Psychology tets 4 (On May 1st)

Openness to experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism (OCEAN)

"Big 5" Dimensions of Personality

Projective Techniques

-Ambiguous stimuli (Like a weird picture) -Reveal inner aspects of individual's personality (through picture) -Assume you will project personality factors (wishes, concerns, impulses, etc) onto ambiguous stimuli and won't censor responses (since its just a picture)

Big 5 Theory

-Just right - at least for now -Balance between accounting for variance in population and avoiding overlapping traits -Same 5 factors emerge in descriptions of personality -May be universal - show up in children and in other cultures and in evaluating strangers -Can predict some behavior

Trait

-given a questionnaire and rate people on their characteristics -Knowing someones traits and and guessing what they will do in the future -What we see in the past will predict what we do in the future

Humanistic

-treating people with unconditional pos. regard -helping people with personality and their best self what can you do to help you with the future

Schizophrenia

1. Class of disorder with fundamental disturbances in thought processes, emotion, and or behavior 2. "split mind" - but NOT multiple personality 3. Not everyone with schizophrenia has same symptoms

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

2(+) identities/personalities within 1 person -Previously known as multiple personality disorder Some criteria -Disruption of identity with 2(+) personality states - changes in affect, agency, behavior, consciousness, memory, perception, etc. -Recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events Onset generally in childhood, diagnosis in 20s -Associated with overwhelming experiences, trauma, and or abuse in childhood Very poorly understood

Don't realize disorder needs to be treated -Dont acknowledge disorder b/c would be weak -adopt a mind over matter approach Barriers such as beliefs/circumstances -Social stigma - embarrassment to friends/family -Lack of insurance -Cultural/ gender factors Not sure where to go for services -Diffrent types of therapies, treatments

3 problems and reasons people don't seek treatment as often as they should?

ID

A newborn infant crying out for satisfaction is a good example of Freud's concept of:

antisocial

A person with _____ personality disorder is aggressive and ruthless and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.

Antisocial personality disorder

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others -Occurring since age 15 -3+ of the following *repeatedly breaking the law *Deceitfulness for personal profit or please *Impulsicity, failure to plan ahead *Irritability or aggressiveness *lack of remorse *consistant irresponsibility

Anxiety Disorder

A predominant feature -High in comorbidity between anxiety and depression

self-concepts

A psychology instructor asks his class to write down all of their thoughts and feelings about themselves. This exercise is a way to describe:

factor analysis

A researcher is attempting to develop a new personality test. As part of the process, he needs to identify clusters of related items. For this he will need to apply _____.

ID

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. Operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification.

dissociative

A sudden loss of memory is one symptom of a(n) _____ disorder.

EGO

According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle.

traits

According to Gordon Allport, personality should be described in terms of:

Superego

According to Sigmund Freud, this part of the personality represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations.

the United States

According to a 2004 World Health Organization study, the nation with the highest rate of reported mental disorders was _____.

self

According to contemporary psychology, the _____ is the organizer of one's thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Ukraine

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2004 survey regarding past-year prevalence of disorders, in which country did approximately 20 percent of the population report having a psychological disorder?

incompetent

According to the text, people are often most overconfident when they are most:

biasing power of diagnostic labels

After study participants were told that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "passive, dependent type" or "frightened of his own aggressive impulses." This study BEST illustrates the:

unconscious

After the 9/11 and San Bernardino terrorist attacks, many Americans treated Muslims quite differently, even though they stated that they were NOT prejudiced. These negative feelings were a part of their:

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Al is applying for a job with a large company. As part of the application process, Al will need to take a personality test. The test has 10 scales including a scale that assesses depressive tendencies. Al is most likely taking the:

phobias

Although _____ is/are more common, depression is the most common reason people seek mental health services.

humanistic approach

An approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny.

depression

An effective way to break the cycle of _____ is to explain stressful events in terms that are specific and temporary.

Asian-American clients perceived more counselor empathy and felt a stronger alliance with the counselor.

An experiment in which Asian-American clients were matched with counselors who shared their cultural values found that the:

a manic episode

An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with:

All have anxiety Moderate lvl of heritability Best explained by combination of biological, psychological and environmental factors Treatments can be effective -CBT and exposure -Can learn to manage them

Anxiety disorders recap

psychoanalysis.

As a young adult, Clarice has difficulty forming relationships because she feels she cannot trust men. She is seeking a therapist who can help her gain insight into her feelings. The therapy that focuses on helping patients to gain insight is:

achieved self-actualization.

Ashley feels that she has reached her full potential as a physician. According to Maslow, Ashley has:

transference

At her weekly therapy session, Nia became agitated at her therapist, saying that he was controlling and domineering, just like her father. Nia's behavior illustrates _____.

obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

At some time in Don's life, he crossed the line from normal preoccupations and fussiness to a debilitating condition known as:

Genetic influences Biochemical imbalance Structural abnormalities in brain Evolution

Biological factors

vivid imagery

Bipolar disorder strikes more often among those who rely on emotional expression and _____.

antisocial personality disorder

Bob has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would MOST likely be diagnosed as having:

transference

Bob yells at this therapist, "You are an impatient know-it-all, and you only care about yourself!" Bob is MOST likely experiencing:

Pervasive pattern of instability and marked impulsivity -5+ of the following *Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment *Pattern of unstable and intense personal relationships *Identity disturbance *Impulsivity in at least 2 areas that are potentially self-damaging (Not suicide) *Recurrent suicidal behavior threat or self injury

Borderline personality disorder consist of what things?

see the biological difference between different disorders.

Brain imaging studies allow researchers to:

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian MOST clearly exhibits symptoms of:

reaction formation.

Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

the recommendations from his past employers

Carlos is applying for a new job. The company has asked for copies of his college transcripts, a list of personal references, and letters of recommendations from past employers. He also has to complete a face-to-face interview. Which of these is the BEST indicator of his potential performance at this new job?

put a lot of effort into therapy.

Clients may overestimate the value of therapy because they:

emphasize the importance of clients' personal interpretations of life events.

Cognitive therapists are MOST likely to:

Most of the mind is unconscious. Ego = conscious mind (executive mediator) id = unconscious mind (unconscious psychic energy).

Conscious vs. Unconscious awareness

Labels change how a person is perceived 70% with diagnosable mental disorders do not seek treatment -50% feel stigma has decreased, thanks to media Disorder viewed as weakness, keep diagnosis a secret Some (little) evidence that labels actually create disorders Labels go to DISORDER, not to person -"person with schizophrenia" not "a schizophrenic"

Consequences of labeling

More reliable More objective Better criteria to diagnose Better than alternative ways to diagnose Still room for improvement continues to change 50% who met criteria for one disorder met criteria for at least one other disorder -Comorbidity Different clinicians see different symptoms Subject to some interpretation Diagnosis based on self report Same disorder, different reasons

DSM-V has evolved how?

unconditional positive regard

Darius's friends know him as someone who values people, regardless of their failings. When people spend time with Darius, they know he will have an attitude of total acceptance toward them. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as:

individualism

David, who has lived in the United States all his life, believes in giving highest priority to personal goals. He also defines himself mostly in terms of personality traits, and he values personal control and achievement. David ascribes to:

EGO

Deals with life's practical demands Conform to external world Induces people to act with reason "reality"

Paranoid schizoid schizotypal

Define the weird in the personality cluster

Antisocial borderline histrionic and narcissistic

Define the wild in the personality cluster

Avoidant dependent obsessive/compulsive

Define the wimpy in the personality cluster

the most common reason people seek mental health services.

Depression is:

Depression symptoms 5 of the following over 2 weeks: Depressed mood most of the time Dramatically reduced interest of enjoying in most Activities most of the time Challenges regulating appetite and weight Challenges regulating sleep Feeling worthless or unwarranted guilt Feeling listless of with much less energy Physical agitation or lethargy Problems in thinking concentrating or making decisions Thinking repetitively

Depression symptoms are?

His condition is likely to deteriorate over time.

Donald is a 35-year-old man with schizophrenia. He has struggled with mental illness since childhood, when he had anxiety and impaired judgment. He began experiencing psychotic symptoms at age 19, which have been only partially controlled by medication. What is Donald's prognosis?

genuineness

Dr. Burns is a psychotherapist who sees his own therapist so that he can be at his emotional best for his patients. He is open with his feelings and self-disclosing in his own therapy. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as:

biopsychosocial approach

Dr. Moghaddam believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Moghaddam believes in the _____.

factor analysis

Dr. Starr is attempting to develop a new personality test. As part of the process, she needs to identify clusters of related items. For this she will need to apply:

free association

During a psychoanalytic therapy session, Max focuses on several intrusive thoughts that have been bothering him. The therapist tells Max to report any ideas or memories stimulated by these thoughts. Max's therapist is using a technique known as _____.

resistance

During her weekly psychoanalytic therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly change the subject. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

Resistance

During his weekly therapy sessions, Colin finds it very difficult to talk about childhood memories. He often pauses before mentioning embarrassing moments, or simply forgets important details. Colin's behavior illustrates:

Borderline personality disorder

Emotion dysregulation is core deficit Tendency to attend, remember, and interpret environmental stimuli as negative Invalidating environment

Life circumstances Socialization Cultural/social inequities Expectations

Environmental factors (social-cultural)

psychoanalysis

Except for traditional _____, most therapies may also occur in small groups.

Prevalence -9.5% reported depressed in last year (2008) -300 million people experience -Females more at risk, higher diagnosis rate Often preceded by stressful event(s) May end on its own, therapy helps speed process For half may come back

Facts about MDD are?

High percentage of psychiatric hospitalizations High heritability Disruption in multiple neurotransmitters -Enlarged ventricles and grey matter loss as disease develops

Facts about Schizophrenia are?

Delusions

False belief system not amenable to change with conflicting evidence Theme: -Persecutory: one is going to be harmed, harassed by individual/group -Referential: belief that certain gestures, cues etc are directed at oneself. -Grandiose: believe he/she has exceptional abilities wealth or fame. -Erotomanic: Falsely believes another person is in love with them -Somatic: preoccupations regarding health and organ function

reduce isolation

For a person recovering from alcohol use disorder, Alcoholics Anonymous may be beneficial because the group meetings:

major depressive disorder

For the past four weeks, 20-year-old Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from:

a phobia

Four people are seen in a psychiatric clinic for treatment of a newly acquired mental illness. Their respective diagnoses are obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder, phobia, and schizophrenia. The youngest person seeking treatment is likely to suffer from:

Chronic (6mos) excessive worry along with 3 of the following: -Restlessness, fatigue, concentration difficulties, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance Mild-modest level of heritability (1/3 of risk) Environmental factors may influence - but no specific triggers found -i.e. large cities, political/economic strife etc. 2.9% adults, more likely in females, developed countries experience more

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is?

Rationalization

Giving an excuse for unacceptable feelings/behavior to hide true motives/feelings E.g. Explains failing a test because teacher asked the wrong questions

Psychotherapy

Goal: reveal unconscious Uses projective tests Freud started it

Poverty

Gregory is an impoverished African-American teen who finds school stressful but performs at a moderate level academically. He has no relationship with his father but has a close relationship with his mother and grandmother. Which of these factors MOST increases his vulnerability to developing a mental disorder?

Hallucinations

Hearing smelling seeing things that don't exist Often auditory

anal

Huck is 3 years old and seems to struggle with his mother over everything: what to wear, when to take a bath, how to brush his teeth. According to Freud, Huck is in the _____ stage of development.

Anxiety Id seeks gratification, Superego sees as eliciting punishment. Ego thinks will lead to real-world dangers

Id, Ego, Superego driven by what and what does each do?

Psychodynamic Approach

Idea: personality formed by needs, strivings, desires operating outside of awareness

Disorganized Speech

Ideas shift rapidly and incoherently between unrelated topics

frequent attendance at Alcoholics Anonymous meetings; a general support group

If Ardith, who is recovering from alcohol use disorder, wishes to remain in recovery, she is better served by _____ than by _____.

blame her failure on bad officiating

If the self-serving bias is evident in the way an athlete explains her success or failure, she might:

Openness to experience

Imaginative to down to earth Variety to routine Independent to conforming

her academic transcripts

In applying to graduate school, Bernadette must submit not only the completed application form but also letters of recommendation, GRE scores, transcripts, and a personal statement. Which of these is the BEST indicator of her potential for success in graduate school?

self-actualization

In humanistic theory, the final level of psychological development, in which one strives to realize one's uniquely human potential-to achieve everything one is capable of achieving

Grossly disorganized behavior

Inappropriate for situation Childlike silliness, public masterbation, loud showing/ swearing CATATONIC: Increase in muscular rigidity, resist movement. Stay in strange position for extended periods of time.

Antisocial personality disorder

Individual is atlas 18 Antisocial behavior does not occur exclusively within the course of schizophrenia or bipolar Evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15 -Aggression toward people or animals -destruction of property -etc.

Culture (Promote the individual vs to promote society as a whole)

Individualism vs. Collectivism

Regression

Internal conflict or threat dealt with by reverting to immature behavior or earlier stage of development Curling up in fetal position when think you will be attacked; watching cartoons, cuddling teddy bear

SUPEREGO

Internalizes cultural rules Act in ideal fashion Act in accordance with customs "angel"

Effective treatment doesn't necessarily address cause Meditation/Pain control Sleeping pills/ Insomnia

Intervention-causation fallacy

Antisocial

Jamal is concerned about his neighbor, Paul. Paul recently killed a cat and hid the body under his front porch. When confronted, he was not sorry and did not seem bothered by his actions. _____ personality disorder may be an appropriate diagnosis for Paul.

the false consensus effect.

Janice has gotten several tickets for running red lights, speeding, and not wearing her seat belt. When asked by the judge at her most recent court appearance why she continued to break the law, Janice stated that she was certain others did the same, including the judge. Today's researchers would call this:

try out many possible selves.

Jennifer's 5-year-old niece loves to pretend she is a scientist. She also enjoys pretending she is a horse trainer. These pretend games allow children to:

bipolar disorder

Karl is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of hyperactivity. It is very likely that Karl is suffering from:

Negative symptoms

Lack of motivation, emotion, social interaction, poverty of speech "Things missing" - think negative like in learning 5 subtypes -Paranoid -Undifferentiated -residual -catatonic -Disorganized

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Make up stories about photos of ambiguous (unclear) people Tend to elicit themes like success/failure, intimate relationships, aggression, sexuality, conflict

DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

Marius is interested in studying psychological disorders. If he wants to study the classification system most often used in the United States, he should read the _____.

family

Marjorie is experiencing frequent and intense conflict with her teenage daughter. Marjorie should arrange for them to participate in _____ therapy.

hallucinations

Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing:

a phobia

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are MOST characteristic of:

psychoanalytic

Mikkia needs therapy for help with procrastination. She says, "There's no way I'm going to that therapist! He sees patients three times a week for years on end. I need to get better soon!" The therapist MOST likely uses the _____ approach.

It will significantly increase his risk of depression.

Milo is a 10-year-old boy whose father is in the military. The family is relocating from the United States to Iraq due to his father's job requirements. How will this affect Milo's risk for developing depression through his life span?

catatonia

Mimi works in a hospital psychiatric unit. She cares for a patient with schizophrenia who often stands motionless in a corner for several hours. This _____ usually ends abruptly, and the patient then becomes quite agitated.

delusions

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is suffering from:

ADHD

NIMH reported in 2008 that approximately 4.1 percent of people were diagnosed with _____ in the past year.

Bipolar disorder

NOT MOOD SWINGS It has periods of depression and mania -Mania for at least 4 days *mental illness marked by periods of great excitement, euphoria, delusions, and overactivity.

client-centered

Nanci's therapist is an active listener, who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is MOST likely:

self-actualization

Nasser feels that he has reached his full potential as a college student. He has a 4.0 GPA, is involved in many campus activities, and has just been accepted into graduate school. According to Maslow, Nasser has achieved _____.

OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder

Not an Anxiety disorder but has component of anxiety Repetitive, Intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviors (compulsions) designed to rid anxiety due to thoughts -Obsessions produce anxiety, compulsions performed to reduce -Attempts to suppress or ignore thoughts only intensify the event NOT just liking things ordered, particular etc. There is obsessive compulsive personality that has preoccupation with orderliness perfectionism and control

reaction formation

One research study found that men who reported strongly negative attitudes toward homosexuality experienced greater arousal when watching videos of homosexual men having sex than those who did not report such attitudes. These results demonstrate which of Freud's defense mechanisms?

Panic attack -Sudden occurrence of multiple physiological/psychological symptoms of terror i.e. sweating, chocking, nausea, dizziness, shaking,accelerated heart, chest pain, temp change, etc Only Panic disorder if experience recurrent unexpected attacks and have significant anxiety about having another

Panic disorder is?

phobia

People who feel irrationally and intensely afraid of specific objects or situations are suffering from a _____.

Self-report using Pen/Pencil draw backs are: -Honest answers? -We want to make ourselves look good -Are people conscious of all personality characteristics (i.e. conceitedness)

Personality Inventories consist of what and what are the draw backs?

>500 statements "T/F/cannot say" 10 subscales Detects clinical problems and general personality characteristics Easy to administer T/F so biases are limited - no interpretation needed BUT...do people give honest answers?

Personality Inventory Example is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and what are the pros and cons

Likert Scale 4 dimensions, 16 personality combos (i.e. ISTJ, ENFP) Extraverson/Introversion Sensing/Intuition Thinking/Feeling Judging/Perceiving

Personality Inventory Example is the Myers Briggs

Prior events Anticipated events

Personality differences explained by?

objective scoring; subjective scoring

Personality inventories are to _____ as projective tests are to _____.

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Pour ink on paper - fold paper in half Consider WHAT, WHERE, WHY

Obsessive compulsive Personality disorder

Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism and metal/interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency Begins by early adulthood 4+ of the following: -Rigidity and stubbornness -Adopts a miserly spending style toward both self and others -Preoccupation with detais/rules/list to extent that major point of activity is lost -Shows perfectionism that interferes with task completion -Excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships -Over conscientious, scrupulous and inflexibility about matters of morality ethics and values -Reluctant to delegate task to work with others

interpreting the meaning of patients' resistance to bringing anxiety-laden material to consciousness.

Psychoanalysts are especially interested in:

Coping Maladaptive learning Interpersonal problems Trama and stress

Psychological factors?

Oral: Depression, lack of trust, envy Anal: Preoccupied with possessions, submission, cleanliness/messiness issues Phallic: Morality and sex-role identify problems (preoccupied with seduction, competition, authority) Latency Making it here is cue of successful personality development Genital: Capacity for healthy adult relationships, (work, intimate)

Psychosexual Stages Implications of not successfully completing each stage:

Oral (0-18 mos.) Centered on mouth Anal (2-3 years) Centered on anus/urethra Phallic (3-5 years) Centered on penis/clitoris OEDIPUS CONFLICT: identify with same-sex parent in order to overcome conflicting feelings toward opposite-sex parent Latency (5-13 years) Focused on furthering other skills (creativity, intellect, athleticism) Genital (adulthood) Penis/vagina

Psychosexual Stages?

dopamine

Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, _____-blocking drugs have little effect on persistent negative symptoms, such as toneless voices or expressionless faces.

neuroticism

Research has shown that our traits appear in our language patterns. In text messaging, _____ predicts use of negative-emotion words.

2 of the following must be present at least 1 month within persisting for at least 6 months -delusions -Hallucinations -Disorganized speech -negative symptoms -Grossly disorganized behavior Low level of daily functioning in one or more major areas (work relationships self-care)

Schizophrenia diagnosis are and consist of what

Dissociative Disorders

Separation (dissociation) of conscious awareness from previous thought of awareness A class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity

Post-traumatic growth

Seven months ago, Quinn witnessed the gruesome murder of a close friend. Although many people expected him to suffer from this, he seemed to have the opposite reaction. He had a greater appreciation for life, his relationships with his family became more meaningful, and he became more involved in his faith. Quinn's response is known as:

Projection

Shaun tends to binge-drink several times during the week, passing out in random places throughout his apartment. When confronted by his roommate, Shaun defends himself, saying that his roommate also drinks, as do most people their age. According to Freud, which defense mechanism is Shaun using?

Displacement

Shifting unacceptable impulses to neutral or less threatening alternative Punching your pillow, slamming door

Extraversion

Social to retiring Fun loving to sober Affectionate to reserved

agreeableness

Softhearted to ruthless Trusting to suspicious Helpful to uncooperative

more

Some life problems require more support than others. For example, AIDS patients are _____ likely than hypertension patients to be in support groups.

Eysenck had 2-factor theory (later 3 factors)

Some say too simple

serotonin

Some studies suggest there may be an anxiety gene that affects brain levels of:

ID

Source of needs, wants, desires, impulses Instinctual drives (Sex and aggressive drives especially) "devil"

Fear and avoidance of a specific object, activities, and situations. -Feared object/situation always provokes immediate anxiety -Actively avoided or endured with intense fear/anxiety -Out of proportion to actual danger -Persistent -Not better explained by other disorders Specific fears interfere with ability to function -5 categories: animals, natural environment, situations, blood/injury, other More common in women (except in blood/injury which is equal across genders) Social phobia/social anxiety disorder is different diagnosis but similar

Specific phobias are?

word salad

Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a:

an eclectic approach

Stefanie meets with her therapist once a week to talk about her marriage and her relationship with her parents. In addition to helping Stefanie gain insight into these relationships, Stefanie's therapist prescribes medication. This is an example of:

cognitive therapy

Studies have demonstrated that _____ is/are particularly effective for people coping with depression.

Dissociative amnesia

Sudden loss of memory for significant personal information -Usually loss of info dramatic/strsful in nature General or localized -General: failure to remember ones identity or family history for a certain period of time -Localized: Failure to remember dramatic experience May also experience Fugue (purposeful travel or wandering associated with amnesia)

agoraphobia

Susan has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Susan suffers from panic disorder, as well as _____.

Identification

Take on characteristics of another person who seems more powerful - identifying with the aggressor Bullying your children like your parents did you

an abnormally high level of activity across the brain.

Tay is a 37-year-old African-American female previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She currently appears to be experiencing an episode of mania. Her psychiatrist orders blood work and a PET scan. The imaging is likely to show:

American Psychiatric Association (APA)

The _____ classified homosexuality as a mental illness until 1973.

social-cognitive

The _____ perspective on personality emphasizes the interaction of people's traits with their situations.

family

The aim of _____ therapy is to heal relationships and to mobilize the group's resources.

biopsychosocial approach.

The approach to understanding and classifying psychological disorders that is MOST likely to minimize stigma for the afflicted is the:

schizophrenia

The disorder that is MOST likely to result in the person living in poverty is:

neurotic

The maturity principle is the idea that we become more conscientious and agreeable and less ____ up to age 40.

SUPEREGO

The moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what is right and wrong The part of personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirations.

AA

The oldest of support groups, _____, reported having 2.1 million members in 115,000 groups worldwide.

1.1%

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from schizophrenia in 2008 was:

Bipolar

The police brought Erika to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Erika was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the emergency room, Erika would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Erika may be suffering from _____ disorder.

bipolar disorder

The police brought Helene to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling, "I have the power!" Helene was also spending large amounts of money across town and was rude and reckless over the last five days. In the ER, Helene would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Helene is MOST likely suffering from:

social cognition

The process of analyzing and interpreting events, other people, oneself, and the world in general.

more likely to attempt suicide because his energy and initiative are rebounding.

Thirty-seven-year-old Steven is a single male who has suffered from depression all his life. He has been in treatment for the last week and a half and has begun taking an antidepressant. He is starting to feel better, but he is tired of living this way and does not want to face another depressive episode. In terms of risk factors for suicide, Steven is:

social cognitive

This theoretical perspective emphasizes the importance of both learning and mental processes in personality development.

aversive conditioning

To help Jacob overcome his smoking habit, a therapist puts him in a room with a carton of cigarettes laced with a chemical to induce nausea. He displays images of the dangers of smoking both on the walls and on a television set. This approach BEST illustrates:

Aversive conditioning

To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment BEST illustrates:

generalized anxiety

Tomas is continually tense and plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. He most likely suffers from _____ disorder.

Cattell proposed 16-factor

Too complex

Cattell proposed 16-factor, Eysenck had 2-factor theory (later 3 factors), and Big 5 Theory

Trait Approach: searching for core traits

Sublimation

Unacceptable impulses are channeled into socially acceptable activity Sally is rude and like to put people down. She decides to become a stand-up comic.

Projection

Unacceptable wishes/feelings attributed to others Monica deals with her attraction to her married supervisor Bill by accusing fellow employee Kelly of flirting with him.

Reaction Formation

Unconsciously replacing unwanted inner wishes and fantasies with exaggerated version of opposite Although deeply resentful of how mother treated him as a child, Juan calls her every day and showers her with affection

narcissism

Vincent was a famous rock musician during the 1980s. Even though he has not had a hit in more than 25 years, he constantly brags about his past musical hits and wants people to recognize him for his past accomplishments. His psychologist thinks Vincent is excessively self-absorbed and thus believes he displays a high level of:

Major depressive Disorder and Bipolar disorder

What are some mood disorders?

the weird ,the wild, and the wimpy

What are the 3 personality clusters?

Psychodynamic Approach Humanistic Approach Social-Cognitive Approach

What are the Approaches to measuring personality?

(RIP(3 -tions) DDR(dance dance revolution) Sr.) Rationalization Identification Projection Denial Displacement Reaction Formation Sublimation Regression

What are the Defense Mechanisms

Rorschach Inkblot Test and Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

What are the Projective Techniques?

-Always subject to interpretation Could be scorer's projection onto test-taker Was person trying to be funny or deceptive -Not reliable or valid in predicting behavior -Can help get to know someone, but not the only answer

What are the problems of Projective Techniques?

Psychoanalysis Humanistic therapies -Active listening -Unconditional positive regard Behavior therapies -Conditioning -Exposure -Desensitization -Aversive conditioning Cognitive therapies -Becks therapy for depression -Cognitive Behavioral therapy -Reveal test and change beliefs is goal Group and family therapy Therapists

What are the treatments for Personality Disorders?

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) -Recognition and change the way you think -Goal-oriented, small steps Exposure Some anxiety medications

What are the treatments for anxiety?

Drugs (difficulty to continue use because miss mania) Genetic component Mania more difficult to manage Cognitive therapies can help depression.

What are treatments for Bipolar disorder?

Anti-depressant medications -SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) -Cognitive therapy (therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions) -Combination of the two

What are treatments for Major depression disorder or (MDD)

Usually T/F or 1-7 Likert scale (agree...disagree) Sometimes Multiple Choice (Which would you...)

What does self report consist of?

It is observed in all cultures

What information would help a researcher determine if a psychological disorder were genetic in origin?

An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time and leads to distress or impairment

What is a personality disorder?

Replaced with medical model or diagnosis with DSM

What is abnormal?

Allows people with disorders to seek treatment rather than institutionalized or punished Not perfect... every thought/abnormality can't be traced to underlying disease

What is diagnosis with DSM

Self-Serving Bias

What is it when we feel most of us seeing ourselves as better than average?

each disorder has specific symptoms that suggest syndrome can be diagnosed treated and often cured

What is replaced with medical model?

stable disposition to behave in a particular way -Not one particular action, but variety of actions based on trait: i.e. "orderliness" -Traits as disposition/causes: inventories -Traits as motives: projective tests Difficulties: -Narrowing plethora of traits -Answering WHY a person has a particular trait

What is the trait approach?and what are the difficulties?

DISTURBANCES in behavior thoughts emotions -These are maladaptive and interfere with day to day life Personal DISTRESS or impairment Stem from internal DYSFUNCTION (biological and / or psychological)

What makes behavior a disorder?

narcissistic

When people meet Jae, one of the first things they notice is that she is very dramatic and self-centered. She is self-focused and self-inflating. Jae exhibits characteristics typical of _____ personality disorder.

react violently

When their self-esteem has been threatened, people with large egos may:

Neuroticism

Worried to calm insecure to secure Self-pitying to self satisfied

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is MOST clearly showing signs of:

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Years after he barely survived an attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Yousafzai suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event. They render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Yousafzai is most clearly showing signs of _____.

collectivism

Yu-Fin is from China. She defines her goals in terms of her family's goals and values. Her identity is based on her identification with her extended family, which brings her great comfort and security. Yu-Fin is demonstrating _____

Virtual reality

_____ exposure therapy progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as flying, spiders, or public speaking.

unconditional positive regard

_____ is a caring, accepting, and nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Unconditional positive regard

_____ is an attitude of total acceptance toward another person; this attitude nurtures growth in others.

Biomedical therapy

_____ is the process of prescribing medication or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology.

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

a projective test in which subjects look at and tell a story about ambiguous pictures

Denial

ignoring the obvious and putting it out of mind.

Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic

negative under-tone unconsciously something that happened in the past and thats why your in therapy

Conscientiousness

organized to disorganized Careful to careless Self-disciplined to weak willed

Spotlight Effect

overestimating others' noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us).

Unaware of impact on others Persistant noncompliance Personality problems viewed as a basic part of the self Abrupt end of therapeutic gains

sings of Personality disorder

medical model

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

social cognitive approach

views personality in terms of how the person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them

A personality disorder is usually not the presenting problem -Seeking treatment for some other psychopathology * depression etc

what are clinical characteristics for personality disorder

A trigger leads to cognition which leads to physical symptoms and that causes behaviors which leads back to cognition in a circular fashion.

whats the model of anxiety look like?