Psychology Topic 8

Which finding is the best evidence that genetics plays an important role in determining intelligence? Select one: a. Identical twins raised apart have more similar IQs than siblings raised together. b. Adopted children have IQs that are similar to their nonbiological siblings. c. Siblings raised together have more similar IQs than siblings raised apart. d. Identical twins raised together have more similar IQs than identical twins raised apart.

a. Identical twins raised apart have more similar IQs than siblings raised together.

The type of thinking that uses shortcuts to allow one to make a decision quickly, without considering all of the evidence, is called Select one: a. a heuristic. b. insight. c. an algorithm. d. framing.

a. a heuristic.

When you use a city map to find your way to a restaurant, it has some physical characteristics of the actual objects-streets and their locations. Because of this, the map is a(n) ________ representation. Select one: a. analogical b. symbolic c. exemplar d. prototype

a. analogical

A road map and a photograph have some of the physical characteristics of objects. Because of this, they are ________ of the external world around us. Select one: a. analogous representations b. exemplars c. symbolic representations d. mental maps

a. analogous representations

The Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) measures logical thinking ability and predicts students' success in law school. Based on this you know that the LSAT is a(n) ________ test. Select one: a. aptitude b. general intelligence c. achievement d. standardized

a. aptitude

Oberlin is participating in a psychology study in which he has to press a red button whenever he sees a circle on the computer screen and a green button whenever he sees a square. This study is measuring ________ reaction time. Select one: a. choice b. complex c. basic d. simple

a. choice

Which of the following best describes problem solving? Select one: a. finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal b. selecting the best option among a set of alternatives c. reasoning from general information to specific information d. using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable

a. finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal

Cory performs well at the word game Scrabble because he is good at solving problems and rearranging letters quickly to form many words. These skills reveal his ________ intelligence. Select one: a. fluid b. spatial c. practical d. interpersonal

a. fluid

The idea that one single intelligence factor contributes to performance on all intellectual tasks is known as the ________ intelligence theory. Select one: a. general b. single c. fluid d. crystallized

a. general

Margo is very good at learning to do new things quickly and flexibly. Margo is most likely considered to be ________ intelligence. Select one: a. high in fluid b. low in analytical c. high in crystallized d. low in practical

a. high in fluid

Every morning, my bathroom scale tells me that I weigh 120 pounds. However, when I go to the doctor's office, the very accurate professional scale says I weigh 130 pounds. My bathroom scale has ________ and ________. Select one: a. high reliability; low validity b. low reliability; low validity c. high reliability; high validity d. low reliability; high validity

a. high reliability; low validity

The main concept of general intelligence theory is that Select one: a. one factor underlies intelligence. b. there are three different types of intelligence. c. there are two types of intelligence. d. intelligence is too general to measure accurately.

a. one factor underlies intelligence.

While moving into a new apartment, Cole needed to hold the door open but he did not have a doorstop. Instead, he used his heavy potted plant to prop open the door. Cole solved this problem by Select one: a. overcoming functional fixedness. b. framing. c. restructuring. d. using a mental set.

a. overcoming functional fixedness.

Jane is taking the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS). Afterward, Jane says that she liked creating stories from different pictures and re-creating patterns with blocks. It appears that Jane enjoyed the ________ scales of the test. Select one: a. performance b. verbal c. fluid d. crystallized

a. performance

Kevin wants to be a doctor but right now he is an English major. Kevin is trying to find out how to change majors to one that will allow him to reach his goal. Kevin is engaging in Select one: a. problem solving. b. informal reasoning. c. decision making. d. formal reasoning.

a. problem solving.

Dr. Brown conducts research on how concepts are represented in people's minds. He believes that each category has one perfect representation of a concept. Based on this, Dr. Brown most likely follows the ________ model of organizing concepts. Select one: a. prototype b. exemplar c. concept d. schema

a. prototype

Bob believes that the Seahawks will win the Super Bowl this year. To see whether you agree with Bob, you read a variety of online reviews about the Seahawks and their opponents and compare the statistics for each team. To determine whether Bob's conclusion is reasonable, you are engaging in Select one: a. reasoning. b. problem solving. c. decision making. d. heuristics.

a. reasoning.

Using heuristics in decision making has the advantage of ________ and the disadvantage of ________. Select one: a. requiring minimal thinking; not always working b. not always working; requiring minimal thinking c. always working; requiring effortful thinking d. requiring effortful thinking; always working

a. requiring minimal thinking; not always working

When John uses his knowledge to reason, make decisions, and adapt to environmental challenges, he is Select one: a. showing intelligence. b. avoiding a mental set. c. showing insight. d. avoiding functional fixedness.

a. showing intelligence.

A prototype includes ________ in a category. An exemplar includes ________ in the category. Select one: a. the most typical concept; all examples of concepts b. the least typical concept; the most typical concept c. only stereotypical concepts; the least typical concept d. all examples of concepts; only stereotypical concepts

a. the most typical concept; all examples of concepts

When you meet Joe, he tells you that he loves math and building computers and robots. You decide that Joe must be an engineering student and not a liberal arts student, even though there are more liberal arts students at your school. In making this decision, you have just used Select one: a. the representativeness heuristic. b. an algorithm. c. the availability heuristic. d. an analogy.

a. the representativeness heuristic.

Although many successful musicians may not have "book smarts," they certainly have the "street smarts" needed to succeed in the music industry. The theory of intelligence that best accounts for this observation about "book smarts" and "street smarts" in musicians is the ________ theory. Select one: a. triarchic b. general intelligence c. emotional intelligence d. crystallized intelligence

a. triarchic

Marco wants to get an A on his exam. To do this, he divides up the material into small sections and focuses on learning a different section every day until he knows all of the material for the exam. Marco is ________ to achieve his goal of getting an A on his exam. Select one: a. using subgoals b. working backward c. creating an analogy d. using insight

a. using subgoals

Demi is a 10-year-old with a mental age of 12. Demi's intelligence quotient (IQ) is Select one: a. 100. b. 120. c. 110. d. 83.

b. 120.

To buy cheese, Kumiko goes to a large store with a big selection of cheeses. Nima goes to a much smaller store with only a few choices of cheeses. Who is more likely to buy cheese, and why? Select one: a. Kumiko, because his store has more choices b. Nima, because his store has fewer choices c. Kumiko, because he will be able to decide which is the perfect cheese for him d. Nima, because he can make his decision more quickly

b. Nima, because his store has fewer choices

Annie needs to take her cat to the vet but she does not have a carrier. She remembers that once she took her guinea pig to the vet in a pot. But she knows the cat will not fit in a pot, so she cannot use this strategy. Annie is having a hard time solving the problem because of Select one: a. poor insight. b. a mental set. c. subgoals. d. framing.

b. a mental set.

The final exam for your psychology class is a(n) ________ test. Select one: a. aptitude b. achievement c. general intelligence d. standardized

b. achievement

Isaac is baking a cake by following the instructions in the recipe exactly. Isaac is using ________ to make the cake, which means that his cake will turn out correctly. Select one: a. insight b. an algorithm c. a heuristic d. restructuring

b. an algorithm

When people group several concepts together, such as baseball, basketball, and football, based on the shared property of being "ball sports," they are creating a ________of the concepts. Select one: a. prototype b. category c. exemplar d. mental map

b. category

Marilyn is very skilled at crossword puzzles, in part because she has a lot of knowledge about crosswords that she acquired through experience. Her knowledge of crossword puzzle words reflects ________ intelligence. Select one: a. fluid b. crystallized c. creative d. spatial

b. crystallized

Dr. Green is a respected therapist. His clients appreciate his ability to recognize and understand their feelings during difficult situations, even when they themselves do not understand their own feelings. Based on this, Dr. Green appears to have very high ________ intelligence. Select one: a. linguistic b. emotional c. practical d. general

b. emotional

Gillian bought one set of tools because that brand offered a $10 rebate. The tool company influenced her decision by presenting the information about the rebates. This is a strategy known as Select one: a. restructuring. b. framing. c. the availability heuristic. d. the representativeness heuristic.

b. framing.

Karl is posting signs on campus and he ran out of tape to put up the last sign. He could not figure out another way to put up the sign even though he was chewing gum and could have used the gum to put up the sign. Karl most likely does not come up with this solution because of Select one: a. framing. b. functional fixedness. c. restructuring. d. lack of insight.

b. functional fixedness.

You are studying for your exam when the electricity goes out. In order to have enough light to read your textbook, you put your cell phone in front of the page and use the light from the screen to read the book. You are able to successfully study for your exam because you avoid Select one: a. restructuring the problem. b. functional fixedness. c. working backward. d. using analogies.

b. functional fixedness.

Mr. O'Neil, a high school math teacher, believes that students who are good at math will also be good in English, history, and music. Mr. O'Neil's belief most closely resembles the ________ intelligence theory. Select one: a. triarchic b. general c. multiple d. emotional

b. general

If you can make decisions, solve problems, learn quickly, and adapt to changes in the environment, you probably have a Select one: a. low level of intelligence. b. high level of intelligence. c. high level of insight. d. low level of insight.

b. high level of intelligence.

Your friend says the new restaurant in town has the best hamburgers. To see whether she is correct, you read a variety of online restaurant reviews. You are using ________ reasoning to determine whether this conclusion is valid. Select one: a. formal b. informal c. heuristic d. algorithmic

b. informal

Our ability to learn quickly, understand complex ideas, and use knowledge to solve problems demonstrates Select one: a. informal reasoning. b. intelligence. c. insight. d. formal reasoning.

b. intelligence.

When Dave started driving, he had to use a navigation system to get around his city. Over time, Dave could drive through his city without the navigation system because he knew the names of all the roads and had a visual image in his mind of where they are. Dave has most likely developed a ________ of his city. Select one: a. categorical representation b. mental map c. symbolic representation d. series of individual prototypes

b. mental map

Before taking her calculus final, Heather reads a story about how men and women have equal abilities in math. As a result, Heather is ________ likely to do well on her exam because of ________. Select one: a. more; positive role models b. more; reduced stereotype threat c. less; positive role models d. less; reduced stereotype threat

b. more; reduced stereotype threat

Kelly, a 30-year-old, took a modern IQ test and got an IQ score of 90. Based on this information, we can assume that Kelly Select one: a. has a mental age of 30. b. scored slightly below average on the test. c. scored slightly above average on the test. d. can be classified as gifted.

b. scored slightly below average on the test.

Shara is participating in a psychology study in which she has to press a button as fast as possible whenever she sees a circle on the computer screen. This study is measuring ________ reaction time. Select one: a. choice b. simple c. complex d. basic

b. simple

Larry wants to see whether he can influence his students' test scores. When he gives his students their English test, he says "Tall students tend to perform worse than short students on this test." Indeed, the tall students do get lower scores on the test. These results provide support for the existence of Select one: a. crystallized intelligence. b. stereotype threat. c. fluid intelligence. d. test validity.

b. stereotype threat.

Right before her geometry exam, Julie heard a story about how women have trouble in geometry because it requires spatial manipulation. Even though she was prepared for the test, she did not do as well as she would have done had she not heard that story. Based on this, you know that Julie's performance was most likely impaired by Select one: a. having a low IQ. b. stereotype threat. c. poor reliability of the test. d. poor validity of the test.

b. stereotype threat.

Because she heard that her blind date was an accounting major, Cynthia imagined that he would be conservative, humorless, and dull. Cynthia's generalization of what an accounting student is like is an example of a(n) Select one: a. exemplar. b. stereotype. c. mental map. d. analogical representation.

b. stereotype.

Cognitive schemas allow for easy, fast processing of information about people, events, or groups that are related in some way. However, when we make generalizations about these people, events, or groups, we are using Select one: a. concepts. b. stereotypes. c. exemplars. d. heuristics.

b. stereotypes.

Josie has decided that she wants to become a doctor, but she feels overwhelmed when she thinks about how many years of school it will take to become a doctor. She could manage this feeling by breaking the process into smaller pieces. If she did this, she would be using Select one: a. working backward. b. subgoals. c. sudden insight. d. an analogy.

b. subgoals.

When solving a problem using insight, the solution is reached Select one: a. by achieving one's subgoals. b. suddenly when it just pops into one's head. c. based on how similar the problem is to other problems. d. by starting at the goal state and working backward.

b. suddenly when it just pops into one's head.

When you write out a list of directions to find your way to a restaurant, you are writing words that do not physically resemble the locations of the streets. Because of this you are using a(n) ________ representation. Select one: a. analogical b. symbolic c. heuristic d. algorithm

b. symbolic

When you read the word cake on a menu, it is a(n) ________ representation. The picture of a cake on a menu is a(n) ________ representation. Select one: a. analogical; symbolic b. symbolic; analogical c. symbolic; conceptual d. conceptual; symbolic

b. symbolic; analogical

Terry is making a multilayer wedding cake. While trying to make sure it does not collapse, he remembers a bridge he saw that had an interesting support system. He applies that support system to the cake structure to make sure it does not collapse. Terry ________ to solve his problem. Select one: a. worked backward b. used an analogy c. used insight d. created subgoals

b. used an analogy

You get to your car and realize you have lost your keys. So you think of the last time you saw your keys and retrace your steps from that point. You are using the problem-solving technique of ________ to help find your keys. Select one: a. subgoals b. working backward c. analogy d. sudden insight

b. working backward

Corbin, who is 10 years old, took a test that shows he has a mental age of 15. What can be concluded from this information? Select one: a. Corbin is less intelligent than other 10-year-olds. b. Corbin is of average intelligence for his age. c. Corbin is more intelligent than other 10-year-olds. d. Corbin is more intelligent than 15-year-olds.

c. Corbin is more intelligent than other 10-year-olds.

Peter is a 4-year-old who can already read and has the vocabulary of a 10-year-old. His parents also love to read, so his house is filled with books. What is the most reasonable conclusion about the source of Peter's high intelligence? Select one: a. He inherited genes for high intelligence from his parents. b. His parents provided the stimulating environment needed to develop his intelligence. c. His intelligence resulted from an interaction of both genes and environment. d. Neither genes nor the environment is the cause of his high intelligence.

c. His intelligence resulted from an interaction of both genes and environment.

Dr. Earl is a cognitive psychologist who studies thinking. Which question is most relevant to Dr. Earl's research? Select one: a. How do we cope with tragic events? b. How does a person's culture influence his or her career choice? c. How do we mentally rotate objects to "see" them from many angles? d. How does the behavior of a group affect one person?

c. How do we mentally rotate objects to "see" them from many angles?

Which of the following would be an example of crystallized intelligence? Select one: a. Maggie is able to solve unfamiliar math problems. b. Aaron can compose a beautiful piano piece in one week. c. Jordan can easily recite the entire dictionary. d. Miguel can think quickly in complicated situations.

c. Jordan can easily recite the entire dictionary.

An intelligence test that includes a verbal scale and a performance scale is the Select one: a. Binet-Simon Scale. b. Stanford-Binet test. c. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. d. ACT test.

c. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

Cara is a mechanic. She fixes three cars that will not start by replacing their batteries. When a fourth car is brought in and will not start, she assumes the problem is the battery. Cara's assumption is based on Select one: a. functional fixedness. b. restructuring. c. a mental set. d. an analogy.

c. a mental set.

Using algorithms in decision making has the advantage of ________ and the disadvantage of ________. Select one: a. requiring minimal thinking; not always working b. not always working; requiring minimal thinking c. always working; requiring effortful thinking d. requiring effortful thinking; always working

c. always working; requiring effortful thinking

A picture of a computer is an example of a(n) ________ representation. The word computer is an example of a(n) ________ representation. Select one: a. mental map; conceptual b. conceptual; mental map c. analogical; symbolic d. symbolic; analogical

c. analogical; symbolic

Mary does well in both math and science. According to general intelligence theory, Mary's performance in literature and history should be ________ how she does in math and science. Select one: a. worse than b. completely unrelated to c. as good as d. much better than

c. as good as

According to the paradox of choice, having some choice is good, and having even more choice Select one: a. makes people feel more satisfied with their decisions. b. forces people to use an algorithm to make decisions. c. can be frustrating and impair thinking. d. allows us to have insight about what we really want.

c. can be frustrating and impair thinking.

The type of reaction-time task that is most strongly related to intelligence test scores is the ________ reaction-time task. Select one: a. complex b. simple c. choice d. basic

c. choice

Jake is choosing his major from three different alternatives: biology, Spanish, or psychology. Jake is using Select one: a. problem solving. b. framing. c. decision making. d. insight.

c. decision making.

Alina often has trouble understanding her own feelings and has difficulty recognizing when her friends are expressing their feelings. Alina probably has low ________ intelligence. Select one: a. fluid b. practical c. emotional d. kinesthetic

c. emotional

Dr. Smith is interested in how concepts are represented in people's minds. He believes that a category includes all of the examples of the concepts in that category. Dr. Smith most likely follows the ________ model of categorizing concepts. Select one: a. analogical representation b. prototype c. exemplar d. symbolic representation

c. exemplar

Juan believes that robins are a good example of a "bird." Sergei believes that penguins are a good example of a "bird." Juan and Sergei are both correct according to the ________ model of organizing concepts. Select one: a. schema b. stereotype c. exemplar d. prototype

c. exemplar

Joel is fantastic at solving logic problems but has a terrible vocabulary and cannot find most countries on a map. Joel would most likely be considered ________ in fluid intelligence and ________ in crystallized intelligence. Select one: a. high; high b. low; low c. high; low d. low; high

c. high; low

After struggling to solve a physics problem, you take a break for lunch. When you go back to work on the problem, the solution suddenly pops into your head. In this case you used ________ to solve the problem. Select one: a. an analogy b. restructuring c. insight d. a mental set

c. insight

Joe has an incredible ability to memorize whatever he reads in a book, and also can recite all the cities in the United States alphabetically. However, he has difficulty doing simple tasks like taking the bus. Joe most likely Select one: a. performs well on choice reaction-time tests. b. has a high IQ. c. is a savant. d. performs well on simple reaction-time tests.

c. is a savant.

Using an analogy to help solve a problem is most likely to occur when the problem Select one: a. is very specific and well-defined. b. has many subgoals. c. is similar to another problem. d. cannot be solved by working backward.

c. is similar to another problem.

An advantage of the prototype model in describing how we think about concepts is that Select one: a. it organizes concepts hierarchically. b. a different prototype can be chosen for different reasons. c. it allows for flexibility in letting unusual concepts be included in a category. d. all examples of concepts are equally important.

c. it allows for flexibility in letting unusual concepts be included in a category.

If you have a higher level of general intelligence, you are also likely to have better Select one: a. parenting skills. b. interpersonal relationships. c. physical health. d. emotional regulation.

c. physical health.

Lauren is baking a cake but realizes that she is missing ingredients. She has to make a cake, so she finds a new recipe that will work with the ingredients she has. Lauren is engaging in Select one: a. informal reasoning. b. framing. c. problem solving. d. formal reasoning.

c. problem solving.

Your rent is due, but you are short $100. You find a way around this obstacle to meet the goal of paying the rent by offering to clean your friend's house for $100. You now have enough money to pay your rent. To reach your goal, you have just used the thinking strategy of Select one: a. reasoning. b. decision making. c. problem solving. d. framing.

c. problem solving.

When we encounter a difficult problem, thinking about the problem in a new way can help solve it. This technique is known as Select one: a. using a mental set. b. functional fixedness. c. restructuring. d. using an analogy.

c. restructuring.

Jethro believes that all elderly people have difficulty hearing and understanding. Whenever he interacts with an elderly person, Jethro automatically speaks loudly and slowly. Jethro is applying his ________ of the elderly in these interactions. Select one: a. algorithm b. prototype c. stereotype d. exemplar

c. stereotype

Which of the following is NOT an example of thinking? Select one: a. translating your Spanish homework into English b. calculating the tip on your dinner bill c. taking a nap with soft music playing d. using a map to drive to a new store

c. taking a nap with soft music playing

Last week, Alana saw a television show about a rare, but fatal, virus. Now, she has a runny nose and a fever and thinks she has contracted the virus. Alana's thinking is most likely based on Select one: a. the representativeness heuristic. b. using framing. c. the availability heuristic. d. an algorithm.

c. the availability heuristic.

Some mental shortcuts can cause errors in thinking. For example, simply because a piece of information is remembered easily does not mean that the best decision is based on that information. This error in thinking reflects Select one: a. an analogy. b. insight. c. the availability heuristic. d. the representativeness heuristic.

c. the availability heuristic.

Typically, scores on intelligence tests are closely related to ________ memory. Select one: a. sensory b. semantic c. working d. episodic

c. working

Which of the following questions best summarizes the current approach to the role of nature and nurture in intelligence? Select one: a. Is intelligence primarily determined by genetics? b. Is intelligence primarily determined by the environment? c. What factors other than nature and nurture influence intelligence? d. How does each factor, genes and the environment, contribute to intelligence?

d. How does each factor, genes and the environment, contribute to intelligence?

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of stereotype threat? Select one: a. It causes distraction and anxiety. b. It reduces the short-term memory capacity. c. It undermines confidence and motivation. d. It disorganizes information in long-term memory.

d. It disorganizes information in long-term memory.

Sam always buys one specific brand of cell phones because she believes that brand is the most reliable. Sam is using ________ to decide what cell phone to buy, which may help her save time picking out her next cell phone. Select one: a. restructuring b. formal reasoning c. an algorithm d. a heuristic

d. a heuristic

Which of the following is NOT an example of an analogical representation? Select one: a. a subway map b. a family tree c. a diagram of the human body d. a sign language gesture for "please"

d. a sign language gesture for "please"

The SAT is a psychometric test, which means that it is Select one: a. an intelligence test that gives an IQ score based on a person's performance. b. an achievement test that reveals what knowledge and skills a person has. c. definitely valid but may not be reliable. d. a standardized test that is administered the same way for all students and scored objectively.

d. a standardized test that is administered the same way for all students and scored objectively.

Stella takes an Advanced Placement English Literature test, which is designed to assess what knowledge and skills she has learned in that subject. Stella is taking a(n) ________ test. Select one: a. content b. performance c. aptitude d. achievement

d. achievement

James is trying to break into a safe, but he does not know the four-digit code. To find the right code, he uses a procedure that will obtain the right result if he uses it correctly. Specifically, he tries every possible set of four-digit numbers until he finds the correct one. James is using a(n) ________ to find the correct code. Select one: a. analogy b. mental set c. heuristic d. algorithm

d. algorithm

Monica is very good at algebra and chemistry. However, she is not very good at writing short stories. According to the triarchic theory of intelligence, Monica most likely has high ________ intelligence and low ________ intelligence. Select one: a. logical; linguistic b. analytical; linguistic c. logical; creative d. analytical; creative

d. analytical; creative

Chris is describing what lasagna is to a friend who has never eaten it before. He tells his friend, "Lasagna usually has layers of noodles with cheese and sauce in between each layer." In this situation, Chris is describing his ________ of lasagna. Select one: a. mental map b. category c. analogical representation d. concept

d. concept

When Mary thinks about a "guitar," she is using a mental representation of specific knowledge about that object. Mary is thinking about a Select one: a. mental map. b. schema. c. stereotype. d. concept.

d. concept.

According to the theory of multiple intelligences, the famous authors Mark Twain and Dr. Seuss most likely possessed high ________ intelligence. Select one: a. musical b. spatial c. intrapersonal d. linguistic

d. linguistic

Seven-year-old Tarun is baking cookies for the first time. He does not know what a tablespoon is, so every time the recipe says to use a tablespoon, he uses a teaspoon instead. Tarun's system of measurement has ________ and ________. Select one: a. low validity; low reliability b. high validity; low reliability c. high validity; high reliability d. low validity; high reliability

d. low validity; high reliability

A man is skiing skillfully down a mountain. This man would most likely score high on bodily kinesthetic intelligence, according to the ________ theory. Select one: a. general intelligence b. triarchic c. emotional intelligence d. multiple intelligences

d. multiple intelligences

Luke grew up by the beach and only wears sandals. Because of this, it is likely Luke considers sandals to be the most typical type of "shoe." For Luke, sandals would most likely be the ________ of the category "shoes." Select one: a. stereotype b. heuristic c. exemplar d. prototype

d. prototype

Fred wants to be a lawyer. To achieve this goal, Fred realizes he will have to graduate from law school. He also knows that to go to law school, he will have to graduate from college. So, he decides that his first step toward his goal of being a lawyer is to apply to college. To solve his problem Fred is using Select one: a. an analogy. b. working backward. c. insight. d. subgoals.

d. subgoals.

Steve is trying to determine whether it will rain this Saturday. He quickly remembers that it has rained the past three Saturdays. If he uses this information to make his decision, he will be using Select one: a. framing. b. insight. c. the representativeness heuristic. d. the availability heuristic.

d. the availability heuristic.

When a friend asks for a restaurant recommendation, you quickly remember the place where you ate last night and suggest that restaurant to her. You most likely thought of that restaurant due to Select one: a. framing. b. insight. c. the representativeness heuristic. d. the availability heuristic.

d. the availability heuristic.

You read a description about a woman named Tyra, who happens to be extremely beautiful and almost six feet tall. You are asked to predict whether Tyra is a model or a science teacher. To do this, you think of your prototypes of a model and a science teacher, and decide that Tyra is a model. Your reasoning may be faulty due to Select one: a. an algorithm. b. framing. c. the availability heuristic. d. the representativeness heuristic.

d. the representativeness heuristic.

Bridget just took an intelligence test. The results show that Bridget has very high musical intelligence. The test Bridget took was probably based on the Select one: a. triarchic theory. b. theory of emotional intelligences. c. theory of general intelligence. d. theory of multiple intelligences.

d. theory of multiple intelligences.

Regina is mentally manipulating information about how her boyfriend's new jeans fit him. When Regina does this she is Select one: a. experiencing insight about whether he is attractive. b. using an algorithm to decide whether the jeans fit. c. developing a mental map of her boyfriend. d. thinking about how he looks in the jeans.

d. thinking about how he looks in the jeans.

Sue is a great math student. According to multiple intelligences theory, Sue's linguistic intelligence should be ________ her mathematical/logical intelligence. Select one: a. greater than b. less than c. equal to d. unrelated to

d. unrelated to

Josh is having trouble deciding which of two pairs of shoes to buy. Donna tells him that when she could not decide which of two sweaters to buy, she decided to buy both sweaters. Josh realizes that buying both pairs of shoes will solve his problem as well. Josh ________ to solve his problem. Select one: a. worked backward b. used insight c. overcame a mental set d. used an analogy

d. used an analogy

Which of the following best describes reasoning? Select one: a. finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal b. selecting the best option among a set of alternatives c. choosing between general information and specific information d. using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable

d. using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable