Psychology Unit 1 Study Guide

The primary difference between psychologists and psychiatrists is that

Psychologists are PhD's and use therapy; psychiatrists are MD's and can prescribe

Abraham Maslow argued that a person's psychological well-being depended on

Satisfaction of needs

A school psychologist

Addresses psychological issues -- emotional problems, at-risk behaviors, learning disabilities -- in a school setting

Which of these theories is associated with the idea that Psychology is a pure science that can be studied experimentally and that there is no meaningful difference between human and animal behavior?

Behaviorist approach

In order to treat clients independently or teach psychology at the college level, it is necessary to

Earn a doctoral degree in psychology

The Humanistic Perspective in psychology is an extension of Humanist philosophy, which was influenced by figures from the Renaissance such as

Erasmus

Stanley Hall is largely ignored by modern psychology because of his outspoken support for

Eugenics

Which of these theories is based on the idea that thoughts and behaviors are influenced by genetic factors and have changed over time to increase survivability of the human species?

Evolutionary approach

A counselor is someone who

Has a master's degree and a state license; they can provide therapy but must be supervised

Stanley Hall was one of the most significant early psychologists. Among his achievements

He was one of the first people to obtain a PhD in psychology

Conditioned dogs to drool at the sound of a bell *

Ivan Pavlov

Conditioned Little Albert to be afraid of rabbits, dogs, and even fur coats

John Watson

The founder of psychology 140 years ago was

Wilhelm Wundt

The APA is the leading professional organization of psychologists. These initials stand for

American Psychological Association

Conditioned pigeons to read and play ping-pong

B.F. Skinner

Conditioning is accomplished through the use of reinforcements (rewards)

B.F. Skinner

Conditioning is accomplished through repetition of a desired stimulus-response behavior

Classical Conditioning

Carl Rogers developed the humanistic approach to treatment emphasizing the individuality of each individual-

Client-Centered Approach

The largest single subfield of psychology is made up of those who specialize in therapy

Clinical Psychology

The study of psychology should focus on understanding how people learn and think differently.

Cognitive approach

The branch of psychology that deals with criminal behavior

Forensic psychology

The study of psychology should focus on understanding mental processes, especially ideas, feelings, and urges centered in the unconscious mind.

Freudian approach

Which of these theories is associated with the idea that thoughts and behaviors can be understood by determining the purpose that they serve in the mind of the person?

Functionalism

William James should most be associated with the theory / perspective of

Functionalism

The study of psychology should focus on understanding how people perceive situations and events differently.

Gestalt approach

Which of these theories is most applied to the study of perception and optical illusions?

Gestalt theory

The Behaviorist Perspective on Psychology is best summarized as

Human behavior is the result of stimuli present in the environment

The study of psychology should treat people as individuals and should emphasize opportunities for happiness, well-being, and individual fulfillment.

Humanistic approach

Radical behaviorism, as demonstrated by B.F. Skinner, was the belief that

Humans do not have free will, but rather are completely subject to their environment

In Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural theory of learning, "scaffolding" is the idea that

New learning is only possible when built upon established prior knowledge

Which of these theories is associated with the idea that learning depends on a person's progression through stages of mental development?

Piaget / Cognitive

Carl Rogers believed that the most important need that an individual has is the need for

Positive Acceptance - being treated with dignity and concern regardless of who you are or what you do

Wilhelm Wundt should most be associated with the theory / perspective of

Structuralism

Which of these theories is based on the idea that complex thoughts or behaviors can be understood through the process of introspection and breaking the thoughts / behaviors into their component parts?

Structuralist approach

Psychology is best described as

The scientific study of thought and behavior

Because psychology is to be a science, it is important that psychologists

Use precise step-by-step methods to conduct research