Psychology Unit 1 Study Guide
The primary difference between psychologists and psychiatrists is that
Psychologists are PhD's and use therapy; psychiatrists are MD's and can prescribe
Abraham Maslow argued that a person's psychological well-being depended on
Satisfaction of needs
A school psychologist
Addresses psychological issues -- emotional problems, at-risk behaviors, learning disabilities -- in a school setting
Which of these theories is associated with the idea that Psychology is a pure science that can be studied experimentally and that there is no meaningful difference between human and animal behavior?
Behaviorist approach
In order to treat clients independently or teach psychology at the college level, it is necessary to
Earn a doctoral degree in psychology
The Humanistic Perspective in psychology is an extension of Humanist philosophy, which was influenced by figures from the Renaissance such as
Erasmus
Stanley Hall is largely ignored by modern psychology because of his outspoken support for
Eugenics
Which of these theories is based on the idea that thoughts and behaviors are influenced by genetic factors and have changed over time to increase survivability of the human species?
Evolutionary approach
A counselor is someone who
Has a master's degree and a state license; they can provide therapy but must be supervised
Stanley Hall was one of the most significant early psychologists. Among his achievements
He was one of the first people to obtain a PhD in psychology
Conditioned dogs to drool at the sound of a bell *
Ivan Pavlov
Conditioned Little Albert to be afraid of rabbits, dogs, and even fur coats
John Watson
The founder of psychology 140 years ago was
Wilhelm Wundt
The APA is the leading professional organization of psychologists. These initials stand for
American Psychological Association
Conditioned pigeons to read and play ping-pong
B.F. Skinner
Conditioning is accomplished through the use of reinforcements (rewards)
B.F. Skinner
Conditioning is accomplished through repetition of a desired stimulus-response behavior
Classical Conditioning
Carl Rogers developed the humanistic approach to treatment emphasizing the individuality of each individual-
Client-Centered Approach
The largest single subfield of psychology is made up of those who specialize in therapy
Clinical Psychology
The study of psychology should focus on understanding how people learn and think differently.
Cognitive approach
The branch of psychology that deals with criminal behavior
Forensic psychology
The study of psychology should focus on understanding mental processes, especially ideas, feelings, and urges centered in the unconscious mind.
Freudian approach
Which of these theories is associated with the idea that thoughts and behaviors can be understood by determining the purpose that they serve in the mind of the person?
Functionalism
William James should most be associated with the theory / perspective of
Functionalism
The study of psychology should focus on understanding how people perceive situations and events differently.
Gestalt approach
Which of these theories is most applied to the study of perception and optical illusions?
Gestalt theory
The Behaviorist Perspective on Psychology is best summarized as
Human behavior is the result of stimuli present in the environment
The study of psychology should treat people as individuals and should emphasize opportunities for happiness, well-being, and individual fulfillment.
Humanistic approach
Radical behaviorism, as demonstrated by B.F. Skinner, was the belief that
Humans do not have free will, but rather are completely subject to their environment
In Vygotsky's Socio-Cultural theory of learning, "scaffolding" is the idea that
New learning is only possible when built upon established prior knowledge
Which of these theories is associated with the idea that learning depends on a person's progression through stages of mental development?
Piaget / Cognitive
Carl Rogers believed that the most important need that an individual has is the need for
Positive Acceptance - being treated with dignity and concern regardless of who you are or what you do
Wilhelm Wundt should most be associated with the theory / perspective of
Structuralism
Which of these theories is based on the idea that complex thoughts or behaviors can be understood through the process of introspection and breaking the thoughts / behaviors into their component parts?
Structuralist approach
Psychology is best described as
The scientific study of thought and behavior
Because psychology is to be a science, it is important that psychologists
Use precise step-by-step methods to conduct research