PATH 370 Week 7 Quiz
What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?
More prone to hypotension
Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to
Need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy
Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?
No change in serum glucocorticoid level
A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is
Pheochromocytoma
Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension
Portal
Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension
Portal elevated pressure in your portal venous system
It is true that growth hormone excess in adults
Results in the condition of acromegaly
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) It helps move bile and juices from your pancreas into your small intestine. When this valve doesn't work right, it's called SOD
The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature
Steady and boring
It is true that biliary cancer
Tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously
Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include
Tremor
A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is
Tremors
Normal bile is composed of
Water, electrolytes, and organic solutes
________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.
Wilson
In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.
29.1 million
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat
Cerebral edema
What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia?
Chest pain during meals
An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to
Dehydration
Chronic pancreatitis may lead to
Diabetes mellitus a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood sugar (glucose)
What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?
Elevated ferritin
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells
Fat
Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to
Fluid portal hypertension
Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures
Gastric bypass
What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c)
Premature infants are at greater risk for developing
Necrotizing enterocolitis a serious gastrointestinal problem that inflames intestinal tissue, causing it to die
A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B.
Acute
The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction (a partial or complete blockage in the intestine) is
Adhesion
The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is
Adhesion
Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of
Alcohol-induced injury
A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?
Alkaline phosphatase
Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of
Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed and filled with pus
It is true that Graves disease is
Associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors
A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is
Being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids
What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?
Blood and mucus in the stools
Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to
Blood or semen
What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?
Bloody stools
The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is
Cholecystectomy surgical removal of the gallbladder
Most gallstones are composed of
Cholesterol
Jaundice is a common manifestation of
Liver disease
A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as
Goiter
Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
Heartburn
A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for
Helicobacter pylori
An increased urine bilirubin is associated with
Hepatitis
What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?
Hepatitis B
A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is
Hypoglycemia
A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of
Hypoparathyroidism
Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with
Hypothyroidism
The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis
Indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock inflammation of the peritoneum, membrane that lines your inner abdominal wall and covers the organs within your abdomen
Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with
Inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods
Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it
Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is
Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction
Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called
Kernicterus
________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
Obesity
A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of
Octreotide acetate reduces portal and variceal pressures as well as splanchnic and portal-systemic collateral blood flows
The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is
Pain control
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is
Pancreatic β-cell destruction
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of
Pancreatitis
An early indicator of colon cancer is
a change in bowel habits
An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and
absent bowel sounds
More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with
alcoholism
Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ________ in the circulation.
angiotensin II
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is
autoimmune hepatitis
A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is
being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids
Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by
increasing fiber in the diet
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from
blocked cortisol production
Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with
bloody diarrhea
Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to
decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.
Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected
enterocolitis
A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates
functional bowel obstruction
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
gastric ulcer
The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called
glycogenolysis
The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis
hemolysis
A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to
hypocalcemia
A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is
hypokalemia
A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is
hyponatremia
Surgical removal of a gland may result in
hyposecretion
Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with
increased blood ammonia levels.
Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose
The formation of active vitamin D
is impaired in renal failure
The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.
less than 180
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.
low-protein and high-fiber
It is true that gallstones are
more common in women
Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate.
mortality
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with
nonketotic hyperosmolality
Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by
osteoblasts
The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is
pain control
Barrett esophagus is a
preneoplastic lesion.
A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is
regular
Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to
remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion.
In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of
respiratory alkalosis
Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
result from decreased serum ionized calcium
Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.
seventh
A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of
stomatitis
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases
water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney
It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones
Is inhibited by iodine deficiency without enough iodine, your thyroid gland works harder
Untreated acute cholecystitisv may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall
Gangrene condition where a loss of blood supply causes body tissue to die
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is
Gastroesophageal varices
