PATH 370 Week 7 Quiz

What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?

More prone to hypotension

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to

Need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy

Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?

No change in serum glucocorticoid level

A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is

Pheochromocytoma

Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension

Portal

Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension

Portal elevated pressure in your portal venous system

It is true that growth hormone excess in adults

Results in the condition of acromegaly

Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) It helps move bile and juices from your pancreas into your small intestine. When this valve doesn't work right, it's called SOD

The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature

Steady and boring

It is true that biliary cancer

Tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously

Clinical manifestations of Graves disease may include

Tremor

A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is

Tremors

Normal bile is composed of

Water, electrolytes, and organic solutes

________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.

Wilson

In the United States, nearly ________ people have diabetes mellitus.

29.1 million

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat

Cerebral edema

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia?

Chest pain during meals

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to

Dehydration

Chronic pancreatitis may lead to

Diabetes mellitus a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood sugar (glucose)

What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?

Elevated ferritin

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells

Fat

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to

Fluid portal hypertension

Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures

Gastric bypass

What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?

Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c)

Premature infants are at greater risk for developing

Necrotizing enterocolitis a serious gastrointestinal problem that inflames intestinal tissue, causing it to die

A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B.

Acute

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction (a partial or complete blockage in the intestine) is

Adhesion

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is

Adhesion

Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of

Alcohol-induced injury

A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?

Alkaline phosphatase

Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of

Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed and filled with pus

It is true that Graves disease is

Associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors

A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is

Being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids

What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?

Blood and mucus in the stools

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to

Blood or semen

What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?

Bloody stools

The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is

Cholecystectomy surgical removal of the gallbladder

Most gallstones are composed of

Cholesterol

Jaundice is a common manifestation of

Liver disease

A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as

Goiter

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?

Heartburn

A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for

Helicobacter pylori

An increased urine bilirubin is associated with

Hepatitis

What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?

Hepatitis B

A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is

Hypoglycemia

A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of

Hypoparathyroidism

Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with

Hypothyroidism

The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis

Indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock inflammation of the peritoneum, membrane that lines your inner abdominal wall and covers the organs within your abdomen

Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with

Inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it

Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is

Insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called

Kernicterus

________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus

Obesity

A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of

Octreotide acetate reduces portal and variceal pressures as well as splanchnic and portal-systemic collateral blood flows

The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is

Pain control

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is

Pancreatic β-cell destruction

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of

Pancreatitis

An early indicator of colon cancer is

a change in bowel habits

An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and

absent bowel sounds

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with

alcoholism

Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ________ in the circulation.

angiotensin II

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is

autoimmune hepatitis

A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is

being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids

Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by

increasing fiber in the diet

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from

blocked cortisol production

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with

bloody diarrhea

Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to

decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.

Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected

enterocolitis

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates

functional bowel obstruction

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of

gastric ulcer

The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called

glycogenolysis

The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis

hemolysis

A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to

hypocalcemia

A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is

hypokalemia

A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is

hyponatremia

Surgical removal of a gland may result in

hyposecretion

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with

increased blood ammonia levels.

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose

The formation of active vitamin D

is impaired in renal failure

The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.

less than 180

A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.

low-protein and high-fiber

It is true that gallstones are

more common in women

Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate.

mortality

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with

nonketotic hyperosmolality

Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by

osteoblasts

The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is

pain control

Barrett esophagus is a

preneoplastic lesion.

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is

regular

Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to

remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion.

In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of

respiratory alkalosis

Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism

result from decreased serum ionized calcium

Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.

seventh

A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of

stomatitis

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases

water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney

It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones

Is inhibited by iodine deficiency without enough iodine, your thyroid gland works harder

Untreated acute cholecystitisv may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall

Gangrene condition where a loss of blood supply causes body tissue to die

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is

Gastroesophageal varices