Psychology Unit 13: Therapy

counterconditioning

A behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. use of classical conditioning to create a response different from the current learned response. getting a person to react positively to the sight of birds instead of with fear.

antidepressants

A class of drugs that help lift people's mood. Also known as SSRI drugs; primarily treat bipolar disorder- particularly mania. Placebos account for about 75% of depression recovery.

group therapy

A form of psychotherapy that involves one or more therapists working simultaneously with a small group of clients. therapy with multiple clients per session. AA

family therapy

A form of psychotherapy that is based on the assumption that the family is a system and that treats the family as a unit. treats an individual by "curing" the entire family unit. marriage counseling

client-centered therapy

A humanistic therapy based on Carl Roger's beliefs that an individual has an unlimited capacity for psychological growth and will continue to grow unless barriers are placed in the way. Carl Rogers; Acceptance, Genuineness, and Empathy used in active listening with unconditional positive regard. reflective questioning

psychoanalysis

A lengthy insight therapy that was developed by Freud and aims at uncovering conflicts and unconscious impulses through special techniques, including free association, dream analysis, and transference. common prototype for therapy; using free association to explore the unconscious and find childhood roots to problems. was the first type of therapy invented.

lobotomy

A now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain. separating connections to the frontal lobe from emotion centers of the brain through crude methods that is now unpracticed. JFK's sister

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior). popular combination of changing negative thoughts and changing negative behavior. Compliment yourself and exercise to combat depression.

meta-analysis

A procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies. statistically combining many study results. use randomized clinical trials to determine therapy's success.

interpretation

A technique used to explore the meanings of free association, dreams, resistances, and transference feelings. therapist's supposed meanings of comments that promote insight. dream analysis.

psychodynamic therapy

A therapeutic modality based on psychoanalysis with less focus on the early development of pathology. It uses free association, dream analysis, transference, and countertransference. Therapist is actively involved with the client. modern verison of psychoanalysis created by neofruedians. interpersonal version of psychoanalysis

rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A therapy based on Ellis's assertion that individuals develop a psychological disorder because of their beliefs, especially those that are irrational and self-defeating. the goal of REBT is to get clients to eliminate self defeating beliefs by rationally examining them. Albert Ellis; show client the absurdity of their irrational thoughts. swear and curse out a person for being pessimistic

aversive conditioning

A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol). create a negative response to harmful stimuli. drug laced alcohol.

systematic desensitization

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. associate relaxation with gradually increased anxiety causing stimuli. imagination, basement, cobwebs, spider.

insight therapies

A variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses. improve self awareness to find underlying motives or defenses. psychodynamic and humanistic therapy

unconditional positive regard

According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person. total, unconditional acceptance of individual. not judging a person for telling you they have disturbing desires.

virtual reality exposure therapy

An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking. virtual situations of fear- form of exposure therapy virtual airplane flight for those scared of takeoff

eclectic approach

An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy. using various therapy methods from a "toolbox" cognitive-behavioral therapy

psychotherapy

An interaction between a therapist and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief from the problem. therapist uses psychological techniques on patient/client. psychoanalytic

token economy

An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats. operant conditioning technique where tokens create positive reinforcement. billings bucks

exposure therapies

Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid. "facing a fear" and habituating to the anxiety. staying up high until you no longer feel anxious about heights.

evidence-based practice

Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences. using all the available information to pick the best therapy for each patient. using a "toolbox" of therapies

antianxiety drugs

Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation. drugs that reduce anxiety; have severe withdrawal. Xanax

antipsychotic drugs

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder. treat psychosis; generally have major side-effects. Thorazine; can cause tardive dyskinesia.

active listening

Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy. echoe, clarify, and restate questions to client. repeat what client says in different words

resistance

In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material. mental blocks; editing responses to therapist avoiding certain questions

transference

In psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent). relationship emotions get transferred onto the therapist. baseball player video shown in class

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. magnetic pulses to the outer brain cortex to stimulate or depress brain activity. Revolutionary deep-brain stimulation is long lasting and relatively successful.

therapeutic alliance

The relationship between therapist and patient that helps many patients feel hopeful and supported. emotional bond between therapist and client. strong bond creates best results from therapy.

psychopharmacology

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. study of drugs on mind and behavior how antipsychotics effect behavior

behavior therapy

Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. applies learning principles to eliminate maladaptive behavior. flooding

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. brain electrocution therapy for severe depression. Unknown reasons for success.

psychosurgery

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. Permanent brain tissue removal; very rare in today's world. lobotomy

regression toward the mean

the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back (regress) toward their average. tendency for abnormality to return to average. depressed people naturally will get better without therapy- usually.

cognitive therapy

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions. change outlook or ways of thinking to improve emotion. REBT

biomedical therapy

Prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system. using drugs or surgery or other non-therapeutic procedures to treat psychological disorders. lobotomy

resilience

The ability to adapt successfully to even very difficult circumstances. ability to cope and not be disordered from trauma. most 9-11 witnesses did not develop depression or anxiety disorders.