Psychology Unit 3 pt. 2

An adaptation is an inherited physical or behavioral characteristic that a. increases an organism's chance for survival. b. is ecologically disruptive. c. enables an organism to control its environment. d. may or may not benefit the organism. e. has no effect on fitness.

A

Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted a. reproductive success. b. personal happiness. c. cultural diversity. d. heritability. e. behavior genetics.

A

Identical twins originate from the fertilization of a. a single egg cell by a single sperm cell. b. two egg cells by a single sperm cell. c. a single egg cell by two sperm cells. d. two egg cells by two sperm cells. e. either two egg cells or two sperm cells.

A

Research most clearly suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by a. genes than by home environment. b. home environment than by genes. c. genes than by peers. d. home environment than by peers. e. genes than by heredity.

A

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes are called a. genes. b. genomes. c. epigenetics. d. neurotransmitters. e. heredity.

A

Who are likely to show the greatest similarity in personality? a. Ruth and Ramona, identical twins b. Philip and Paul, fraternal twins c. Larry and Laura, brother and sister d. Vincent Sr. and Vincent Jr., father and son e. Elizabeth and Betsy, mother and daughter

A

According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be a. socially prohibited. b. genetically predisposed. c. ecologically disruptive. d. disease-producing. e. learned by association.

B

Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the a. medulla. b. corpus callosum. c. angular gyrus. d. limbic system. e. reticular formation.

B

Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce a. aphasia. b. epileptic seizures. c. depression. d. neural plasticity. e. reward deficiency syndrome.

B

Researchers found that women rated men higher as potential long-term mates when they spent more time looking at baby pictures. This finding suggests that a. women are drawn to youthful, healthy appearing men. b. women prefer men who express interest in caring for joint offspring. c. men approach sex as being more relational. d. women have a lower threshold for perceiving warm responses as sexual. e. men are less attracted to women who are likely to reproduce.

B

A random error in gene replication is known as a a. DNA. b. genome. c. mutation. d. natural selection. e. heritability.

C

A researcher who assesses the heritability of intelligence is most likely a(n) a. humanist. b. evolutionary psychologist. c. behavior geneticist. d. social psychologist. e. behaviorist.

C

Assessing the relative effects of nature and nurture on individual differences in personality would be of most direct interest to a. evolutionary psychologists. b. humanistic psychologists. c. behavior geneticists. d. Freudian psychologists. e. psychometricians.

C

DNA is a complex a. sex hormone. b. action potential. c. molecule. d. synapse. e. neuron.

C

Identical twins separated at birth would be most likely to have similar a. political ideas. b. religious beliefs. c. personality. d. norms. e. food preferences.

C

Split-brain patients have had their ________ surgically cut. a. hippocampus b. limbic system c. corpus callosum d. sensory cortex e. reticular formation

C

The personalities of adopted children a. are very similar to the personalities of the other children in their adoptive families. b. are very similar to the personalities of their biologically related siblings. c. are not very similar to the personalities of their adoptive parents. d. are more similar to the personalities of their caregiving adoptive parents than to the personalities of their biological parents. e. are usually not related to their temperaments.

C

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and personality traits is known as a. epigenetics. b. evolutionary psychology. c. behavior genetics. d. natural selection. e. genome research.

C

Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by a. hormones. b. nurture. c. heredity. d. natural selection. e. environment.

C

What is the interdisciplinary study of how brain activity is linked with our mental processes called? a. social-cultural perspective b. psychodynamic perspective c. cognitive neuroscience d. industrial-organizational psychology e. biopsychosocial approach

C

When people discuss the "nature vs. nurture" controversy, Nature refers to ________ and Nurture refers to ________. a. genes; heredity b. chromosomes; genetics c. biology; environment d. DNA; hormones e. thinking; behavior

C

Compared with identical twins, fraternal twins are a. less likely to be the same sex and more likely to be similar in extraversion. b. more likely to be the same sex and more likely to be similar in extraversion. c. more likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion. d. less likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion. e. less likely to be the same sex and equally likely to be similar in extraversion.

D

Compared with women, men are ________ likely to sacrifice to gain sex and ________ likely to perceive warm responses as a sexual come-on. a. less; more b. more; less c. not; less d. more; more e. not; more

D

Consciousness is a. the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember. b. the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. c. effortless encoding of incidental information into memory. d. our awareness of ourselves and our environment. e. brain waves that indicate we are not reacting to a stimulus.

D

Evolutionary psychology studies the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of a. humanism. b. behaviorism. c. naturalistic observation. d. natural selection. e. genome mapping.

D

Fraternal twins originate from the fertilization of a. a single egg cell by a single sperm cell. b. two egg cells by a single sperm cell. c. a single egg cell by two sperm cells. d. two egg cells by two sperm cells. e. a divided egg cell and one sperm cell.

D

The diversity of human traits is enabled by our shared a. individualism. b. chromosomes. c. natural selection. d. adaptive capacity. e. genome.

D

The threadlike structures that contain genes are called a. synapses. b. hormones. c. neurons. d. chromosomes. e. genomes.

D

Women are most likely to be sexually attracted to men who seem a. shy and reserved. b. emotionally reactive and intense. c. interested in recreational sex. d. mature and affluent. e. extraverted and dependent.

D

Chromosomes are composed of a. hormones. b. synapses. c. nuclei. d. neurotransmitters. e. deoxyribonucleic acid

E

Epigenetics refers to the a. influences that affect our mating decisions. b. factors that trigger us to behave aggressively towards others. c. the study of how men and women respond to sex hormones. d. the way that genes solely create our personalities. e. the study of how the environment triggers genetic expression.

E

Natural selection acts on a. proteins. b. cells. c. individuals. d. siblings. e. populations.

E

Put the following terms in order, from smallest to largest. a. chromosomes, genes, DNA b. genes, chromosomes, DNA c. DNA, genes, chromosomes d. DNA, chromosomes, genes e. genes, DNA, chromosomes

E

Studies of identical twins who had been reared apart most clearly highlight the importance of ________ in personality development. a. natural selection b. mutation c. adoptive relatives d. home environments e. genetic predispositions

E

Chromosomes are located within human a. cells. b. genes. c. neurotransmitters. d. molecules. e. unconscious.

a