Psychology Unit 4

15.1 Review You are a contestant on Jeopardy! and it's your turn. you say"i'll take history of therapies for $100." The answer is, "He began the movement for humane treatment of the mentally ill." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say

"Who was Philippe Pinel"

Venting Frustration

-Aggression: actions meant to harm or destroy. -Escape or Withdrawal; leaving the presence of a stressor

Human social activity Altruism

-An unselfish interest in helping someone else

Stress and you Cardiovascular Disease

-Chronic emotional stress -major life changes increase risk -Early death

Systematic Desensitization

-Develop Hierarchy of fearful scenes -learn relaxation techniques -apply relaxation while imagining fearful scenes

Generalized anxiety disorder

-Persistent anxiety for at least 6 months -inability to specify reasons for the anxiety

Attitude Change : The Act of Persuasion Message (rational versus emotional strategy)

-elaboration likelihood model -central route -peripheral route

Electroconvulsive Therapy

-small electric current produces a brief seizure -used to treat major depressive disorder which has not responded to other treatments. -deep brain stimulation

Central-route Processing & Peripheral-route processing

CRP: Type of information processing that involves attending to the content of the message itself PRP: Type of information processing that involves attending to factors not involved in the message, such as the appearance of the source of the message, the length of the message, and other noncontent factors

15.2 Psychotherapy Begins: Freud's Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing revealing of unconscious conflicts -Dream interpretation -Free association

Hailey, a Professor, is discussing the case of Roy, a patient with a Psychological disorder, with her students. Hailey says that Roy often feels he is being followed by international spies who are plotting to kidnap him. She also states that Roy makes little sense when he talks and displays unusual body movement. In the scenario, Hailey is most likely discussing the case Roy to explain

Scizozphrenia

Evidence based Treatment (EBT)

Also called empirically supported treatment refers to interventions, strategies, or techniques that have been found to produce therapeutic and desired changes during controlled research studies

12.10-12.15 Review Paula tumbles down the steps and twists her ankle. Parker, a passerby, stops to help paula. He helps her to her car and drives her to the hospital so that she gets immediate treatment. Once she is with the doctor, he leaves, leaving Paula with no way to contact him. In the context of prosocial behavior, Parker has best demonstrating

Altruism

Antianxiety Drugs/Bipolar Disorder

Antianxiety drugs: tranquilizers Bipolar drugs: Lithium

____ is a psychological disorder that is characterized by guilelessness, law breaking, exploitation or others, Irresponsibility and deceit

Antisocial personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD): a person has no morals or conscience and often behaves in an impulsive manner without regard for the consequences of that behavior -Development of the disorder is contributed by genetic and environmental factors -people with an antisocial or alcoholic parent are at risk -This disorder is common for prisoners/crimminals

Psychological disorder

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes them to harm themselves or to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life

Conformity

Asch's Experiment (1951) -Factors that contribute to conformity -Psychology: -informational social influence -Normative social influence -Biological -Brain equates non-conformity with making an error -oxytocin promotes conformity -Cultural -collectivism promotes conformity

12.1-12.4 Review Dr.McCalll found that student performance was poor when students worked in groups compared to when student worked in groups compared to when each student worked on an individual project. In the context of group influence, this difference in performance can be explained with the concept of?

B. Social loafing

Victoria has notices that Rose her roommate, experiences extreme shifts in her moods and behavior. Of late, Victoria notices that, Rose is unusually energetic and optimistic even though she hasn't been sleeping much. She is highly distractible and delusional. This period of euphoria has lasted more that a week and is in sharp contrast to the depression and fatigue Rose exhibited in the previous semester. Rose is most likely to be diagnosed with

Bipolar disorder

Social loafing

People who are lazy tend not to do as well when others are also working on same task but when working on their own perform well. -Found in individualistic cultures

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Diagnosis and symptoms -Symptoms develop as a result of exposure to a traumatic event, oppressive situation, natural or unnatural disasters. -flashbacks -avoidance of emotional experience -anxiety, excessive arousal -difficulties with memory and concentration

Specific Phobia

Diagnosis and symptoms -an irrational, and overwhelming, persistent fear of particular object or situation (spider phobia)

Cognitive dissonance theory

Discomfort caused by two dissonant thought -Thoughts of one's attitude versus one's behavior Dissonance reduced by -Changing behaviors to match attitude -changing attitudes to match behavior

Group Therapy

Form of therapy of treatment during which a small group of clients with similar concerns meet together with a therapist to address their issues

general adaption syndrome (GAS) Selye

Impact of Stress -alarm -resistance -exhaustion

Philippe Pinel

In 1793, a French Physician, argued that treatments should be based on what actually works to reduce psychopathogy

The Bystander Effect

Individuals are less likely to help in an emergency when others are present

Burnout

Negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration, resulting in both mental and physical exhaustion

14.6-14.18 Allison had sustained severe injuries after being attacked by a dog as a child. After the incident, Allison has been experiencing an overwhelming sense of fear and paralysis every time she sees a dog. The fear is so intense that it keeps Allison from leaving the house. Allison believes that as long as is inside her house, the chances of encountering a dog are slim, in the context of Psychological disorders, Allison is most likely to be diagnosed with?

Specific Phobia

Self-fulfilling Prophecy

The tendency of on's expectations to affect one's behavior in such a way as to make the expectation more likely to occur

Reflection

The therapist restates what the client says rather than interpreting those statements

Cognitive therapy

Therapy in which the focus is on helping clients recognize distortions in their thinking and replace distorted, unrealistic beliefs with more realistic, helpful thoughts

Major life stressors

Uncontrollable catastrophic events

15.2 -15.3 Review You are searching for a therapist who specializes in psychoanalysis. This therapist can help you identify unconscious conflicts that are affecting your life by

Using techniques such as free association and dream analysis

12.5-12.9 Review In the context of the pathways of persuasion identified by the elaboration likelihood model, which of the following is a difference between the central and peripheral routes to persuasion

When compared with the peripheral route, the central route is more effective when people have the ability and the motivation to pay attention

11.1-11.3 Review After weeks of being taunted by her so called "friends" at school and asking them to stop taunting her, Shayla begins to actively avoid them whenever possible. Her reaction to this frustration is BEST described as ___.

Withdrawal

14.1-14.3 Review Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called

a Psychological disorder

14.11-14.12 As a serious dancer, Petra watches what she eats. She knows that she is underweight but fears that if she starts eating more, she will get fat. In addition to a preoccupation with food, she has also stopped menstruating, Petra's behavior suggests that she might be suffering from.

anorexia nervosa

15.1-15.12 Review Tranquilizers are ____ drugs

antianxiety

15.4-15.5 Review Judy thinks she is depressed over her teacher's criticism of her paper. Judy's therapist explains to her that Judy's own illogical belief that the criticism means she is stupid. Is really why she is depressed. Judy is likely to be seeing a therapist who is providing _____ therapy.

cognitive

15.8-15.9 Review In the context of Psychotherapy _____ is an approach to treating psychological disorders that advocates making treatment decisions based on the body of research that has shown which type of therapy works best.

evidence-based treatment

15.6-15.7 Review Dr. White is a therapist who believes that his client can benefit from observing others who are coping with a similar problem and, that helping others cope can in turn improve their feelings of competence and efficacy. He stresses that it is important that his clients who share a particular psychological disorder communicate with each other. According to this information, it can be inferred that Dr. White conducts

group therapy