PTE- fill in the blanks - May 2019

The few people who live in Alaska's Aleutian Islands have long been accustomed to shipwrecks. They have been part of local consciousness since a Japanese whaling ship ran _________ near the western end of the 1,100-mile (1,800-km) volcanic ____________ in 1780, inadvertently naming what is now Rat Island when the ship's infestation ____________ ashore and made itself at home. Since then, there have been at least 190 shipwrecks in the islands. wit

AGROUND ARCHIPELAGO SCURRIED

Essays are used as an assessment tool to __________ your ability to research a topic and construct an _____________ , as well as your understanding of subject content. This does not mean that essays are a 'regurgitation' of everything your lecturer has said ____________ the course. Essays are your opportunity to explore in greater ___________ aspects of the course - theories, Issues, texts, etc. - and in some cases relate these aspects to a _____________ context. It is your opportunity to articulate your ideas, but in a ________________ way: using formal academic style.

EVALUATE ARGUMENT THROUGHOUT DEPTH PARTICULAR CERTAIN

Twelve hundred miles east of Australia lie the islands of New Zealand...

Lie Discovered Notable System Estimated

All approaches aim to increase blood flow to areas of tension and to release painful knots __________ muscle known as "trigger points". 'Trigger points are tense areas of muscle that are almost constantly contracting," says Kipper.. "The contraction causes pain, which in turn causes contraction, so you have a vicious circle. This is what deep tissue massage aims to break." The way to do this, as I found out under Ogedengbe elbow, is to apply pressure__________ the point, stopping the blood flow, and then to release, which causes the brain to flood the affected area __________ blood, encouraging the muscle to relax. At the same time, says Kippen, you can fool the tensed muscle__________ relaxing by applying pressure to a complementary one nearby.

OF TO WITH INTO

The most common reasons for carrying out a detailed medical examination...

Reasons Establish Knowledge Involves

A dog may be man's best friend. But man is not always a dog's. Over the centuries ______________ breeding has pulled at the canine body shape to produce what is often a grotesque distortion of the underlying wolf. Indeed, some of these distortions are, when found in people, regarded as ____________________.

SELECTIVE PATHOLOGIES

Higher education qualifications provide a substantial _________ in the labour market. Higher education graduates are less likely to be_____________ and tend to have ____________ Incomes than those without such qualifications. Having a highly educated workforce can also lead to Increased productivity and innovation and make Australia more ______________ in the global market.

ADVANTAGE UNEMPLOYED HIGHER COMPETITIVE

[ version 1 ] Dog breeding does, though, offer a chance to those who would like to understand how body shape is controlled. The __________ of pedigree pooches is well recorded, their generation time is short and their ___________ size reasonably large, so there is plenty of material to work with. ______________, breeds are, by definition, inbred, and this simplifies genetic analysis. Those such as Elaine Ostrander, of America's National Human Genome Research Institute, who wish to identify the genetic basis of the features of particular pedigrees thus have an ____________ animal.

ANCESTRY LITTER MOREOVER IDEAL EXPERIMENTAL

Thomas Alva Edison was ___________ a scientist and an inventor. When he was born in 1847, Edison would see ____________ change take place in his lifetime. He was also to be responsible for making many of those changes occur. When Edison was born, society still thought of electricity as a _________, a fad. By the time he died, entire cities were lit by electricity. Much of the credit for that progress goes to Edison. In his lifetime, Edison patented 1,093 inventions, earning him the nickname "The Wizard of Menlo Park. " The most famous of his inventions was the incandescent light bulb. Besides the light bulb, Edison ______________ the phonograph and the "kinescope, "a small box for viewing moving films. Thomas Edison is also the first person in the US to make his own filmstrip. He also ______________ upon the original design of the stock ticker, the telegraph, and Alexander Graham Bell's telephone. He believed in hard work, sometimes working twenty hours a day or more, depending upon the situation. He has been known to spend several days working on a project without sleep until it worked. Edison was quoted as saying, "Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. " In ____________ to this important American, electric lights in the United States were dimmed for one minute on October 21, 1931, a few days after his death.

BOTH TREMENDOUS NOVELTY DEVELOPED IMPROVED TRIBUTE

Leonard Lauder, chief executive of the company his mother founded, says she always thought she 'was growing a nice little business." And that it is. A little business that ____________ 45% of the cosmetics market in the U.S department stores. A little business that sells in 118 countries and last year grew to be $3.6 billion big in sales. The Lauder family's shares are worth more than $6 billion. But early on, there wasn't burgeoning business, there weren't houses in New York, Palm Beach, Fla., or the south of France. It is said that at one point there was one person to answer the telephones who ___________ her voice to become the shipping or billing department as needed. You more or less know the Estee Lauder story because it's a chapter from the book of American business folklore. In short, Josephine Esther Mentzer, daughter of immigrants, lived above her father's hardware store in Corona, a section of Queens in New York City. She started her _______________ by selling skin creams concocted by her uncle, a chemist, in beauty shops, beach clubs and resorts. No doubt the potions were good - Estee Lauder was a quality fantastic-but the sales lady better. Much better and she simple outworked everyone else in the cosmetics industry. She ___________ the bosses of New York City department until she got some counter space at Saks Fifth Avenue in 1948. And once in that space, she utilized a personal selling approach that proved as ___________ as the promise of her skin regimens and perfumes.

CONTROLS CHANGED ENTERPRISE STALKED POTENT

4. I am a cyclist and a motorist. I fasten my seat belt when I drive and wear a helmet on my bike to reduce the risk of injury. I am convinced these are prudent safety measures. I have persuaded many friends to wear helmets on the grounds that transplant surgeons call those without helmets "donors on wheels". But John Adams in the department of geography has made me do something rather awful. He has made me re-examine my deeply held _____________. Adams has completely _____________ my confidence in these apparently, sensible precautions. What he has persuasively argued, particularly in relation to seat belts, is that the evidence that they do what they are supposed to do is very suspect. This is ___________ of numerous claims that seat belts save many thousands of lives every year. There is remarkable data on the years 1970 to 1978 countries in which the wearing of seat belts is _____________ had on average about 5 per cent more road accident deaths following introduction of the law.

CONVICTIONS UNDERMINED IN SPITE COMPULSORY

From the wolves' perspective, this is clearly good news. But it also had beneficial effects on the ecology of the park, according to a study published in 2004 by William Ripple and Robert Beschta from Oregon State University. In their paper in BioScience, the two researchers showed that reintroducing the wolves was ____________ with increased growth of willow and cottonwood in the park. Why? Because grazing animals such as elk were _____________ sites from which they couldn't easily escape, the scientists MIMEO. And as the woody plants and trees grew taller and thicker, beaver ___________ expanded.

CORRELATED AVOIDING COLONIES

6. No one in Parliament would know better than Peter Garrett what largesse copyright can confer so it may seem right that he should announce a royalty for artists, amounting to 5 per cent of all sales after the original one, which can go on giving to their families for as much as 150 years. But that ignores the truth that copyright law Is a scandal, recently _______________ by the Free Trade Agreement with the US which required extension of copyright to 70 years after death. Is it scandalous that really valuable copyrights end up in the ownership of corporations (although Agatha Christie's no-doubt worthy great-grandchildren are still _______________ the benefits of West End success for her whodunnits and members of the Garrick Club enjoy the continuing fruits of A.A. Milne's Christopher Robin books)? No. The __________ is that been pennants politicians have attempted to appear cultured by creating private assets which depend on an act of Parliament for their existence and by giving away much more in value than any public benefit could ___________. In doing so they have betrayed our trust.

EXACERBATED REAPING SCANDAL JUSTIFY

Students are increasingly finding it necessary to obtain employment in order to subsidize their income during their time in higher education. The ______ income helps to pay for necessities, to maintain a social life and to buy clothes, and holding a part-time job helps students to _________ skills for life after university or college. Using a part-time job to cut down on borrowing is a sound investment, as it reduces the __________ that will be waiting to be paid off after graduation. How many hours' students are currently working each week during term-time is not really certain? Some institutions advise that students should not work more than ten hours a week, and there we others that set a higher recommend ___________ of fifteen hours a week. There is no doubt that some students ______________ even fifteen hours a week.

EXTRA GAIN DEBT LIMIT EXCEED

DNA barcoding w. invented by Paul Hebert of the University of Guelph. in Ontario Canada in 2003. His Idea was to _____________ a unique identification tag for each species based on a short _____________ of DNA. Separating species would then. A simple task of sequencing this tiny bit of DNA. Dr. Heben proposed pan of a gene called cytochrome oxidase I (C01) as suitable to the task. All animals have it. It seems to vary enough, but not too muds, to act as a reliable marker. And it is easily ____________ because It is one of a handful of genes found outside the cell nucleus in structures called mitochondria. Bar coding has taken off rapidly since Dr Hebert invented it. When the idea was proposed, it was expected to be a __________ to taxonomists trying to name Me world's millions of specks. It has, however, proved to have a far wider range of uses than the merely aradernic—most promisingly in the ___________ of public health. One health-related project is the Mosquito Barcoding Initiative being run by Yvonne-Marie Linton of the Natural History Museum in London. This aims to bar code 80% of the world's mosquitoes within the next two years, to help control mosquito-borne diseases. Mosquitoes are ______________ for half a billion malarial infections and 1M death every year. They also _________ devastating diseases such as yellow fever, West Nile fever and dengue. However, efforts to control them are consistently ___________ by the difficulty and expense of identifying mosquitoes—of which there are at least 3,500 species, many of them hard to tell apart.

GENERATE STRETCH EXTRACTED BOON REALM RESPONSIBLE TRANSMIT UNDERMINED

Learning is a process by which behavior or knowledge changes as a result of experience. Learning from experience plays a major role ________ enabling us to do many things that we clearly were not born to do, from the simplest tasks, such as flipping a light switch, to the more complex, such as playing a musical Instrument. To many people, the term steaming' signifies the _________ that students do reading, listening, and taking tests, in order to acquit new Information. This process, which Is known as cognitive learning, is just _______ type of learning, however, another way that we learn Is by associative learning, which IS the focus of this module. You probably ________ __________ holidays with specific sights, sounds, and smells, or foods with specific flavors and textures. We are not the only ___________ with this skill even the simplest animals such as the earthworm can learn by association.

IN ACTIVITIES ONE ASSOCIATE CERTAIN SPECIES

Want to know what will make you happy? Then ask a total stranger --or so says a new study from Harvard University, which shows that another person's experience is often more _____________ than your own best guess. The study, which appears in the current issue of Science, was led by Daniel Gilbert, professor of psychology at Harvard and author of the 2007 bestseller "Stumbling on Happiness," along with Matthew Killingsworth and Rebecca Eyre, also of Harvard, and Timothy Wilson of the University of Virginia. "If you want to know how much you will enjoy an experience, you are better off knowing how much someone else enjoyed it than knowing anything about the experience itself," says Gilbert. "Rather than closing our eyes and _______________ the future ,we should examine the experience of those who have been there." or Previous research in psychology, neuroscience, and behavioral economics has shown that people have difficulty predicting what they will like and how much they will like it, which ________ them to make a wide variety of poor decisions. Interventions aimed at _________ the accuracy with which people imagine future events have been generally unsuccessful.

INFORMATIVE IMAGINING LEADS IMPROVING

[MTRA: M (most), T (transcription), R (Reality), A (not sure)] The precise relationship between fiction and life has been debated extensively. ____________ modern critics agree that, whatever its apparent factual content or verisimilitude, fiction is finally to be regarded as a structured imitation of life and should not be confused with a literal _____________ of life itself. While fiction is a work of the imagination rather than _____________, it can also be based closely on real events, sometimes experienced by the author. In a work of fiction, the author is not the same ________ the narrator, the voice that tells the story. Authors maintain a distance from their characters. Sometimes that distance is obvious for instance, if a male writer tells a story from the point of view of a female character. Other times it is not so obvious, especially if we know something of the author's life and there are clear connections between the story and the author s life. The writer of fiction Is free to choose his or her subject matter and is free to invent, select, and ____________ fictional elements to ______________ his or her purpose. The elements of fiction are the different components that make up a work of fiction. ___________ literature explores a theme or significant truth expressed in various elements such as character, plot, setting, point of view, style, and tone that are essential and specific to each work of fiction. _________ of these elements bind a literary work into a consistent whole and give it unity. Understanding these elements can help the reader gain insight _______ life, human motives, and experience. Such insight is one of the principal __________ of an effective work of fiction; when readers are __________ to perceive it, they develop a sense of literary judgment that is capable of enriching their lives. The following sections describe elements that should be considered in the ___________ of fiction.

MOST TRANSCRIPTION REALITY AS ARRANGE ACHIEVE ALL ALL ABOUT AIMS ABLE ANALYSIS

Progressive enhancement is a design practice based on the idea that instead _____ __________ for the least capable browser, or mangling our code to make a site look the same in every browser, we should provide a core set of functionality and information to all users, and ______ ____________ enhance the appearance and behavior of the site for users of more capable browsers. It's a very productive development practice. _______ ______ __________ bows working out how to add drop shadows to the borders of an element in every browser, we simply use the standards-based approach for browsers that support it and don't even attempt to Implement it in browsers that don't. After all, the users of older and less capable browsers won't know what they are missing. THE BIGGEST ________ to progressive enhancement is the belief among developers and clients that websites should look the same in every browser. As a developer, you can simplify your life and dedicate your time to more interesting challenges if you let go of this outdated notion and embrace progressive enhancement.

OF DESIGNING THEN PROGRESSIVELY INSTEAD OF SPENDING CHALLENGE

16. School-to-work transition is a historically __________ topic of educational policy making and reform that impacts national systems of vocational education and training. The ___________ process refers to a period between completion of general education and the beginning of vocational education or the beginning of gainful employment as well as to training systems, institutions, and programs that prepare young people for careers. The status passage of youth from school-to-work has changed structurally under late modernism, and young people are ____________ to adapt to changing demands of their environment especially when planning for entry into the labour market. Since the transition to a job is seen as a major success in life, youth who manage this step successfully are more ____________ about their future; still others are disillusioned and pushed to the margins of society. While some young people have developed successful strategies to cope with these requirements, those under educated and otherwise disadvantaged in society often face serious problems when trying to prepare for careers. Longer transitions lead to a greater vulnerability and to _______ behaviors.

PERSISTENT TRANSITION FORCED OPTIMISTIC RISKY

Crime prevention has a long history in Australia, and in other parts of the world. In all societies, people have tried to _________ themselves and those close to them from assaults and other abuses. Every time someone locks the door to their house or their car, they practice A FORM OF prevention. Most parents want their children to learn to be law abiding and not spend extended Periods of their lives in prison. In this country, at least, most succeed. Only a small minority of young people become recidivist offenders. In a functioning society crime prevention is part of everyday life. While prevention can be all-pervasive at the grassroots. It is oddly neglected in mass media and political discourses. When politicians, talk back radio hosts and newspaper editorialize pontificate about crime and POSSIBLE remedies, it is comparatively rare for THEM TO mention prevention. Overwhelmingly, emphasis is on policing, sentencing and other 'law and order' responses.

PROTECT

The trigger point causes the rest of the fibre segments to be __________ to capacity. It becomes a tight band. Normally the regular contracting and releasing of these little segments circulates blood in the capillaries that supply them (the segments) with their nutrients. When they hold this ___________, blood flow is stopped to that area, there is not an oxygen supply, and waste products are not ___________ out. The trigger point then sends out pain signals until the trigger point is put in a position of rest again.

STRETCHED CONTRACTION PUSHED

To one extent or another, this view of reality is one many of us hold, if only implicitly. I certainly find myself ________ this way in day-to-day life; it's easy to be ____________ by the face nature reveals directly to our senses. Yet, in the decades since the first _____________ Camus' text, I've learned that modern science ___________ a very different story.

THINKING SEDUCED ENCOUNTERING TELLS

19. By 2025, government experts say, America's skies will swarm with three ______________ as many planes, and not just the kind of traffic flying today. There will be _______________ of tiny __________, seating six or fewer, at airliner ____________, competing for space with remotely operated drones that need help avoiding mid-air _____________, and with commercially operated rockets carrying _____________ and tourists into space.

TIMES THOUSANDS JETS ALTITUDES COLUSIONS SATELLITES

By the Bronze Age, drinking ____________ were being made of sheet metal, primarily bronze or gold. However, the peak of feasting-and in particular, of the 'political' type of feast- came in the late Hallstatt period (about 600- 450 BC), soon after the foundation of the Greek _________ of Massalia (Marseille) at the mouth of the Mine. From that date on, the blood of the grape began to make its way north and east along with major river systems together with imported metal and ceramic drinking vessels from the Greek world. _____________ was thus added to the list of mood- altering beverages such as mead and ale (see coloured text below) - available to establish social networks in Iron Age Europe. Attic pottery fragments found at Hillforts such as Heuneburg in Germany and luxury goods such as the monumental 5th century Greek bronze krater (or wine-mixing vessel) found at Vix in Burgundy supply archaeological evidence of this interaction. Organic ___________ such as leather or wooden wine barrels may also have travelled north into Europe but have not survived. It is unknown what goods were ___________ in return, but they may have Included salted meat, hides, timber, amber and slaves.

VESSELS COLONY WINE CONTAINERS TRADED

14.The most ____________ ingredient in Indian cooking, the _________ element with which all dishes begin and, normally, the cheapest vegetable available, the pink onion is an essential item in the shopping basket of families of all classes. A popular saying holds that you will never starve because you can always afford a roti (a piece of simple, flat bread) and an onion. But in recent weeks, the onion has started to seem an unaffordable __________ for India's poor. Over the past few days, another sharp ___________ in prices has begun to unsettle the influential urban middle classes. The sudden spike in prices has been caused by large exports to neighboring countries and a shortage of __________. But the ____________ follows a trend of rising consumer prices across the board — from diesel fuel to cement, from milk to lentils.

VITAL BASIC LUXURY SURGE SUPPLY INCREASE

15. During the day, the sun heats up both the ocean surface and the land. __________ Is a good absorber of the energy from the sun. The land absorbs much of the sun's energy as well. However, water heats up much more slowly than land and so the air above the land will be __________ compared to the air over the ocean. The warm air over the land will rise throughout the day, causing low pressure at the surface. Over the water, high surface pressure will form because of the colder air. To ___________, the air will sink over the ocean. The wind will blow from the higher pressure over the water to lower pressure over the land causing the sea breeze. The sea breeze strength will vary depending on the temperature _______________ between the land and the ocean.

WATER WARMER COMPENSATE DIFFERENCE