Public Health

Foodnet stands for "Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network" and one of their objectives is to determine the burden of foodborne illness in the US

Which is true concerning Foodnet?

cattle, sheep and goats, pigs (NOT Horses!)

Which of the following animals are susceptible to foot and mouth disease?

transboundary disease

Which of the following is a new term that is used by many international documents to describe foreign animal diseases?

World Organization for Animal Health

Which of the following is the official name for the organization with the acronym OIE?

eliminate/minimize contact with rodents

Which of the following is/are currently available ways to prevent hantavirus infection in humans?

Direct transmission

A child acquired a dermatophyte infection from hugging her long-haired cat. This is an example of what type of disease transmission?

90 days

A client's dog that is NOT currently vaccinated for rabies is exposed to a potentially rabid skunk. The skunk is not available for testing and the owner decides to isolate rather than immediately euthanize the dog. According to Texas law, how long must dog be isolated?

3 vaccinations

A dog in the Brazos Cty, Texas that was not current on its rabies vaccinations was bitten by a skunk. The skunk could not be captured for testing. How many rabies vaccinations does the dog need to receive while in isolation?

service animal

A seizure alert dog would be considered which of the following?

No, the veterinarian was not correct. A ten day quarantine is required by Texas law.

A stray dog bit a woman who tried to protect her Yorkie. A veterinarian told her that it took 14 days of of rabies quarantine to rule out rabies risk to her. Would you agree?

30 days

A wolf hybrid bites your tech during a routine exam. The animal has never been vaccinated for rabies. The owner chooses to quarantine rather than immediately euthanize and submit for brain testing. What is the required length for quarantine?

Between three and four months of age

According to Texas law, dogs and cats must receive their first rabies vaccinations at what age?

zooprophylaxis

Active/passive use of animals to divert vector bites away from humans would be an example of which of the following?

Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae, Rabies

An example of anthropozoonosis?

A certified therapists/health care professional uses an animal as a treatment modality in a written individualized treatment plan with specific documented goals

Animal-assisted therapy?

Bats, skunks, coyotes, raccoons, foxes

High risk species for rabies

30 days

How many days does it take after a dog or cat's first rabies vaccination before the animal is considered "currently vaccinated" in the eyes of the law?

30 days

How many days does it take after a dog or cat's first rabies vaccination for the animal to be considered "currently vaccinated" in the eyes of the law?

240 hours

If a dog or cat bites a person, how long is the quarantine period for the dog/cat from the time of the bite?

10 days

In texas, if a dog or cat bites a person, how long is the quarantine period for the dog or cat from the time of the bite?

Campylobacter jejuni

Most common cause of Campylobacter diarrhea in humans?

hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Most hantavirus infections in Europe and Asia are associated with what clinical signs in infected humans?

True

True or false: Reservoirs for listeria monocytogenes include soil, vegetation, and the GI tract of carrier animals

True

True or false: Salmonella has many potential animal reservoirs, and they are often asymptomatically infected.

True

True or false: Salmonella, E.Coli O157:H7, and Campylobacter can be transmitted to humans via direct contact in addition to the foodborne route.

True

True or false: Since the monkeypox outbreak of 2003, it is now illegal to import african-origin rodents into the US without a special permit.

True

True or false: Windborne transmission has been documented for foot and mouth disease.

False

True or false: low risk species for rabies (for example, squirrels and rabbits) are considered low risk because they are not capable of becoming infected with or transmitting the rabies virus.

metazoonosis

West Nile Virus circulates between birds via mosquitoes. Humans can become infected when bitted by an infected mosquito. What type of agent is WNV?

USDA-APHIS

What agency is responsible for administering the Animal Welfare Act?

meat must be used for personal use and cannot be sold

What does it mean when an animal is slaughtered under a "custom slaughter exemption"?

Pan American Health Organization

What does the acronym PAHO stand for?

states seeking federal emergency management agency (FEMA) assistance must accommodate pets and service animals in their plans for evacuating residents facing disasters

What does the federal PETS Act say?

Simba's Law

What is another name for Texas House Bill 88, which mandates pet evacuation with humans in the state of Texas?

Human and animal medicine should grow closer together rather than further apart

What is the basic concept of one health?

Development and implementation of control and mitigation strategies to prevent or reduce microbial, chemical, and physical contamination of food

What is the definition of food safety?

cattle

What is the most important reservoir for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), including E. Coli O157:H7?

USDA

What organization is responsible for regulating animal vaccines in the US?

USDA-FSIS

What organization is responsible for the safety of meat, poultry, and processed egg products?

using AND between words narrows the obtained search results, while using OR between words broadens the obtained search results

When searching in pubmed...

cats

Which acts as a definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii?

FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA-CVM)

Which agency regulates the manufacture and distribution of drugs and food additives used in animals?

poultry and cattle

Which are principal reservoirs of campylobacter?

those present in US produce respiratory clinical signs in humans, rodents shed virus in urine, droppings, and saliva

Which are true of hantaviruses?

Ante-mortem exam of food animals prior to slaughter, post-mortem exam of food animals, sanitary processing of food animals and packing of their products, proper storage of food products

aspects of post-harvest food safety

vaccinate dogs immediately and place them in 45 day isolation

two currently vaccinated dogs were found playing with a live rabid bat. What post-exposure procedures are required to protect the dogs and the dogs' family from rabies?

False

True or false: Reptiles are the principal reservoir of campylobacter

Turtles less than 4 inches in length cannot be sold as pets in the US

Because of the high risk of Salmonella infection associated with reptiles, what law has been in place since 1975?

Reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet. Little of no indication of reduced food intake

Definition of Low Food Security?

The collaborative effort of multiple disciplines working locally, nationally, and globally to attain sustainable optimal health for the ecosystem.

Definition of One Health?

The sum of all contributions to the physical, mental and social well-being of humans through an understanding and application of veterinary science.

Definition of Veterinary Public Health?

protection of food products from intentional adulteration by biological, chemical, physical, or radiological agents

Definition of food defense?

Access of all people all the time to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life

Definition of food security?

Sanitary statistics, infectious disease, chronic disease, eco-epidemiology

Eras in the evolution of modern epidemiology in chronological order?

Public Good

Food safety is considered which of the following?

Disease causes high morbidity in infected adult cattle (DOES NOT CAUSE HIGH MORTALITY), highly contagious, vaccines are highly specific and do not provide cross-protection between serotypes

Foot and mouth disease

Direct zoonosis

Rabies is an example of which of the following?

saliva, CNS tissue, CSF

Rabies virus can be found in which of the following?

Waste material generated on a means of conveyance that is traveling from a foreign country to the US

Regulated garbage

guinea pig

Texas law does not require which of the following animals to be put into quarantine if it bites a person and is not suspected of being rabid?

Intergovernmental organization (IGO)

The OIE is an example of which type of organization?

True

True or false: Most human foodborne disease cases in the US occur sporadically or remain unrecognized, as opposed to being associated with well-publicized multi-state outbreaks

cyclozoonosis

The very interesting zoonotic parasite Echinococcus granulosus has a dog definitive host and a sheep intermediate host. Both dogs and sheep are required to maintain the lifecycle. What type of zoonotic agent is this?

False

True of False: As a vet, you have authority to approve at home quarantine for a dog or cat that bit a person if certain requirements are met.

False

True of false: Guide dogs are allowed in all public establishments except those that prepare and serve food.

False

True of false: Listeria monocytogenes causes more illnesses, but has a lower case fatality than most other bacterial foodborne pathogens, including salmonella, E.coli O157:H7, and Campylobacter

True

True or False: Listeria can multiply in contaminated foods at refrigeration temperatures.

True

True or False: Since the monkeypox outbreak of 2003, it is now illegal to import African-origin rodents into the united states without a special permit.

True

True or false: An animal in quarantine for biting a person should not be given a rabies vaccination until it clears quarantine.

False

True or false: Both inspection and grading are mandatory for all meat being sold for public consumption in the US.

True

True or false: Common sources of foodborne listeriosis include unpasteurized dairy products and ready-to-eat meats such as hot dogs and deli meats

True

True or false: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome has a high case-fatality rate.

True

True or false: Infection of pregnant women with Listeria monocytogenes can cause fetal death or neonatal meningoencephalitis

False

True or false: Monkeypox has a high case-fatality rate.

Existence of human animal bond and its importance to client and community health, human-animal bond has existed for thousands of years, human-animal bond has major significance for vet medicine, because, as vet medicine serves society, it fulfills both human and animal needs

Which of the following is/are officially recognized by the AVMA?

animal cruelty, child abuse, domestic/elder violence

Which of the following make up the toxic triad as it related to the human-animal bond?

raw eggs, undercooked beef, undercooked pork, tomatoes in a salad (all of the above)

Which of the following may be a source of human infection with Salmonella?

E. Coli O157:H7

Which of the following pathogens has been associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in children?

Humans

Which of the following species is/are known to develop clinical signs associated with hantavirus infection?

Both can be transmitted by rodents

Which of the following statements is/are true concerning hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and monkeypox?

FAO

Which organization leads international efforts to defeat hunger?

turtle, baby chick, kitten with evidence of diarrhea (all of the above)

a four year old child should never be in contact with which of the following?

anthropozoonosis

a zoonotic agent that is maintained in animals, but can be transmitted to humans?

HACCP

system of preventative controls used in many food food production systems