public speaking ch 13

Informative Speech

A speech in which the primary purpose is to provide the audience with information that they did not already know, or to teach them more about a topic with which they are already familiar.

Descriptive Speech

A speech that provides a detailed, vivid, word picture of a person, animal, place, or object.

Demonstration Speech

A speech that shows listeners how some process is accomplished or how to perform it themselves.

antecedent credibility and consequent credibility

two types of credibility

- Use Attention-Getting Elements - Tell a Story - Be Creative - Stimulate Audience Intellect

ways to generate and maintain an audience's interest

Build in Repetition, Appeal to Different Ways of Learning, Use Visuals

ways to make your speech more memorable

Contrast

An attention getting technique whereby supporting ideas are compared to emphasize difference.

Novelty

Very recent or unusual supporting ideas

Visual, Aural, Read/Write and Kinesthetic

different types of learning

inform, persuade, entertain

3 general purposes for speeches

Attention Getter

A device or technique used to gain the audience's attention in the introduction or keep the audience's attention during the course of a speech.

Definitional Speech

A type of speech in which the speaker attempts to explain or identify the essential qualities or components of concepts, theories, philosophies, or issues.

Explanatory Speech

Also known as a briefing, the focus of this speech is on reports of current and historical events, customs, transformations, inventions, policies, outcomes, and options.

WIIFM

An acronym that stands for "What's in it for me?" This is the question that listeners ask themselves when they begin to listen to a speech. Listeners want to know; What does this speech have to do with my life? Is this information useful to me? Is the speaker talking about something I already know? Is the subject interesting? Why should I pay attention?

Information Overload

An overwhelming feeling of being faced with so much information one cannot completely process it.

Aural Learners

Explanations of new ideas, large and small group discussions, lectures, audio recordings, stories, and jokes

Kinesthetic Learners

Field trips, hands-on projects, sensory stimulations, laboratories, recipes and solutions to problems, and collections of samples

Read/Write Learners

Lists, essays, reports, textbooks, definitions, printed handouts, readings, manuals, and web pages

visual learner

Maps, charts, graphs, diagrams, brochures, flowcharts, highlighters, different colors, pictures, word pictures, and different spatial arrangements

Credibility

Refers to the audience's perception of the speaker's expertise, authenticity, and trustworthiness.

Intensity

Supporting material that is characterized by a high degree of emotion, color, volume, strength, or other defining characteristics.

General Purpose

The speaker's overall goal, objective, or intent: to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.

Activity

The use of action words, physical or visual movement, or faster rate of speech to draw the audience's attention.

Humor

The use of amusing or comical facts, stories, or forms of expression to maintain an audience's attention.

establish your expertise, help your audience identify with you, and show you are telling the truth

Three ways to boost your credibility as a speaker

- select a topic that holds a high degree of interest for you (i.e. the topic is meaningful to you). - select a topic that you have enthusiasm for

When you are selecting your topic and thinking about what you want to accomplish in your informative speech, two factors should drive your decision.

objective, credible, knowledgeable, topic relevant

characteristics of informative speakers

Consequent credibility

credibility you develop during the course of your speech

- provide people with knowledge - shape our perceptions - articulate alternatives - increase intellegence for future generations

functions of informative speeches

Intensity, Novelty, contrast, activity, humor

techniques you can use as attention getters throughout your speech to maintain the audience's attention

Antecedent credibility

the reputation that precedes you before you give your speech

1) arousing the interest of your audience 2) presenting information in a way that can be understood 3) helping the audience remember what you have said

three goals in developing informative speeches and advice for increasing the effectiveness of your speech.

The first form repetition involves restating yo ur main points in your introduction, body and conclusion. When you do this, you will restate your points using different language --- not repeat the points word for word. The second form of repetition is where a word or a phrase is repeated in a poetic way, either throughout the speech or at a critical point in the speech The final way to use repetition in your speech is through nonverbal communication. When you say the word "four" and you hold up four fingers, or when you verbally agree with a point and nod your head at the same time, you are reinforcing the idea verbally and nonverbally.

three types of repetition

natural reality, social realities, ultimate reality

three types of stories (narratives) that can be used in a speech