Public speaking ch. 7,8,9,10
Transitions
A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another
Reference work
A work that synthesizes a large amount of related information for easy access by researchers
Hypothetical example
An example that describes an imaginary of fictitious situation
Research interview
An interview conducted to gather information for a speech
Sponsoring organization
An organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the internet
Statistics
Numerical data
Strategic organization
Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience
Testimony
Quotations or paraphrases used to support a point
Quoting out context
Quoting a statement in such a way as to distort its meaning by removing the statement from the words and phrases surrounding it
Connectives
A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them
Crescendo ending
A conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity
Dissolve ending
A conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement
Academic database
A database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals
Preliminary bibliography
A list compiled early in the research process of works that look at if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic
Catalogue
A listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library
Problem-solution order
A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem
Topical order
A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics
Spatial order
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern
Chronological order
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern
Causal order
A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship
Call number
A number used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves
Rhetorical questions
A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud
Newspaper and periodical database
A research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers
Virtual database
A search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloging and assessing data
Brief examples
A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point
Examples
A specific case used to illustrate of represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like
Internal preview
A statement in the body of the speech that let's the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next
Internal summaries
A statement in the body of the speech that summaries the speaker's preceding points
Preview statement
A statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body
Abstract
A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author
Signpost
A very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas
Expert testimony
Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields
Direct quotation
Testimony that is presented word for word
Credibility
The audience's perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic
Goodwill
The audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind
Mean
The average value of a group of numbers
Main points
The major points developed in the body of a speech. Most speeches contain gym two to five main points.
Supporting materials
The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.
Supporting materials
The materials used to support a speakers ideas
Median
The middle number in a group of numbers arranged from highest to lowest
Mode
The number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers
Paraphrase
To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words