Public Speaking Final Exam
Satisfying one's own needs without concern for the needs of others or for the harm it does to the group dynamics or problem-solving process pertains to which conflict management style?
Competing
You should not practice movements or gestures so they can appear natural when you present your speech.
F
A speech designed to seek agreement about a belief, value, or attitude is called a(n):
speech to convince
A straightforward organization in which the best-supported reasons are presented in a meaningful order is called a(n):
statement of reasons
All of the following are organizational frameworks of speeches to actuate except:
statement of reasons
Amy is the only person in her class who is not traditionally college-aged. She is much older. She will need to be sure not to ______________ her classmates by assuming they are all the same just because they are of the same generation.
stereotype
Speakers ask rhetorical questions in order to ______________.
stimulate a mental response from audience
In a speech about hand-tossed pizza, a speaker presents a list of very detailed steps to making a pizza by hand, and follows with precise examples. If a listener gives the feedback "the clarity of the steps made them easy to follow and I feel confident that I can duplicate the steps at home," he/she is making a ___________.
structure critique statement
The evidence offered as grounds for accepting the conclusion is the _________________.
support
The _________ technique can help reduce anxiety as you gradually visualize and then engage in increasingly more frightening speaking events while remaining calm.
systematic desensitization
Which of the following is NOT a type of breathing and relaxation exercise?
systematic desensitization
Public speaking apprehension is ______________________.
the fear experienced when anticipating or actually speaking to an audience
The goal of oral style is to ___________
a. all of these are correct Correct b. adapt your language to the audience c. adapt your language to the purpose d. adapt your language to the occasion
A person is said to have a(n) _____________ when they have speech habits typical of a certain geographic area.
accent
If a group member goes along with other group members, even though he or she personally opposes the view, he or she is engaging in the __________ style of conflict management.
accommodating
The deliberate and conscious process of attending to, understanding, remembering, evaluating, and responding to messages is called ____________.
active listening
Synergy occurs when group members adhere to which of the following critical shared leadership responsibilities?
all of these
Today, we define goodwill as a perception the audience forms of a speaker they believe:
all of these are correct
You can convey competence and credibility by ___________________.
all of these are correct
What are the goals of a speech of nomination?
all of these choices are correct
A strategy for tailoring your speech to the needs, interests, and expectations of your specific audience is called _____________.
an adaptation plan
If Katerina were delivering an expository speech about strip mining, she would be presenting _______________________.
an exposition of political, economic, social, religious, or ethical issues
When you support a claim with a single comparable example that is significantly similar to the subject of the claim, you are arguing from ____________________.
analogy
During which step of the systematic problem-solving method might you ask questions such as "why has the problem occurred?" Or "what are the symptoms of the problem?"
analyze the problem
The three phases of public speaking apprehension are ____________.
anticipation, confrontation, and adaptation
A target audience that is uninterested in, unconcerned about, or indifferent toward a topic is called ______________.
apathetic
A listener was in the process of evaluating a speech and was trying to determine facts from inferences. Inferences are ______________.
assertions based on facts
The first step to becoming a good active listener is to train ourselves to focus on, or__________ to what people are saying regardless of distractions.
attend
The effectiveness of your words is irrelevant if the words are not heard by, understood by, or has no effect on your _____________.
audience
The process of __________ involves tailoring the information in your speech to the needs, interests, and expectations of your listeners.
audience adaptation
The process of tailoring the message to address exigence in terms of the audience's unique interests, needs, and expectations is called:
audience adaptation
As preparation for her informative speech on the importance of vaccination, Alana asked her classmates if they had been vaccinated as a child and if they have any children. Alana is conducting the _____________ of her speech.
audience analysis
John decides to add some background material for his informative speech on current trends in Internet usage after discovering that the majority of the audience members do not own computers. What concept does John's decision illustrate?
audience analysis
The range of demographic and subject-related differences represented in an audience is called ____________.
audience diversity
According to your textbook, public speaking is a(n)________________ process.
audience-centered
We send and receive messages primarily through which two channels?
auditory and visual
Public speaking apprehension gradually ______________ as we speak.
decreases
A speech topic which focuses on more details than people's general knowledge is utilizing:
depth
Gabriel received a poor grade for his informative speech because his instructor noticed that he only gathered information from the first or second paragraph of the sources he cited during his speech. The ________ of his research was poor because he did not provide enough details from his evidence.
depth
A method of informing that creates a verbal picture of an object, geographic features, setting, or image is called a(n) ____________.
description
The use of a ______________ as a technique for getting attention during the introduction demands an overt response from the audience.
direct question
When you listen to your roommate complain about how hard his organic chemistry class is, you are engaging in___________.
empathic listening
Which of the following is NOT a way we tend to deal with conflict?
employing our perception checking but not our paraphrasing
A speech to ___________ is a humorous speech that makes a serious point.
entertain
Dressing professionally, being poised as you speak, and citing credible evidence all convey ____________
ethos
A speech given at a funeral to remember someone is a(n) ______ speech.
eulogy
The process of critically analyzing a message to determine its truthfulness, utility, and trustworthiness is called ____________.
evaluating
If the audience's expectations are set too high in a speech of introduction, what might occur?
even a good speaker might have trouble living up to them
Some real or perceived need that a speech might help to address is known as ____________.
exigence
All of the following are methods of defining a word EXCEPT ____________.
explaining how it compares or contrasts to other items
A type of informative speech that provides carefully researched in-depth knowledge about a complex topic is called a(n) ________________.
expository speech
__________ people experience lower levels of public speaking apprehension.
extroverted
A _____________ fallacy occurs when the alleged cause fails to produce the effect
false cause
A _____________ fallacy occurs when the alleged cause fails to produce the effect.
false cause
The body of a speech of introduction should ________________.
focus on three or four things the audience ought to know about the person being introduced
A person designated or elected to oversee the group process is called a(n):
formal leader
A speech that sets the tone and generates enthusiasm for the topic of a conference or convention is called a _______________.
keynote address
You should choose a topic that you _____________.
know something about
Statements alerting listeners about how a main point or subpoint is relevant to them are called:
listener relevance links
The cognitive process of receiving, attending to, constructing meaning from, and responding to messages is called ____________.
listening
The _______ is the overall framework of your speech and includes the introduction, body, conclusion, and transitions..
macrostructure
A general principle that most people agree upon is known as a _______________.
major premise
Anthony wants to present his speech on a campus proposal to build a new student union. He conducts a survey asking his classmates whether or not they supported the proposal. This is an example of _____________.
primary research
A type of informative speech that teaches how something is done, is made, or works is called a(n) _____________.
process speech
The reason why a course devoted in part or entirely to public speaking is often required in a general education curriculum is that __________.
public speaking teaches general knowledge to help people participate as engaged citizens in democracy
___________________communication occurs with approximately three to ten people.
small group communication
The statement which lays the foundation for organizing your speech is called a _____________.
specific goal
The formal study of public speaking teaches us what to think.
F
The need step is essentially the introduction of your speech.
F
You can use clinchers with informative speeches only.
F
Which of the following is an effective comment about the structure of a speech?
None of these answer choices are correct.
Which of the following does NOT constitute good note taking in a speech?
A list of visual aids
Public speaking is NOT a specialized type of communication because everyone engages in public speaking during his/her lifetime.
F
Remote access reports are only prepared by one member of a group.
F
All of the following are presentation programs which enable you to compose a slideshow except:
Adobe Acrobat Reader
Informative speeches are designed to __________.
All of these
It is important to take notes of any questions you may have as you listen to a speech so that you can
All of these answer choices are correct.
It is important to take notes of any questions you may have as you listen to a speech so that you can ________________.
All of these answer choices are correct.
Using presentational aids and dressing up for your speech are two specific techniques your book gives for ______________.
All of these are correct.
__________ can be focused on a particular subject and include images, audios, and audiovisuals but also provide personal viewpoints of an author.
Blogs
The first draft of a main point frequently does not need additional work.
F
is a word's direct, explicit meaning given by its speech community.
Denotation
It is realistic to believe you will be able to change your target audience's attitude from "opposed" to "favor" in one speech.
F
Performance orientation views public speaking as a special technique that works to impress audiences with their posture.
F
Psychological noise is any external sight or sound that distracts us from the message of a speech.
F
Public speaking apprehension is uncommon and only affects a few people.
F
____________ is a key to success in most occupations and one of the most important skills needed in the corporate environment.
Effective listening
A speaker is much more likely to speak vividly if he/she avoids considering the physical or psychological meanings of the words used.
F
Asking yourself mental questions during a speech can distract you from learning its key aspects.
F
Audience age, interest, attitude, and perception are all subject-related audience data.
F
Audience members will always be able to recognize how the new information you are sharing is relevant to them.
F
Audiences do not assess your physical appearance in developing its initial assessment about your credibility.
F
Because human experience is universal, identifying culturally sensitive material is relatively easy.
F
Because you have already obtained permission to interview the expert on your subject, it is unnecessary to get permission to quote.
F
Compromising means physically and psychologically removing yourself from the conflict.
F
Constructive critique statements should adopt a liberal use of "you" language, so the speaker knows exactly what he/she needs to improve.
F
During a speech of introduction, you should never try to contact the speaker to ask what points in the biography the speaker would like to emphasize. Instead, you should use the speaker's resume and surprise him or her
F
Evoking positive emotions in a persuasive speech motivates the audience to hear how your proposal can eliminate the sources of the emotions.
F
Good feedback is always expressed verbally.
F
Hearing and listening are the same.
F
If your goal statement includes the word "and," you do not need to narrow it down further.
F
In a critical listening situation, your only goal is to listen so you can make counterarguments to the speaker's claims.
F
A streaming video is an audiovisual recording that is sent in compressed form over the Internet.
T
Addressing the needs and expectations of your audience is integral to the rhetorical situation.
T
As a public speaker, what you discuss, and how well you do so will depend on your interests, beliefs, background, and public speaking skills.
T
As technology and media become increasingly accessible, the lines between mass communication and public speaking are blurring.
T
Constructive critique feedback should be as specific as possible.
T
Constructive critiques of a speech's structure focus on both macrostructure and microstructure.
T
During a welcome speech, a master of ceremonies might be asked to welcome and introduce a speaker.
T
Having some speech apprehension is quite normal.
T
In a speech of nomination, you should link the candidate with the position, honor, or award in ways that make him or her appear to be a natural choice.
T
Intelligible speakers use a rate, volume, and pitch that are easily understood by audiences.
T
One form of plagiarizing is paraphrasing the unique ideas of another person and not crediting that person.
T
One vivid example can help us understand a complicated concept.
T
Organized speeches help audiences to remember the information better.
T
Our brains can process more words per minute than people can typically produce by speaking.
T
Part of establishing an audience adaptation plan is determining what you can do to make it easier for audience members to comprehend and remember the information you will share.
T
People only remember about 50 percent of what they hear shortly after hearing it
T
Presentational aids were once considered optional embellishments. Today, they are integral to speech content and effectiveness.
T
Public speaking can occur in online environments.
T
Rarely do creative ideas come when we are in a time crunch.
T
Research suggests that we tend to process information in two ways—passively or actively—based on the rhetorical situation.
T
Research suggests there are three common roots of speaking apprehension: biologically based temperament, previous experience, and level of skills.
T
Speakers who practice their speech using various ways of phrasing their key ideas are more likely to effectively communicate their ideas.
T
Speaking expressively is important during public speaking so that you sound a bit more dramatic than you would in casual conversation.
T
The critical analysis of a speech will help listeners determine if they believe what they have learned.
T
The five most common negative emotions are fear, guilt, shame, anger, and sadness.
T
The heart of an effective interview is the interview protocol, which is a list of good questions you plan to ask.
T
Using positive-talk before your speech is a good technique to reduce speech anxiety.
T
Verbal descriptions can also create informative mental pictures.
T
When preparing a speech, you should organize your main points within a framework; two common organizational frameworks are chronological and topical.
T
When you are speaking to an audience that is in favor of your topic you should try to motivate them to action.
T
Wikipedia is a good place to begin research, but should not be the primary source.
T
You should carefully plan when to use each presentational aid and make a note of it on your formal outline and in your speaking notes.
T
__________ helps reduce anxiety by assisting you in picturing yourself giving a masterful speech, and helps you overcome cognitive and emotional symptoms of apprehension.
Visualization
When preparing to adapt a speech for a virtual audience, what should a speaker consider?
a. All of these are correct Correct b. Become proficient with technology in advance c. Employ the fundamentals of effective public speaking d. Adapt your speech to address multiple audiences
All of the following are ways to display personableness EXCEPT ______________.
being critical of other's speeches
Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria used to determine the accuracy, reliability, and validity of sources?
bias
The uncritical, nonevaluative process of generating associated ideas is called:
brainstorming
The way in which we process information, where we listen carefully, reflect thoughtfully, and mentally elaborate on a message before making a decision, is called the:
central route
A(n) __________ is a graphic representation that distills a lot of information into an easily interpreted visual format.
chart
Public speaking has been revered as a(n) ______________ in democratic civilizations since ancient times.
civic right
Sharing personal stories and using examples in your speech is a way to establish _______________.
common ground
The approach to public speaking where speaking is viewed as an opportunity to engage in conversation with topics of importance and focuses on getting your message across is called __________.
communication orientation
When our goal is to understand, remember, and recall information, we engage in__________.
comprehensive listening
Brandon created a web-like structure to visibly explore connections between his speech subject and related ideas. Brandon is _______________.
concept mapping
__________ listeners focus on and evaluate the facts and evidence of a speech, as well as ask questions to get more information.
content-oriented
During her speech on how to brush a dog's teeth, Rosa shared her ___________ by explaining her experiences as a veterinary technician that qualifies her to speak with authority on the subject.
credentials
The perception of a speaker as knowledgeable, trustworthy, and personable is called:
credibility
Which type of conflict occurs when the communication norms of group members are incongruent?
culture-related conflict
Plagiarism which results from the failure of a speaker to reference material they find on the Internet is called:
cyberplagiarism
Altering posture, leaning forward, and establishing eye contact are all ways to ____________.
get physically ready to listen
The technical term for public speaking apprehension, speech anxiety, or fear of public speaking is ________.
glossophobia
The physiological process that occurs when the brain detects sound waves is called ____________.
hearing
According to communication orientation motivation (COM) techniques, in performance orientation, the speaker views the audience as ____________.
hypercritical judges
To develop the "what if" angle of a topic, a speaker can use a(n) _____________.
hypothetical example
After Eva's speech about the harmful effects of not recycling, you noticed that she discarded her empty water bottle in the nearest trashcan. Which ethical principle has Eva violated?
integrity
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of an ethical speaker?
intelligence
Which type of conflict occurs when two or more group members' goals, ideas, or opinions about the topic are incompatible.
issue-related conflict
The technique of associating a special word or very short statement with new and longer information is called __________.
mnemonic devices
Observing how your friends and family members react to speaking in public is known as ____________.
modeling
A persuasive organization that combines a problem-solution pattern with explicit appeals designed to motivate the audience to act is called a(n):
motivated sequence
During Sammy's persuasive speech about why ghosts exist, she used a personal account of her interaction with what she called "a friendly spirit." This is an example of a(n) _______________.
narrative
Which of the following facial expression should be used throughout your speech?
natural facial expression
The ________________ explores the nature of the problem and why something needs to change.
need step
The most common cause of public speaking apprehension is ____________.
negative self-talk
The following are methods of data-gathering EXCEPT:
negative-response items
The tone of voice, facial expressions, and gestures are examples of a speaker's ___________.
nonverbal cues
The ___________ encompasses the expected purpose and setting for a speech.
occasion
A roast is expected to _________________.
offer good-natured insults or anecdotes
What can you tell me about Harvard University?" is an example of a(n) ___________ question.
open
In his speech about Google Inc., Tom wanted to show the relatively flat hierarchy in the company's chain of command, so he used a _____________ as a presentational aid.
organizational chart
The habitual and unconscious process of receiving messages is called ___________.
passive listening
The extent to which one projects a pleasing personality is known as ________________.
personableness
Stating "We need to be concerned about tuition increases," rather than "Students needs to be concerned about tuition increases," demonstrates the use of __________________to link the speaker to members of the audience.
personal pronouns
A speaker who begins with, "It's a pleasure to return to State University. As you know, I am a graduate of State. Though it was some time ago, the last few days I've spent on campus have made me feel as though I have never left," is using what type of introduction?
personal reference
Attributing human qualities to a concept or an inanimate object is known as ________________.
personification
Presenting the ideas, words, or created works of another as one's own by failing to credit the source is called:___________.
plagiarism
What is one of the ways to be understood when speaking in your second language?
practice in front of friends who are native speakers
A technique used to enhance our ability to store information in our long-term memory is called ____________.
repetition
The unique type of tribute speeches, where guests might offer good-nature insults or anecdotes, personal stories, or uplifting accolades are called:
roasts
The intrapersonal communication regarding perceived success or failure in a particular situation is called _________.
self-talk
"Smoking cigarettes will damage your lungs beyond repair" is a proposition of _____________________.
value
The anticipation phase is _________________.
the level of anxiety you experience before your speech
The theory that suggests that most of us become apprehensive because we don't know how to plan or prepare effectively for a public presentation is __________________.
the skill deficit theory
The confrontation phase is _____________.
the surge in your anxiety as you begin delivering your speech
"Impressionistic painting is characterized by unique subject matter, use of color, and technique" is an example of a _________________.
thesis statement
Which organizational pattern should be used for an informative speech explaining how to make a piñata?
time order
What type of listening style favors brief and hurried conversations and often uses nonverbal and verbal cues to signal that their partner needs to be more concise?
time-oriented
A narrow aspect of a subject is called a _________________.
topic
Presenting your main points in __________ order, in order of interest, will help your audience understand and remember them.
topical
Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of a rhetorical situation?
transition
A sentence or two that summarizes one main point and introduces the next is/are called ______________.
transitions
Words, phrases, or sentences that show a relationship between, or bridge, two ideas are called:
transitions
Following ethical standards and honestly explaining a speech's motivation help establish ___________.
trustworthiness
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways for a speaker to establish common ground with an audience?
use good posture
The following are characteristics of a good narrative EXCEPT _____________.
use of slang
Before you can decide on a speech topic, you need to examine ____________.
your audience
