PUCH38

The major carbohydrate that tissue cells use as fuel is a. fats. b. glucose. c. proteins. d. chyme.

B

A client tells the nurse that the stool was colored yellow. The nurse assesses the client for a. pilonidal cyst. b. ingestion of bismuth. c. occult blood. d. recent foods ingested.

D

Gastrin has which of the following effects on gastrointestinal (GI) motility? a. Contraction of the ileocecal sphincter b. Relaxation of gastroesophageal sphincter c. Relaxation of the colon d. Increased motility of the stomach

D

The nurse is caring for a client recovering from an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Which of the following client symptoms would require further nursing assessment? a. Drowsiness b. Sore throat c. Thirst d. Abdominal distention

D

A client asks the nurse why the physician ordered the blood test carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The nurse answers: a. "It indicates if a cancer is present." b. "It detects a protein normally found in the blood." c. "It determines functionality of the liver." d. "It tells the physician what type of cancer is present."

A

A client comes into the emergency department with reports of abdominal pain. What should the nurse ask first? a. Characteristics and duration of pain b. Concerns about impending hospital stay c. Medications taken in the last 8 hours d. Family history of ruptured appendix

A

A client is scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal barium study. Which teaching will the nurse provide for the client to prepare for this diagnostic test? a. Ingest nothing by mouth after midnight. b. Avoid products containing aspirin for a week before the test. c. Withhold oral medications for 24 hours before the test. d. Eat a clear liquid breakfast before the test.

A

A client reports a history of bleeding hemorrhoids to the nurse. Which observation supports the client's statement? a. Blood streaks on stool b. Hard, dry stool c. Black tarry stool d. Dark red stool

A

A client with a gastrointestinal condition asks why the mouth needs to be examined. Which response will the nurse make? a. "Changes in the mouth can help explain why your condition is occurring." b. "It is a body part that is least examined." c. "Your problem is in your mouth and not your abdomen." d. "It is a part of the assessment of every client."

A

Blood flow to the GI tract is approximately what percentage of the total cardiac output? a. 20% b. 30% c. 10% d. 40%

A

A client is scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal barium study. Which teaching will the nurse provide for the client to prepare for this diagnostic test? a. Eat a clear liquid breakfast before the test. b. Ingest nothing by mouth after midnight. c. Avoid products containing aspirin for a week before the test. d. Withhold oral medications for 24 hours before the test.

B

During a colonoscopy with moderate sedation, the patient groans with obvious discomfort and begins bleeding from the rectum. The patient is diaphoretic and has an increase in abdominal girth from distention. What complication of this procedure is the nurse aware may be occurring? a. Infection b. Bowel perforation c. Colonic polyp d. Rectal fissure

B

The client describes a test previously completed to detect a small bowel obstruction prior to admission to the hospital. The client states that the test involved insertion of a tube through the nose and lasted over 6 hours. The nurse determines which test name should be documented? a. positron emission tomography b. upper GI enteroclysis c. magnetic resonance imaging d. abdominal ultrasound

B

The nurse auscultates the abdomen to assess bowel sounds. She documents five to six sounds heard in less than 30 seconds. How does the nurse document the bowel sounds? a. Borborygmi b. Hyperactive c. Normal d. Hypoactive

B

The nurse determines which is a true statement regarding older clients, considering the age-related effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) system? a. They have no awareness of the filling reflex. b. They usually have less control of the rectal sphincter. c. They tend to have increased muscle tone and mass. d. They tend to have higher physiologic reserves to compensate for fluid loss.

B

A client is scheduled for a flexible sigmoidoscopy. Which preparation will the nurse instruct the client to complete before the procedure? a. Maintain liquid diet for 3 days before the procedure. b. Avoid aspirin products a week before the procedure. c. Administer tap water enemas until liquid from rectum is clear. d. Take oral laxatives for 2 days before the procedure.

C

A nurse is giving a client barium swallow test. What is the most important assessment a nurse would make to ensure that a client does not retain any barium after a barium swallow? a. Monitoring the volume of urine. b. Observing the color of urine. c. Monitoring the stool passage and its color. d. Placing any stool passed in a specific preservative.

C

When evaluating the function of the GI tract, the nurse needs to understand the role of hormones. Secretin, stimulated by the pH of chyme in the duodenum, is a major GI hormone that does which of the following? a. Influences contraction of the esophageal and pyloric sphincters b. Regulates the secretion of gastric acid c. Stimulates the production of bicarbonate in pancreatic juice d. Causes the gallbladder to contract

C

Which of the following is an enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa? a. Ptyalin b. Bile c. Pepsin d. Trypsin

C

The nurse is caring for a client scheduled for a diagnostic laparoscopy. The client has questions regarding the use of anesthetic during the procedure. Which response will the nurse provide the client? a. "Let me have the primary health care provider explain this again to you." b. "Are you worried about pain during the procedure?" c. "What type of anesthetic have you used in the past?" d. "The use of anesthetic will be discussed closer to surgery."

D

The nurse is preparing to examine the abdomen of a client who reports a change in bowel pattern. The nurse would place the client in which position? a. Knee-chest b. Lithotomy c. Left Sim's lateral d. Supine with knees flexed

D

A home care nurse is caring for a client with reports of epigastric discomfort who is scheduled for a barium swallow. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the test? a. "I'll avoid eating or drinking anything 6 to 8 hours before the test." b. "I'll take a laxative to clear my bowels before the test." c. "There is no need for special preparation before the test." d. "I'll drink full liquids the day before the test."

A

The nurse assesses bowel sounds and hears one to two bowel sounds in 2 minutes. How should the nurse document the bowel sounds? a. hypoactive b. hyperactive c. normal d. absent

A

The nurse is assessing a client who is stating gastrointestinal upset and a feeling of bloating. Which type of meal would the nurse anticipate causing these types of symptoms? a. Hamburger and French fries b. Grilled chicken on a spinach salad c. Salmon with cheddar mashed potatoes d. Steamed rice with pork and broccoli

A

The nurse prepares a client for a barium enema. The nurse should place the client on which diet prior to the procedure? a. clear liquids day before b. nothing by mouth (NPO) 2 days prior c. high-fiber diet 1 to 2 days prior d. soft diet 1 day prior

A

When bowel sounds are heard about every 15 seconds, the nurse would record that the bowel sounds are a. normal. b. sluggish. c. hypoactive. d. absent.

A

A nurse is doing a physical assessment on a client with a GI disorder. Which position will the nurse most likely ask the client to assume when performing an abdominal examination? a. supine with knees flexed b. supine with knees flexed slightly c. supine with legs flat on the exam table d. side-lying

B

A nurse is teaching a client with malabsorption syndrome about the disorder and its treatment. The client asks which part of the GI tract absorbs food. What is the nurse's best response? a. stomach b. small intestine c. large intestine d. rectum

B

After 20 seconds of auscultating for bowel sounds on a client recovering from abdominal surgery, the nurse hears nothing. What should the nurse do based on the assessment findings? a. Return in 1 hour and listen again to confirm findings. b. Listen longer for the sounds. c. Call the health care provider to report absent bowel sounds. d. Document that the client is constipated.

B

The nurse prepares to administer the lavage solution to a client having a colonoscopy completed. The nurse stops and notifies the physician when noting that the client has which condition? a. pulmonary hypertension b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c. inflammatory bowel disease d. congestive heart failure

C

The nurses assesses the client for blood in the stool due to an upper GI condition. The nurse understands that if there is blood in the stool, the stool will be which color? a. green b. milky white c. tarry black d. bright red

C

What part of the GI tract begins the digestion of food? a. Stomach b. Esophagus c. Mouth d. Duodenum

C

A client is diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. The health care provider begins the client on cyanocobalamin (Betalin-12), 100 mcg I.M. daily. Which substance influences vitamin B12 absorption? a. Liver enzyme b. Hydrochloric acid c. Histamine d. Intrinsic factor

D

Following ingestion of carrots or beets, the nurse would expect which alteration in stool color? a. Milky white b. Black c. Yellow d. Red

D

The nurse is preparing to examine the abdomen of a client with reports of nausea and vomiting. What action would the nurse perform first? a. Palpation b. Inspection c. Percussion d. Auscultation

B

The nurse recognizes which change of the GI system is an age-related change? a. weakened gag reflex b. increased mucus secretion c. increased motility d. hypertrophy of the small intestine

A

Which response is a parasympathetic response in the GI tract? a. increased peristalsis b. decreased gastric secretion c. decreased motility d. blood vessel constriction

A

Which term describes a gastric secretion that combines with vitamin B12 so that it can be absorbed? a. intrinsic factor b. amylase c. pepsin d. trypsin

A

An older client reports difficulty chewing and swallowing. Which age-related changes will the nurse suspect as the reasons for the client's symptoms? Select all that apply. a. Atrophy of taste buds b. Loss of teeth c. Weakened gag reflex d. Reduced saliva production e. Less ptyalin and amylase in saliva

A, B, C, D, E

A few hours after eating hot and spicy chicken wings, a client presents with lower chest pain. He wonders if he is having a heart attack. How should the nurse proceed first? a. Explain that fatty foods can mimic chest pain. b. Further investigate the initial complaint. c. Administer an over-the-counter antacid tablet. d. Call for an immediate electrocardiogram.

B

The nurse is assisting the health care provider with a colonoscopy for a client with rectal bleeding. The health care provider requests the nurse to administer glucagon during the procedure. Why is the nurse administering this medication during the procedure? a. The client is probably hypoglycemic and requires the glucagon. b. To relax colonic musculature and reduce spasm. c. To reduce air accumulation in the colon. d. To relieve anxiety during the procedure for moderate sedation.

B

The nurse is working with clients with digestive tract disorders. Which of the following organs does the nurse realize has effects as an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland? a. Liver b. Pancreas c. Gallbladder d. Stomach

B

Which of the following is the most definitive means of assessing for liver disease? a. Cholecystography b. Biopsy c. Ultrasonography d. Paracentesis

B

The nurse is caring for a client with a gastrointestinal condition. For which reason will the nurse question the client being scheduled for a barium enema? a. History of polyps b. Frank blood in stool c. Chronic constipation d. Possible rectal tumor

B

Which of the following digestive enzymes aids in the digesting of starch? a. Trypsin b. Bile c. Lipase d. Amylase

D

An older adult client is admitted to an acute care facility for treatment of an acute flare-up of a chronic gastrointestinal condition. In addition to assessing the client for complications of the current illness, the nurse monitors for age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Which age-related change increases the risk of anemia? a. Atrophy of the gastric mucosa b. Dulling of nerve impulses c. Increase in bile secretion d. Decrease in intestinal flora

A

The nurse is instructing the client who was newly diagnosed with peptic ulcers. Which of the following diagnostic studies would the nurse anticipate reviewing with the client? a. Gastric analysis b. Serum antibodies for H. pylori c. A sigmoidoscopy d. A complete blood count including differential

B

Which procedure is performed to examine and visualize the lumen of the small bowel? a. panendoscopy b. small bowel enteroscopy c. colonoscopy d. peritoneoscopy

B

A client is scheduled for several diagnostic tests to evaluate gastrointestinal function. After teaching the client about these tests, the nurse determines that the client has understood the teaching when the client identifies which test as not requiring the use of a contrast medium? a. Computer tomography b. Small bowel series c. Colonoscopy d. Upper GI series

C

A client is to have an upper GI procedure with barium ingestion and abdominal ultrasonography. While scheduling these diagnostic tests, the nurse must consider which factor? a. The client may eat a light meal before either test. b. Both tests need to be done before breakfast. c. The ultrasonography should be scheduled before the GI procedure. d. The upper GI should be scheduled before the ultrasonography.

C

A nurse is preparing a client with Crohn's disease for a barium enema. What should the nurse do the day before the test? a. Serve the client his usual diet. b. Order a high-fiber diet. c. Encourage plenty of fluids. d. Serve dairy products.

C

Specific disease processes and ingestion of certain foods and medications may change the appearance of the stool. If blood is shed in sufficient quantities into the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, it produces which change in the stool appearance? a. Bright red b. Blood-streaked c. Tarry-black d. Dark brown

C

The instructor has just finished teaching a group of students about the various organs of the upper gastrointestinal tract and possible disorders. The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which structure as possibly being affected? a. Large Intestine b. Ileum c. Stomach d. Liver

C

Which of the following is the primary function of the small intestine? a. Secretion b. Digestion c. Absorption d. Peristalsis

C

When completing a nutritional assessment of a patient who is admitted for a GI disorder, the nurse notes a recent history of dietary intake. This is based on the knowledge that a portion of digested waste products can remain in the rectum for how many days after a meal is digested? a. 2 days b. 1 day c. 3 days d. 4 days

C

When describing the role of the pancreas to a client with a pancreatic dysfunction, the nurse would identify which substance as being acted on by pancreatic lipase? a. Protein b. Starch c. Triglycerides d. Glucose

C

What would the nurse recognize as preventing a client from being able to take a fecal occult blood test (FOBT)? a. The client regularly takes aspirin b. The client had a hamburger for dinner the night before c. The client has hemorrhoidal bleeding d. The client took an ibuprofen tablet this morning

C

The nurse is assisting the health care provider with a gastric acid stimulation test for a client. What medication should the nurse prepare to administer subcutaneously to stimulate gastric secretions? a. Glycopyrronium bromide b. Acetylcysteine c. Pentagastrin d. Atropine

C

A client is scheduled for an ultrasound of the abdomen. Which statement indicates that teaching provided to the client to prepare for the test was effective? a. "I will ingest a clear liquid diet for 3 days before the test." b. "I will take medications to reduce gastric acid before the test." c. "I will take an over-the-counter enema before the test." d. "I will not eat or drink for 8 to 12 hours before the test."

D

A client undergoing a diagnostic examination for gastrointestinal disorder was given polyethylene glycol/electrolyte solution as a part of the test preparation. Which of the following measures should the nurse take once the solution is administered? a. Allow the client to ingest fat-free meal. b. Provide saline gargles to the client. c. Instruct the client to have low-residue meals. d. Permit the client to drink only clear liquids.

D

A client with abdominal pain is scheduled for a CT scan of the abdomen with contrast. Which assessment will the nurse complete before transporting the client for the diagnostic test? a. Current list of prescribed medications b. Last use of an oral laxative c. Presence of a cochlear implant d. History of allergies

D

Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder characterized by pulmonary and pancreatic dysfunction, usually appears in young children but can also affect adults. If the pancreas was functioning correctly, where would the bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the GI system? a. cecum b. jejunum c. ileum d. duodenum

D

The nurse is to obtain a stool specimen from a client who reported that he is taking iron supplements. The nurse would expect the stool to be which color? a. Dark brown b. Green c. Red d. Black

D

When assisting with preparing a client scheduled for a barium swallow, which of the following would be appropriate to include? a. Take three cleansing enemas before the procedure. b. Avoid the intake of red meat before the procedure. c. Take vitamin K before the procedure. d. Avoid smoking for at least 12 to 24 hours before the procedure.

D

When examining the skin of a client who is dehydrated due to fluid losses from the gastrointestinal tract, which of the following would be most important? a. Observing for distended abdominal veins b. Examining the sclera if it is yellow c. Checking if the skin is discolored d. Checking if the mucous membranes are dry

D

While palpating a client's right upper quadrant (RUQ), the nurse would expect to find which structure? a. Sigmoid colon b. Appendix c. Spleen d. Liver

D