PY 100 test 2

Noor and Ahmad, 4-year-old twins, are shopping with their mother. She offers to buy them each a small cookie now or a large toy later if they are good during the shopping trip. Noor takes the cookie, but Ahmad waits for the toy. Based on this, who will be more successful in high school?

Ahmad, because he can delay gratification

People from a variety of cultures are able to look at facial expressions and identify emotions like happiness and surprise. This evidence that facial expressions for emotions are universal suggests that

Facial expression of emotions is biologically built in

Marco is a college student who is highly concerned with what other people think about him. He regularly tries to show off his good qualities in hopes that others have a good impression of him. Due to his concerns, he is more likely to be depressed or anxious. Marco's concerns are consistent with ___ goals

NOT grit

When he misses lunch, August knows he is experiencing a state of deficiency. Pretty soon, he starts to feel hungry and he goes to a deli to eat. August was motivated to eat because he experienced the psychological state called a(n) ________, which will reduce his state of deficiency.

NOT need

Recently, Miriam's violin instructor tells her that she has to practice three hours a day for a competition. Although Miriam usually practices more than three hours, she suddenly finds that she enjoys playing a lot less. Self-determination theory suggests that Miriam's sudden loss of interest happened because

NOT playing has become work, not pleasure

Maya finds her customer service job to be frustrating and stressful. She tells her friend Jeff about her negative experience at work, and he tells her to force herself to smile while she is at work, an idea he learned in his phychology class. When Maya tries smiling at work, she finds her job less frustrating and even begins to enjoy it some days. The idea that Jeff shared with Maya is most like the

NOT reappraisal principle

For the past several weeks, Hugh has had a vague sense of irritability. He does not know why he is feeling this way, but it seems to be affecting how he thinks about his job and how he acts at work. Hugh's irritability is best categorized as a

NOT secondary emotion

Timo does not have many memories of his early childhood. However, one thing he remembers clearly is when he broke his favorite toy. He remembers crying for days when his parents would not replace it. This childhood memory may be especially clear for Timo because

NOT the hypothalamus stores emotions from childhood

Remmy is watching a tragic love story at the movie theater. She notices feelings of sadness come over her, followed by tears filling her eyes. The idea that our minds are quick to process emotions but our bodies take a few seconds longer is consistent with the

NOT two-factor theory or James-Lange theory

After finishing elementary school, Mia moved to a new school district for middle school. Almost none of her friends from elementary school came with her to the new school. She feels anxious and quickly joins an after-school club. What motive may be driving Mia's behavior

Need to belong

Paloma's parents spent a great deal of time with her when she was growing up; they always made her feel loved and valued. Erhard's parents loved him, but they were always busy and distant. As an adult, who is likely to experience more guilt, and why?

Paloma, because she has likely developed a greater ability to empathize with other

Which of the following can be categorized as a secondary emotion

Shame

When re-creating Mischel's famous marshmallow delay-of gratification study, Art finds that children who successfully wait to eat the marshmallow are least likely to

Stare at the marshmallow

Winona has difficulty determining how fearful someone is based on the person's facial expressions. Her friends worry that she can no longer processes the emotional significance of stimuli due to brain damage and think there is a problem with Winona's

amagdala

Shyla is considering going to the Halloween dance. She thinks about how she would feel regret if she did not attend, and she thinks about how she would be happy and excited to hang out with her friends if she did attend, so she decides to go. This example illustrates how

anticipating emotions helps us make decisions

Shana wants to establish an exercise routine, but she really does not like to work out. If she decides to use incentives to motivate her exercising behavior, which of the following is Shana most likely to do?

buy herself a new pair of shoes after exercising every day for two weeks

Jenn is daydreaming during class about what she will eat for dessert tonight. She decides she will make chocolate cake, and her mouth begins to water just thinking about how delicious it will taste. Her mouth-watering response is due to

classical conditioning

When Ellen learns that her roommate will be an international student from Britain, she is worried that her roommate will be stiff and reserved. Ellen is surprised when Diana turns out to be upbeat and friendly. Diana's behavior goes against Ellen's beliefs about how people from Britain express emotions and have violated her

cultural display rules

for evolutionary reasons, men and women may vary in their expression and emotions. For example, men are more likely to express ___, whereas women are more likely to express ___

defensiveness; nurturance

Japanese student were shown film clips designed to provoke strong emotions. When Toko watched the clop with other people present, she showed little outward emotion. When Toko watched the clips alone, she showed the same strong emotions observed in American college students. The difference in what Toko considers to be acceptable emotional expression shows the influence of

display rules

Jie recently got out of a bad relationship and she is excited to be single again. Jie's friend, Nico, suggests that he would interpret that excitement negatively, if it were he. Excitement, in this example, is an ___ because it is subjective and personal relative to the individual experiencing it

emotion

Sarah wants to do well in class because she is earning credit toward graduation, which is her goal. Joe wants to do well in class because he gets pleasure from learning new material. Sarah is influenced by ________ motivation. Joe is influenced by ________ motivation.

extrinsic; intrinsic

On the TV show Lie to Me, the lead character sis an expert at reading people's emotions through their expressions. When asked how he does it, the lead character claims that he used people's _____ to give him the best cues as to how they are feeling

eyes

At a potluck, everyone brings his or her favorite dish to share. Gavin decides to avoid the foods he has never heard or before and instead eats only the macaroni and cheese he brought to the party. In this example, Gavin eating food he prepared himself suggests that he is most influenced by

familiarity

Sally is having a hard time losing weight and keeping it off because the more weight she loses, the hungrier she feels. This condition is most likely due to the effects of ________, which triggers feelings of hunger.

ghrelin

Troy finds it very hard to lose weight, but he readily gains weight. No matter how hard he exercises, he keeps putting on pounds. He thinks that he has a genetic predisposition to weight gain, most likely making him insensitive to the hunger suppressing effects of

ghrelin

Robert becomes anxious during exams. He has found that chewing on the eraser on his pencil while he thinks helps him to calm down. Over time, Robert's pencil chewing is likely to become a(n)

habit

Upon visiting his doctor, Ted is surprised to learn he has a brain tumor. This may explain why Ted cannot stop eating and eats as much food as possible. Ted may have a tumor in the part of his brain called the

hypothalamus

Sydney, who is currently in a good mood, has been asked about her life satisfaction. According to the affect-as-information theory, Sydney will most likely respond that she.

is generally happy with her life

Though it appears to be negative, guilt can actually serve to protect and strengthen our interpersonal relationships. All of the following are examples of this protective concept except when guilt

is used to manipulate others

Tamera and Kai found a house they want to buy. The day they found it, they had been having a wonderful time house hunting and planning their life together. A few days later, after having a miserable day at work, Kai goes back to look at the house again. Tamera predicts that Kai will like the house ___ because of ___

less; affect-as-information theory

Mr. Griffin has a class full of students with high achievement motivation. To help these students do well on his calculus exam, Mr. Griffin should write questions that are

moderately difficult

Hugh is sad that his best friend is studying abroad for the entire academic year. His brother tries to get him to go to some social events, but Hugh does not want to do anything. Hugh's behavior is not energized, directed, or sustained, and he is lacking

motivation

Today is Bridget's first day of college. She is excited to conquer this new challenge. Bridget, along with other students who are high in achievement motivation, is more likely to choose a seat

near the front of the classroom

researchers have found that the physical expression of pride tends to be more biologically based than culturally specific. Each of the following research findings support this claim except

people in isolated communities cannot identify expressions of pride on the faces of people who are outside of their culture

Rose is explaining the different theories of emotion to his younger brother. When describing the two-factor theory, he explains that a situation causes a

physiological response that is followed by a physiological label

Dominic is watching a horror movie at the movie theater. His heart is racing, he feels scared, and he considers leaving to calm down. Instead, he begins to think about how the blood in the movie is not real and the people are only actors. Dominic is using which strategy to regulate his emotions?

reappraisal

Gwen has always experienced extreme anxiety regarding tests. After seeing a counselor, she learned how to regulate her emotions during exam week. Instead of thinking about the exams as a threat, she thinks of the exams as an opportunity to show how thoroughly she studies and how much she knows. Which strategy is Gwen using to regulate her emotions?

reappraisal

Hernando and Fiona are in an advanced math class, which they love. In order to increase his effort in the class, Hernando's parents give him $5 for every "A" that he gets. Fiona's parents do not reward her for good grades. Which of the following concepts suggests that Fiona is more likely to do well in the class

self-determination theory

Stewart desperately wants a job in computers. During his interview, he is aggressive about his thoughts and ideas. A motivation theorist who interprets Stewart' behavior in terms of extrinsic motivation would say that Stewart's behavior in the interview is most likely motivated by

the incentive of wanting to earn a high salary

Cynthia's psychology professor asks the class not to think about purple unicorns. Though Cynthia has never once before thought about a purple unicorn, she finds that she cannot stop thinking about them. Cynthia is experiencing _______ as a result of her attempts at _______.

the rebound effect; thought suppression

Janet and Joan are on a hot air balloon ride. They experience identical patterns of physiological arousal: increased heart rate, sweaty palms, pupil dilation, and increased breathing. After each women assesses the environment, Janet interprets her response as being excited while Joan interprets her response as being very scared. Which theory of emotion can best explain this difference

two-factor

Linda is feeling shaky, her heart is racing, and her mouth is dry. She attributes these symptoms to the fact that she has a big presentation in five minutes and she is nervous. Which theory of emotion best explains Linda's experience?

two-factor

Parvati is a competitive gymnast at the Olympic trials. She is highly motivated to perform her absolute best. Given your knowledge of the effects of arousal on performance, the best advice you can give Parvati is that she should calm down because

very high arousal can hurt her performance