PY201 C3
Which field of study focuses on genes and their expression?
Epigenetics
________ is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression.
Epigenetics
________ refers to a person's genetic makeup, while ________ refers to a person's physical characteristics.
Genotype; phenotype
A(n) ________ uses magnetic fields to create pictures of a given tissue.
MRI
---traits, such as height, are controlled by more than one gene.
Polygenic
Damage to the ________ disrupts one's ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one's ability to produce words intact.
Wernicke's Area
During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?
adrenal
The ________ gland secretes epinephrine.
adrenal
A(n) ________ facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system.
agonist
Which type of chemical messenger do the male gonads secrete?
androgens
The peripheral nervous system is made up of thick bundles of ____________ carrying messages back and forth between the central nervous system and the muscles, organs, and senses in the periphery of the body.
axons
The central nervous system is comprised of ________.
brain and spinal cord
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of DNA.
chromosomes
The ________ receive(s) incoming signals from other neurons.
dendrites
Communication occurs between neurons in the myelin sheath.
false
The central nervous system connects the peripheral nervous system to the rest of the body.
false
Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively. They characterize the surface of the human brain.
folds; grooves
A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives.
genetics
The two major hormones secreted from the pancreas are:
glucagon and insulin
Which of the following terms refers to a state of equilibrium in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels?
homeostasis
The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.
hormones
The thyroid gland releases hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite. When someone has ______________, the thyroid secretes too much of the hormone thyroxine, causing agitation, bulging eyes, and weight loss.
hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进症
An action potential involves Na+ moving ________ the cell and K+ moving ________ the cell.
inside; outside
The electrical charge of fluids is caused by charged ____________ dissolved in the fluid environment (extracellular and intracellular).
ions
The ________ secretes messenger hormones that direct the function of the rest of the endocrine glands.
pituitary
Height is an example of __________, which means that a trait is controlled by more than one gene.
polygenic
The hindbrain is located at the back of the head and looks like an extension of the spinal cord. It contains the medulla, cerebellum, and ____________.
pons
Sympathetic activation is associated with ________.
pupil dilation AND increased heart rate
Which of the following asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall?
range of reaction
Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the ________ nervous system.
somatic
Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.
somatic _躯干神经系统的感觉神经和运动神经元与传统上被认为是有意识或自愿的活动有关。
Which of the following is not a structure of the forebrain?
substantia nigra
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
sympathetic
The --- is the space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron.
synapse
The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.
temperature, touch, and pain
The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing.
thalamus
Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________.
the contributions of genes and environment in a population
A given gene may code for the trait of hair color and the different alleles of that gene affect which hair color an individual has.
true
The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as hormones.
true
The spinal cord acts like a relay station by routing messages to and from the brain. It also has its own system of automatic processes.
true
The ________ secretes hormones that regulate the body's fluid levels.
pituitary
Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.
23
Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?
Broca's area
A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA.
mutation
Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the ________.
myelin sheath
If your ________ is activated, you will feel relatively at ease.
parasympathetic nervous system