PY201 C3

Which field of study focuses on genes and their expression?

Epigenetics

________ is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression.

Epigenetics

________ refers to a person's genetic makeup, while ________ refers to a person's physical characteristics.

Genotype; phenotype

A(n) ________ uses magnetic fields to create pictures of a given tissue.

MRI

---traits, such as height, are controlled by more than one gene.

Polygenic

Damage to the ________ disrupts one's ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one's ability to produce words intact.

Wernicke's Area

During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?

adrenal

The ________ gland secretes epinephrine.

adrenal

A(n) ________ facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system.

agonist

Which type of chemical messenger do the male gonads secrete?

androgens

The peripheral nervous system is made up of thick bundles of ____________ carrying messages back and forth between the central nervous system and the muscles, organs, and senses in the periphery of the body.

axons

The central nervous system is comprised of ________.

brain and spinal cord

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of DNA.

chromosomes

The ________ receive(s) incoming signals from other neurons.

dendrites

Communication occurs between neurons in the myelin sheath.

false

The central nervous system connects the peripheral nervous system to the rest of the body.

false

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively. They characterize the surface of the human brain.

folds; grooves

A difference in ________ can explain why one person dies from a disease and another person survives.

genetics

The two major hormones secreted from the pancreas are:

glucagon and insulin

Which of the following terms refers to a state of equilibrium in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels?

homeostasis

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as ________.

hormones

The thyroid gland releases hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite. When someone has ______________, the thyroid secretes too much of the hormone thyroxine, causing agitation, bulging eyes, and weight loss.

hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进症

An action potential involves Na+ moving ________ the cell and K+ moving ________ the cell.

inside; outside

The electrical charge of fluids is caused by charged ____________ dissolved in the fluid environment (extracellular and intracellular).

ions

The ________ secretes messenger hormones that direct the function of the rest of the endocrine glands.

pituitary

Height is an example of __________, which means that a trait is controlled by more than one gene.

polygenic

The hindbrain is located at the back of the head and looks like an extension of the spinal cord. It contains the medulla, cerebellum, and ____________.

pons

Sympathetic activation is associated with ________.

pupil dilation AND increased heart rate

Which of the following asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall?

range of reaction

Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the ________ nervous system.

somatic

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

somatic _躯干神经系统的感觉神经和运动神经元与传统上被认为是有意识或自愿的活动有关。

Which of the following is not a structure of the forebrain?

substantia nigra

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic

The --- is the space between the terminal button of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron.

synapse

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.

temperature, touch, and pain

The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing.

thalamus

Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________.

the contributions of genes and environment in a population

A given gene may code for the trait of hair color and the different alleles of that gene affect which hair color an individual has.

true

The endocrine system consists of a series of glands that produce chemical substances known as hormones.

true

The spinal cord acts like a relay station by routing messages to and from the brain. It also has its own system of automatic processes.

true

The ________ secretes hormones that regulate the body's fluid levels.

pituitary

Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.

23

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?

Broca's area

A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA.

mutation

Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the ________.

myelin sheath

If your ________ is activated, you will feel relatively at ease.

parasympathetic nervous system