Quality of Life Midterm 200

According to the general adaptation syndrome theory, how does the body typically respond to an acute stressor?

The body demonstrates three stages of change: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Which of the following statements is true about the obesity levels in Americans?

There has been a significant decline in obesity among children age 2 to 5 years

Which of the following is true of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Without recognition and treatment, PTSD can last for decades

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which of the following statements is true of sleep-related problems among Americans? -Normal sleep times range from 10 to 20 hours -Women are more likely than men to report not getting enough sleep -Poor-quality sleepers report drinking less alcohol than good sleepers -Asian Americans report getting less sleep compared with all other minorities

Women are more likely than men to report not getting enough sleep

Which of the following statements is true of the health differences between men and women? -The overall mortality rate of women is higher than that of men -Girls are more likely to be born prematurely than boys -Women die at a younger age than men -Women are more likely to suffer from depression than men

Women are more likely to suffer from depression than men

Which of the following statements is true of the waist-to-hip ratio?

Women in their reproductive years are more likely to accumulate fat around the hips and thighs

The transactional model views stress as _______

a function both of stressors and of a person's reaction to them

Stress is defined as _______

a motivational strategy for making life changes

The World Health Organization defines "health" as?

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

What is burnout?

a state of exhaustion brought on by constant or repeated emotional pressure

Which of the following suggestions should be adopted in order to gain weight in healthy ways?

Eat more of a variety of foods rather than more high-fat, high-calorie foods

Which of the following is a factor that increases vulnerability to a mental disorder among undergraduates?

Financial pressures

According to which theory or model of personal change do people take a health-related action if they feel susceptible to a possible negative consequence?

Health belief

____ health describes our ability to perceive reality as it is, to respond to its challenges, and to develop rational strategies for living.

Mental

Which of the following statements is true about weight loss diets?

Most dieters lose only about 5 percent of their initial weight and gain some of that back

Which of the following strategies will benefit students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Record lectures rather than taking notes

_______ is a bacterium that contaminates many foods, particularly undercooked chicken, eggs, and sometimes processed meat

Salmonella

The highest level of the "Maslow Pyramid' of human needs is ______.

Self-actualization

_______ produce a fight-or-flight response and prompt the immune system to ready itself for the possibility of infections resulting from bites, punctures, or other wounds.

acute time-limited stressors

For individuals with _______, food is a threat to their sense of self, identity, and autonomy

anorexia nervosa

The "Mediterranean Diet" includes foods that are rich in _____

antioxidants

People who are autonomous ______.

are true to themselves

Which of the following techniques will help a student with time management?

chunking smaller tasks together into larger tasks

Which of the following therapies focuses on modifying inappropriate or inaccurate thoughts or beliefs to help individuals break out of a distorted, maladaptive way of thinking? -family-focused therapy -behavioral therapy -cognitive therapy -interpersonal therapy

cognitive therapy

College students who report higher stress levels are more likely to

consume junk food and soft drinks

Which of the following health dangers is associated with sweetened soft drinks?

damage to tooth enamel

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of major depression? -racing thoughts -relationship problems -difficulty concentrating -increased sensory sensitivity

difficulty concentrating

Which of the following information is now required by the FDA on Nutrition Facts labels?

information about the amount of added sugars or empty calories in a food product

Learning from life experiences and the capacity to question and evaluate information requires _______ health.

intellectual

Nutritional quackery can be difficult to recognize because _______

it is often expressed in scientific-sounding terms

"Food insecurity" on college campuses is defined as _______

limited availability of healthy foods

Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of cancer by _______

maintaining a healthy weight

Steps to enrich your spiritual life can include ____

making time for silence

Being assertive includes _____

making your needs and desires clear to others

A relaxed, peaceful state of being can be achieved with which of the following activities?

meditating for 15 minutes

The most widely publicized dietary supplement for relieving insomnia contains ______.

melatonin

Which of the following is a concern of men about their body image?

men often want either to lose or gain weight or to add muscle and bulk

Which of the following is one of the health issues that college students in particular experience? -obesity -a high-fat diet -mental disorders -respiratory illnesses

mental disorders

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of bipolar disorder? -lack of energy -persistent thoughts of death -mood swings -eating more or less than usual

mood swings

Traumatic events that might trigger acute stress disorder include which of the following? -loss of a friend in an accident -breakup of a relationship -personal or physical assault -failing a course

personal or physical assault

Which of the following anxiety disorders is treated with a process called systematic desensitization? -panic attack -phobia -generalized anxiety disorder -obsessive-compulsive disorder

phobia

The primary benefit of exercise reported by college students is _____

physical fitness

Which of the following factors has resulted in an increase in overweight and obese people in the United States?

physical inactivity

Factors that influence health behavior that include knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, and perceptions are ______ factors.

predisposing

Which of the following treatments for obesity has proven to be effective?

prescription medications

A person suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder may experience which of the following symptoms? -procrastination -constant thirst -drowsiness -terror-filled dreams

terror-filled dreams

Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid? -milkfat -animal fat -cholesterol -vegetable oil

vegetable oil

Th classes of essential nutrients include which of the following? -amino acids, antioxidants, fiber, and cholesterol -proteins, calcium, calories, and folic acid -water, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals -iron, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables

water, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals

Which of the following is a proven successful strategy for each for attaining and maintaining a healthy weight?

weighing yourself regularly

Which of the following is true of suicide? -individuals with a high level of serotonin may have a greater risk of committing suicide than those with lower levels -white americans are at the lowest risk for suicide -women attempt suicide much more often than men -suicide usually stems from a single cause

women attempt suicide much more often than men

Which of the following is a concern of women about their body image?

women express greater worry about thinness

Which age group of Americans experiences the greatest health deficits?

young adults

______ refers to the relationship between calories consumed from foods and beverages and calories expended in normal body functions and through physical activity

Calorie balance

What is the first step in the process of values clarification?

Carefully consider the consequences of each choice

For substantial health benefits, the government recommends at least _____ minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise a week

150

The minimum amount of exercise required for a significant lowering of the risk of premature dying is _____ MET minutes of exercise a week

500

Which of the following statements is true of BMI?

A BMI between 35 and 39.9 means increased risk of premature death

_____ people have the lowest obesity rates

Asian American

______ refers to the number of calories needed to sustain the human body at rest

Basal metabolic rate

Which of the following approaches to practicing positive psychology requires a person to expect positive experiences from life?

Becoming optimistic

Areas of the brain responsible for tasks such as _____ are not fully developed until the mid-20s.

Organizing and planning

Which of the following is produced by the pituitary gland as a response to stress and is also called the "cuddle chemical"?

Oxytocin

_____ takes into account the role of early experiences and unconscious influences in actively shaping behavior

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Which of the following is one of the ways in which female and male brains differ? -Women's brains are larger relative to overall body size than men's -Men are more sensitive to sound -Women respond to emotions more quickly than men do -When men actively think about something, neurons turn on in highly specific areas of the brain

When men actively think about something, neurons turn on on highly specific areas of the brain

People who are overweight are at increased risk of suffering from _____

cancer

______ refers to the ability of the heart to pump blood through the body efficiently

cardiorespiratory fitness

Reducing intake of saturated fats can significantly reduce the risk of ______

cardiovascular disease

Which of the following behaviors may signal a potential problem with compulsive overeating?

frequently talking about food or refusing to talk about food

Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate? -fiber -grain -glucose -artificial sweetener

glucose

Individuals most likely to benefit from obesity surgery _______

have a BMI over 40

Which of the following statements is true about the social consequences of obesity?

heavy women are less likely to marry

Another term for looking at an individual's health as a whole rather than part by part is

holistic

"Neustress" is a term that has been introduced to refer to ______ stresses.

neutral

Which of the following criteria must be met by foods that are certified as organic?

not using pesticides or herbicides

Which of the following statements is true about the impact of unhealthy choices on young Americans? -obese children often grow into obese adults, with risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease -a mild rise in blood pressure during young adulthood does not increase the risk of clogged heart arteries by middle age -young adults who begin using tobacco or alcohol in their teens and 20s are less likely to continue to do so as they get older -aerobic fitness has little impact on the cardiovascular health of individuals in later years

obese children often grow into obese adults, with risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Panic attacks_____.

occur more frequently among family members with the disorder

The most common source of stress, as reported by about two-thirds of the people who responded to a recent American Psychological Association survey, is

one's job

The _______ principle states that muscles must work against a greater-than-normal resistance in order to get stronger

overload

Which of the following is true of college students' fitness habits?

part-time or employed students exercise less than full-time students

The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that _________

people are most motivated when they are most stressed

Which of the following is a factor that enables individuals to thrive in the face of adversity?

self-actualization

Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder

realize that their behaviors are irrational

Americans get most of their complex carbohydrates from ______

refined grains

Which of the following is one of the things that people who practice self-compassion tend to do? -think optimistically -count their blessings -believe in their abilities -refuse to engage in self-pity

refuse to engage in self-pity

Hussain was an athlete throughout high school. However, he stopped exercising once he reached college, and his fitness levels dropped to half. This is an example of the principle.

reversibility

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, _____ is characterized by abnormalities in brain structure and chemistry, destroys "the inner unity of the mind," and weakens "the will and drive that constitute our essential character."

schizophrenia

If you lose weight suddenly without knowing why, you should .

see a doctor

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines, which of the following nutrients do most people need to cut back on?

sodium

Which of the following statements is true of stress and the the gastrointestinal system? -stress can constrict blood vessels in the digestive tract -stress can increase saliva in the mouth -stress can decrease the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach -stress can dilate the esophagus

stress can constrict blood vessels in the digestive tract

What kind of experiences that racial minorities have are referred to as microaggressions?

subtle negations of identity

Neurons?

transmit information within the brain and throughout the body by means of electrical impulses and chemical messengers