Quality of Life Midterm 200
According to the general adaptation syndrome theory, how does the body typically respond to an acute stressor?
The body demonstrates three stages of change: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
Which of the following statements is true about the obesity levels in Americans?
There has been a significant decline in obesity among children age 2 to 5 years
Which of the following is true of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Without recognition and treatment, PTSD can last for decades
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which of the following statements is true of sleep-related problems among Americans? -Normal sleep times range from 10 to 20 hours -Women are more likely than men to report not getting enough sleep -Poor-quality sleepers report drinking less alcohol than good sleepers -Asian Americans report getting less sleep compared with all other minorities
Women are more likely than men to report not getting enough sleep
Which of the following statements is true of the health differences between men and women? -The overall mortality rate of women is higher than that of men -Girls are more likely to be born prematurely than boys -Women die at a younger age than men -Women are more likely to suffer from depression than men
Women are more likely to suffer from depression than men
Which of the following statements is true of the waist-to-hip ratio?
Women in their reproductive years are more likely to accumulate fat around the hips and thighs
The transactional model views stress as _______
a function both of stressors and of a person's reaction to them
Stress is defined as _______
a motivational strategy for making life changes
The World Health Organization defines "health" as?
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
What is burnout?
a state of exhaustion brought on by constant or repeated emotional pressure
Which of the following suggestions should be adopted in order to gain weight in healthy ways?
Eat more of a variety of foods rather than more high-fat, high-calorie foods
Which of the following is a factor that increases vulnerability to a mental disorder among undergraduates?
Financial pressures
According to which theory or model of personal change do people take a health-related action if they feel susceptible to a possible negative consequence?
Health belief
____ health describes our ability to perceive reality as it is, to respond to its challenges, and to develop rational strategies for living.
Mental
Which of the following statements is true about weight loss diets?
Most dieters lose only about 5 percent of their initial weight and gain some of that back
Which of the following strategies will benefit students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Record lectures rather than taking notes
_______ is a bacterium that contaminates many foods, particularly undercooked chicken, eggs, and sometimes processed meat
Salmonella
The highest level of the "Maslow Pyramid' of human needs is ______.
Self-actualization
_______ produce a fight-or-flight response and prompt the immune system to ready itself for the possibility of infections resulting from bites, punctures, or other wounds.
acute time-limited stressors
For individuals with _______, food is a threat to their sense of self, identity, and autonomy
anorexia nervosa
The "Mediterranean Diet" includes foods that are rich in _____
antioxidants
People who are autonomous ______.
are true to themselves
Which of the following techniques will help a student with time management?
chunking smaller tasks together into larger tasks
Which of the following therapies focuses on modifying inappropriate or inaccurate thoughts or beliefs to help individuals break out of a distorted, maladaptive way of thinking? -family-focused therapy -behavioral therapy -cognitive therapy -interpersonal therapy
cognitive therapy
College students who report higher stress levels are more likely to
consume junk food and soft drinks
Which of the following health dangers is associated with sweetened soft drinks?
damage to tooth enamel
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of major depression? -racing thoughts -relationship problems -difficulty concentrating -increased sensory sensitivity
difficulty concentrating
Which of the following information is now required by the FDA on Nutrition Facts labels?
information about the amount of added sugars or empty calories in a food product
Learning from life experiences and the capacity to question and evaluate information requires _______ health.
intellectual
Nutritional quackery can be difficult to recognize because _______
it is often expressed in scientific-sounding terms
"Food insecurity" on college campuses is defined as _______
limited availability of healthy foods
Regular physical activity can reduce the risk of cancer by _______
maintaining a healthy weight
Steps to enrich your spiritual life can include ____
making time for silence
Being assertive includes _____
making your needs and desires clear to others
A relaxed, peaceful state of being can be achieved with which of the following activities?
meditating for 15 minutes
The most widely publicized dietary supplement for relieving insomnia contains ______.
melatonin
Which of the following is a concern of men about their body image?
men often want either to lose or gain weight or to add muscle and bulk
Which of the following is one of the health issues that college students in particular experience? -obesity -a high-fat diet -mental disorders -respiratory illnesses
mental disorders
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of bipolar disorder? -lack of energy -persistent thoughts of death -mood swings -eating more or less than usual
mood swings
Traumatic events that might trigger acute stress disorder include which of the following? -loss of a friend in an accident -breakup of a relationship -personal or physical assault -failing a course
personal or physical assault
Which of the following anxiety disorders is treated with a process called systematic desensitization? -panic attack -phobia -generalized anxiety disorder -obsessive-compulsive disorder
phobia
The primary benefit of exercise reported by college students is _____
physical fitness
Which of the following factors has resulted in an increase in overweight and obese people in the United States?
physical inactivity
Factors that influence health behavior that include knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, and perceptions are ______ factors.
predisposing
Which of the following treatments for obesity has proven to be effective?
prescription medications
A person suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder may experience which of the following symptoms? -procrastination -constant thirst -drowsiness -terror-filled dreams
terror-filled dreams
Which of the following is an unsaturated fatty acid? -milkfat -animal fat -cholesterol -vegetable oil
vegetable oil
Th classes of essential nutrients include which of the following? -amino acids, antioxidants, fiber, and cholesterol -proteins, calcium, calories, and folic acid -water, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals -iron, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables
water, protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals
Which of the following is a proven successful strategy for each for attaining and maintaining a healthy weight?
weighing yourself regularly
Which of the following is true of suicide? -individuals with a high level of serotonin may have a greater risk of committing suicide than those with lower levels -white americans are at the lowest risk for suicide -women attempt suicide much more often than men -suicide usually stems from a single cause
women attempt suicide much more often than men
Which of the following is a concern of women about their body image?
women express greater worry about thinness
Which age group of Americans experiences the greatest health deficits?
young adults
______ refers to the relationship between calories consumed from foods and beverages and calories expended in normal body functions and through physical activity
Calorie balance
What is the first step in the process of values clarification?
Carefully consider the consequences of each choice
For substantial health benefits, the government recommends at least _____ minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise a week
150
The minimum amount of exercise required for a significant lowering of the risk of premature dying is _____ MET minutes of exercise a week
500
Which of the following statements is true of BMI?
A BMI between 35 and 39.9 means increased risk of premature death
_____ people have the lowest obesity rates
Asian American
______ refers to the number of calories needed to sustain the human body at rest
Basal metabolic rate
Which of the following approaches to practicing positive psychology requires a person to expect positive experiences from life?
Becoming optimistic
Areas of the brain responsible for tasks such as _____ are not fully developed until the mid-20s.
Organizing and planning
Which of the following is produced by the pituitary gland as a response to stress and is also called the "cuddle chemical"?
Oxytocin
_____ takes into account the role of early experiences and unconscious influences in actively shaping behavior
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Which of the following is one of the ways in which female and male brains differ? -Women's brains are larger relative to overall body size than men's -Men are more sensitive to sound -Women respond to emotions more quickly than men do -When men actively think about something, neurons turn on in highly specific areas of the brain
When men actively think about something, neurons turn on on highly specific areas of the brain
People who are overweight are at increased risk of suffering from _____
cancer
______ refers to the ability of the heart to pump blood through the body efficiently
cardiorespiratory fitness
Reducing intake of saturated fats can significantly reduce the risk of ______
cardiovascular disease
Which of the following behaviors may signal a potential problem with compulsive overeating?
frequently talking about food or refusing to talk about food
Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate? -fiber -grain -glucose -artificial sweetener
glucose
Individuals most likely to benefit from obesity surgery _______
have a BMI over 40
Which of the following statements is true about the social consequences of obesity?
heavy women are less likely to marry
Another term for looking at an individual's health as a whole rather than part by part is
holistic
"Neustress" is a term that has been introduced to refer to ______ stresses.
neutral
Which of the following criteria must be met by foods that are certified as organic?
not using pesticides or herbicides
Which of the following statements is true about the impact of unhealthy choices on young Americans? -obese children often grow into obese adults, with risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease -a mild rise in blood pressure during young adulthood does not increase the risk of clogged heart arteries by middle age -young adults who begin using tobacco or alcohol in their teens and 20s are less likely to continue to do so as they get older -aerobic fitness has little impact on the cardiovascular health of individuals in later years
obese children often grow into obese adults, with risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Panic attacks_____.
occur more frequently among family members with the disorder
The most common source of stress, as reported by about two-thirds of the people who responded to a recent American Psychological Association survey, is
one's job
The _______ principle states that muscles must work against a greater-than-normal resistance in order to get stronger
overload
Which of the following is true of college students' fitness habits?
part-time or employed students exercise less than full-time students
The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that _________
people are most motivated when they are most stressed
Which of the following is a factor that enables individuals to thrive in the face of adversity?
self-actualization
Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder
realize that their behaviors are irrational
Americans get most of their complex carbohydrates from ______
refined grains
Which of the following is one of the things that people who practice self-compassion tend to do? -think optimistically -count their blessings -believe in their abilities -refuse to engage in self-pity
refuse to engage in self-pity
Hussain was an athlete throughout high school. However, he stopped exercising once he reached college, and his fitness levels dropped to half. This is an example of the principle.
reversibility
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, _____ is characterized by abnormalities in brain structure and chemistry, destroys "the inner unity of the mind," and weakens "the will and drive that constitute our essential character."
schizophrenia
If you lose weight suddenly without knowing why, you should .
see a doctor
According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines, which of the following nutrients do most people need to cut back on?
sodium
Which of the following statements is true of stress and the the gastrointestinal system? -stress can constrict blood vessels in the digestive tract -stress can increase saliva in the mouth -stress can decrease the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach -stress can dilate the esophagus
stress can constrict blood vessels in the digestive tract
What kind of experiences that racial minorities have are referred to as microaggressions?
subtle negations of identity
Neurons?
transmit information within the brain and throughout the body by means of electrical impulses and chemical messengers
