Quals - ALL SUMMARIES

Make magazine is a quarterly publication focused on do-it-yourself projects involving technology and innovation. The magazine also sponsors a biannual event, the Maker Faire, that brings ???makers??? together to share their knowledge. As a strategy for building audience loyalty and identification with the magazine, the Make products are skillfully crafted. However, they also invoke ideals such as environmentalism and nationalism in a potent mix that not only engages readers, but also represents an additional cultural demonstration of the phenomenon of technological utopianism.

From a publication called "We Need a Showing of All Hands": Technological Utopianism in MAKE Magazine authored by Sivek, Susan Currie 2011 New Abstract, go

"Focusing on the so-called offshore-base dispute after the 1995 rape incident, this article examines the intricacies of Okinawan resistance in the context of the nation-state and the larger processes of global history. In so doing, it aims to advance the potentialities of the new-social-movements literature (concerning everyday practices of culture, identity, and difference) by explicitly restoring old politico-economic questions (class structure and the material conditions of life, along with the unity of agendas and actors) to contemporary social criticism. Showing that a particular Okinawan identity has been produced in the context of improved material conditions of life, it ethnographically examines the articulation of Okinawa's historical unity and contemporary diversity. Attention is given to Okinawa's endeavors to ground its collective consciousness not so much in the notion of a poor, oppressed "people" as in the notion of confident, affluent "citizens" of diverse backgrounds awakened to globally disseminated ideas concerning ecology, peace, women's issues, and human rights. The paper concludes by reclaiming "the romance of resistance" from the somewhat excessive concern of the new-social- movements literature with issues of everyday power and resistance."

From a publication called "We Are Okinawans But of a Different Kind": New/Old Social Movements and the U.S. Military in Okinawa authored by Inoue, Masamichi 2004 New Abstract, go

This is one of the most widely quoted resources in many of the current studies of Content Analysis. Recommended as another good, basic resource, as Krippendorff presents the major issues of Content Analysis in much the same way as Weber (1975). (cited: https://www.ischool.utexas.edu/$\sim$palmquis/courses/content.html)

From a publication called Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology authored by Krippendorff, Klaus 1980 New Abstract, go

"It is by now a commonplace that, in translocal contexts, modernities must increasingly be theorized in the plural as diverse global phenomena reflecting multiple local agendas. The traditional/modern binary that was once a central mobilizing trope of anthropology, in which modernity is viewed as a ""robust and noxious weed whose spreadc hokes the delicate life"" out of ""authentic""l ocal and traditional meanings (Pigg 1996:164), has been revealed as inadequate to explain ways that discourses of the modern may be deployed oppositionally, for example, by those who seek access to modernity's language of rights against an oppressive state. At the same time ""local"" modernities do not proliferate indiscriminately without reference to the originally modern West; they are intimately implicated in questions of Western universalism and its relation to Western nationalism. As Rey Chow writes, modernity must be understood ""as a force of cultural expansionism whose foundations are not only emancipatory but also Eurocentric and patriarchal"" (1992:101). In this article I will examine the personal accounts of a marginalized population of professionally ambitious Japanese women to show how they deploy discourses of the modern, or ""narratives of internationalism,"" to construct an ""emancipatory"" turn to the foreign/West in opposition to gender-stratified corporate and family structures in Japan.1 It should be noted at the outset that such internationalized professional women constitute a small minority of Japanese women; as Ogasawara observes in her recent book, the majority of young women in Japan still hold marriage and full-time motherhood as their primary life goal (1998:62-63). For the small number of women who are enabled by their age, marital status, economic resources, and familial flexibility (among other factors) to explore the cosmopolitan possibilities of internationalization, however, this option can lead to opportunities to travel, study, and work abroad and to the discovery of a female niche in the international job market as translators, interpreters, consultants, bilingual secretaries, entrepreneurs, international aid workers, United Nations employees, and so on."

From a publication called Gender, Modernity, and Eroticized Internationalism in Japan authored by Kelsky, Karen 1999 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called The Anthropologist as Ontological Choreographer authored by Brun-Cottan, Francoise 2009 New Abstract, go

"This article focuses on the circulation and consumption of Japanese commodities invested with an informal, domestic form of spirituality, translated as 'luck'. Tambiah has argued that the dissemination of spiritual power objectified in Thai Buddhist amulets reflects the 'differential power distribution' and 'social control' vested in an hierarchically ordered lay society. My Japanese case study suggests that commodification of religious forms enables a more democratic diffusion of spirituality. Good luck charms are neither sacred nor secular; they challenge the supposed divide between the aesthetic value and utility of objects. They are part of extended networks of human and non-human agents, but through their various trajectories they also retain an independent agency rooted in their material properties."

From a publication called The Mutual Co-Construction of Online and Onground in Cyborganic: Making an Ethnography of Networked Social Media Speak to Challenges of the Posthuman authored by Cool, Jennifer 2012 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Unwrapping Japan: Society and culture in anthropological perspective authored by Ben-Ari, Eyal; Moeran, Brian & Valentine, Jim 2010 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Anthropological Practice in Business and Industry authored by Baba, Marietta L. 2005 New Abstract, go

Use Robertson's Intro about "keeping Japan in Anthropology" This Companion offers an unprecedented overview of anthropology's unique contribution to the study of politics. Explores the key concepts and issues of our time - from AIDS, globalization, displacement, and militarization, to identity politics and beyond Each chapter reflects on concepts and issues that have shaped the anthropology of politics and concludes with thoughts on and challenges for the way ahead Anthropology's distinctive genre, ethnography, lies at the heart of this volume

From a publication called A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan authored by Robertson, Jennifer 2008 New Abstract, go

Shareholder-owned corporations were the central pillars of the US economy in the twentieth century. Due to the success of the shareholder value movement and the widespread ???Nikefication??? of production, however, public corporations have become less concentrated, less integrated, less interconnected at the top, shorter-lived, and less prevalent since the turn of the twenty-first century, and there is reason to expect that their significance will continue to dwindle. We are left with both pathologies (heightened inequality, lower mobility, and a fragmented social safety net) and new technologies suitable for being repurposed in more democratic forms. Local solutions for producing, distributing, and sharing can provide functional alternatives to corporations for both production and employment; what is needed is the social organization to match the tools that we already have, or will have shortly. The time for democratic local economic forms prophesied by generations of activists may finally be at hand.

From a publication called After the Corporation authored by Davis, Gerald F. 2013 New Abstract, go

The editors asked me to reflect on the future of an anthropology of the New Economy. With them, I take the latter as a construct that captures a moment of unsettlement: technoexuberance and sharp boom and bust cycles. To respond to the editors' request, I single out one particuJar issue to which the different essays make substantive contributions even though it is not a central aim of this volume: how to conceptualize the new information and communication technologies (tcTs). This choice also resolves my problem with the notion of the New Economy. The research and interpretive strategies used by the authors to examine the New Economy provide one angle into the Jatger question of how to study these technologies. Notwithstanding highly diverse objects of study and interpretive strategies, these essays all engage the question of the new tCTs. Yet these never become an object of study nor the occasion for a heuristic about research and interpretation in this realm. It is difficult to do justice in a short afterword to this volume's rich contribution. And it is a daunting task since these essays arise from several complex research fields. Finally, in a volume so aware of knowledge practices, including those of the authors themselves, I should identify the particular and inevitably partial stance from which I write this afterword. It is centered in efforts that have organized my research over the last twenty yea.rs. Th<·se efforts include grounding technical and abstract systems in thick environments; deciphering the need for cultures of interpretation by users of complex mathematical financial instruments; detecting the social logics that organize electronic interactive domains and "distort" the technical logics of engineers' designs

From a publication called Afterword: Knowledge Practices and Subject Making at the Edge authored by Sassen, Saskia 2006 New Abstract, go

Hailed on first publication as a compendium of foundational principles and cutting-edge research, The Human-Computer Interaction Handbook has become the gold standard reference in this field. Derived from select chapters of this groundbreaking resource, Human-Computer Interaction: The Development Practice addresses requirements specification, design and development, and testing and evaluation activities. It also covers task analysis, contextual design, personas, scenario-based design, participatory design, and a variety of evaluation techniques including usability testing, inspection-based and model-based evaluation, and survey design. The book includes contributions from eminent researchers and professionals from around the world who, under the guidance of editors Andrew Sear and Julie Jacko, explore visionary perspectives and developments that fundamentally transform the discipline and its practice.

From a publication called An Ethnographic Approach to Design authored by Blomberg, Jeanette L. & Burrell, Mark 2009 New Abstract, go

"Business and industry are fundamental ways of organizing economic activity to meet basic human needs in modern market societies. Business means the buying and selling of goods and services in the marketplace (also known as commerce or trade), while industry refers to the organized production of goods and services on a large scale. These terms, when used in the anthropological context (e.g., business or industrial anthropology1), may be used to refer to one or more of the three major domains of anthropological research and practice in the private sector 1) anthropology related to the process of producing goods and services, and the corporate organizations in which production takes place; 2) ethnographically-informed design of new products, services and systems for consumers and businesses, and/or 3) anthropology related to the behavior of consumers and the marketplace. In this article, we explore these domains, beginning with a discussion of the historical development of the field, and continuing with an overview of the contemporary landscape."

From a publication called Anthropology and Business authored by Baba, Marietta L. 2006 New Abstract, go

The premise of this article is that the expansive domain of business, as expressed in its market-transaction based, organizational, and institutional forms, has influenced the development or ???making??? of anthropology as a discipline and a profession for the better part of a century (i.e., since the 1920s). The influences were reciprocal, in that making anthropology played a role in forming the industrial order of the early 20th century and established precedents for the interaction of anthropology and the business domain that continues into the contemporary era. Anthropologists acknowledge that the time has come for our discipline to attend to business and its corporate forms and engage them as legitimate subjects of inquiry (Fisher and Downey 2006; Cefkin 2009; Welker et. al. 2011), and this suggests that it would be prudent to examine the ways in which business is focusing upon anthropology, and the potential implications of such attention. Throughout this article, the term ???business??? will refer to private firms as members of an institutional field, meaning ???organizations that in the aggregate, constitute a recognized area of institutional life??? (; i.e., the totality of relevant actors; Bourdieu 1971; DiMaggio and Powell 1983:148). Over time, this field has attracted prominent academic researchers (as will be discussed herein), who may become intellectual ???suppliers??? to businesses, and thus part of the field. Therefore, the term ???business??? may include any organization or individual that is part of the field, including academic suppliers (see also discussion section). To reflect the scope and complexity of the institutional field, the term ???domain of business??? may be used interchangeably with ???business???.

From a publication called Anthropology and Business: Influence and Interests authored by Baba, Marietta L. 2012 New Abstract, go

In Anthropology and Social Theory the award-winning anthropologist Sherry B. Ortner draws on her longstanding interest in theories of cultural practice to rethink key concepts of culture, agency, and subjectivity for the social sciences of the twenty-first century. The seven theoretical and interpretive essays in this volume each advocate reconfiguring, rather than abandoning, the concept of culture. Similarly, they all suggest that a theory which depends on the interested action of social beings???specifically practice theory, associated especially with the work of Pierre Bourdieu???requires a more developed notion of human agency and a richer conception of human subjectivity. Ortner shows how social theory must both build upon and move beyond classic practice theory in order to understand the contemporary world.Some of the essays reflect explicitly on theoretical concerns: the relationship between agency and power, the problematic quality of ethnographic studies of resistance, and the possibility of producing an anthropology of subjectivity. Others are ethnographic studies that apply Ortner???s theoretical framework. In these, she investigates aspects of social class, looking at the relationship between race and middle-class identity in the United States, the often invisible nature of class as a cultural identity and as an analytical category in social inquiry, and the role that public culture and media play in the creation of the class anxieties of Generation X. Written with Ortner???s characteristic lucidity, these essays constitute a major statement about the future of social theory from one of the leading anthropologists of our time./div

From a publication called Anthropology and Social Theory: Culture, Power, and the Acting Subject authored by Ortner, Sherry B. 2006 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Arbitraging Japan: Dreams of Capitalism at the End of Finance authored by Miyazaki, Hirokazu 2013 New Abstract, go

Although both modern and postmodern scholars have criticized the method of content analysis with allegations of reductionism and other epistemological limitations, it is argued here that these criticisms are ill founded. In building an argument for the validity of content analysis, the general value of artifact or text study is first considered.

From a publication called Artifactual Study in the Analysis of Culture A Defense of Content Analysis in a Postmodern Age authored by Thomas, Sari 1994 New Abstract, go

In this essay we argue that organization theory's effort to make sense of postbureaucratic organizing is hampered by a dearth of detailed studies of work. We review the history of organization theory to show that, in the past, studies of work provided an empirical foundation for theories of bureaucracy, and explain how such research became marginalized or ignored. We then discuss methodological requirements for reintegrating work studies into organization theory and indicate what the conceptual payoffs of such integration might be. These payoffs include breaking new conceptual ground, resolving theoretical puzzles, envisioning organizing processes, and revitalizing old concepts.

From a publication called Bringing Work Back In authored by Barley, Stephen R. & Kunda, Gideon 2001 New Abstract, go

Who are computer hackers? What is free software? And what does the emergence of a community dedicated to the production of free and open source software--and to hacking as a technical, aesthetic, and moral project--reveal about the values of contemporary liberalism? Exploring the rise and political significance of the free and open source software (F/OSS) movement in the United States and Europe, Coding Freedom details the ethics behind hackers' devotion to F/OSS, the social codes that guide its production, and the political struggles through which hackers question the scope and direction of copyright and patent law. In telling the story of the F/OSS movement, the book unfolds a broader narrative involving computing, the politics of access, and intellectual property. E. Gabriella Coleman tracks the ways in which hackers collaborate and examines passionate manifestos, hacker humor, free software project governance, and festive hacker conferences. Looking at the ways that hackers sustain their productive freedom, Coleman shows that these activists, driven by a commitment to their work, reformulate key ideals including free speech, transparency, and meritocracy, and refuse restrictive intellectual protections. Coleman demonstrates how hacking, so often marginalized or misunderstood, sheds light on the continuing relevance of liberalism in online collaboration.

From a publication called Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking authored by Coleman, E. Gabriella 2012 New Abstract, go

This article provides a synthesizing overview of the past 20 yr. of consumer research addressing the sociocultural, experiential, symbolic, and ideological aspects of consumption. Our aim is to provide a viable disciplinary brand for this research tradition that we call consumer culture theory (CCT). We propose that CCT has fulfilled recurrent calls for developing a distinctive body of theoretical knowledge about consumption and marketplace behaviors. In developing this argument, we redress three enduring misconceptions about the nature and analytic orientation of CCT. We then assess how CCT has contributed to consumer research by illuminating the cultural dimensions of the consumption cycle and by developing novel theorizations concerning four thematic domains of research interest.

From a publication called Consumer Culture Theory (CCT): Twenty Years of Research authored by Arnould, Eric J. & Thompson, Craig J. 2005 New Abstract, go

This review contends that the study of consumption and commodities represents a major transformation in the discipline of anthropology. It documents this metamorphosis by examining how the debate on gifts and commodities transcended its original formulation as good versus evil. It then examines the recent growth and maturity of material culture studies and nascent developments that may give rise to a political economy of consumption. It notes, however, that there is still a paucity of ethnographic research specifically devoted to these topics. The review concludes by arguing that the study of consumptiona nd commoditiesis particularly close to traditions established in the study of kinship and it may come to replace kinship as the core of anthropology, even though the two topics often have been viewed as antithetical.

From a publication called Consumption and Commodities authored by Miller, Daniel 1995 New Abstract, go

Masters Thesis - the only piece I could find taking an ethnographic look at any brand of makers""

From a publication called Crafting Resistance: The Maker Movement in the Triangle Area of North Carolina authored by Breeding, Emily Hayes 2012 New Abstract, go

"The ethnography of Japan is currently being reshaped by a new generation of Japanologists, and the present work certainly deserves a place in this body of literature. . . . The combination of utility with beauty makes Kondo's book required reading, for those with an interest not only in Japan but also in reflexive anthropology, women's studies, field methods, the anthropology of work, social psychology, Asian Americans, and even modern literature."—Paul H. Noguchi, American Anthropologist"Kondo's work is significant because she goes beyond disharmony, insisting on complexity. Kondo shows that inequalities are not simply oppressive-they are meaningful ways to establish identities."—Nancy Rosenberger, Journal of Asian Studies

From a publication called Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace authored by Kondo, Dorinne K. 1990 New Abstract, go

In this article I describe the fundamental dimensions of a security culture, a concept that builds on the experience of "safety culture" in several high-hazard industries. After outlining the concept and subtleties of corporate culture, I apply these concepts to issues of security, focusing on issues of trust, identification and authentication in complex environments. These issues become more challenging in virtual environments, as familiar tokens of identity such as face-toface recognition are absent, and where trust becomes a weakest-link problem. I conclude with a description of the challenges of "managing" the emergent phenomenon of culture, and how trust can be cultivated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From a publication called Creating a Culture of Enterprise Cybersecurity. authored by Batteau, Allen W. 2011 New Abstract, go

Cultural anthropology in Japan has specific problems inasmuch as it is a newcomer on the academic scene and its approach and concerns are eccentric to the Japanese intellectual tradition. At the same time it has much in common with the other social sciences in Japan, which are relatively isolated from the rest of the world and overwhelmed by local materials and discussions. Although Japanese scholars show keen interest in keeping touch with works produced in the West, they rarely address their work to the international community. The nationwide academic association of cultural anthropologists in Japan is the Japanese Society of Ethnology. Although the Society was established by a small group of ethnologists in 1934, it was only after World War II that cultural anthropology became recognized as an independent discipline in Japan's academic field, and departments of cultural/ social anthropology were established in universities.2 Even today, cultural anthropology is taught at the graduate level in only three universities, although lectures at the undergraduate level are now being given in many universities. Under such conditions, cultural anthropologists withdoctoral degrees number fewer than a dozen; and compared with India, for example, there are also surprisingly few who have had training in universities in the West.

From a publication called Cultural Anthropology in Japan authored by Nakane, C 1974 New Abstract, go

This chapter contains section titled: * Central Banks * The Anecdotal amid other Genres of the Para-Ethnographic: A Glimpse at Alan Greenspan's Practice of the Para-Ethnographic * Para-Ethnography as Method * The Beige Book * The Materialization of the Global Subject In the Design for Multi-Sited Ethnography * The Warrant for the Postulation of the Para-Ethnographic in Cultures of Expertise * Notes

From a publication called Cultures of Expertise and the Management of Globalization: Toward the Re-Functioning of Ethnography authored by Holmes, Douglas R. & Marcus, George E. 2005 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Cyborg Babies: From Techno-sex to Techno-tots authored by Davis-Floyd, Robbie & Dumit, Joseph 1998 New Abstract, go

"Makers are an emerging community of self-described DIY-enthusiasts, tinkerers and hobbyists. Popularized by the quarterly magazine MAKE1 and annual Maker Faire2 events, this work seeks to examine and better understand the context of their activities, particularly in informal engineering education and tinkering activities. Makers embolden characteristics from the Engineer of 20203, and in particular practical ingenuity, creativity, and propensity toward lifelong learning; making is of particular interest to the field of engineering and to engineering educators. We explore what it means to make. A review of definitions was undertaken via two methods. The first was convergent, relying on a literature review spanning several academic disciplines. The second means was divergent, collecting definitions via an ad-hoc, grounded, in-situ approach at a recent Maker Faire event. Respondents were provided with post-it notes, posed with the question How Do You Define Making? and asked to contribute to a shared, public wall of multiple definitions. Both approaches yield information that can be used to characterize perceptions of making and contribute to its definition. The review showed several common terms and perceptions that can be used to define making. Words such as maker, hacker and hobbyist appear in several varying contexts, from education to history, and in the context of the maker movement. The open-ended question activity also had interesting trends. Many responses described building or making of something from a creative viewpoint. These methods helped to characterize making in a manner that can be useful to a larger study investigating the educational pathways of makers."

From a publication called Defining Makers Making : Emergent Practice and Emergent Meanings authored by Lande, Micah; Jordan, Shawn & Nelson, James 2013 New Abstract, go

Media, Culture & Society September 2012 34: 691-708

From a publication called Democratizing Production Through Open-Source Knowledge: From Open Software to Open Hardware authored by Powell, Alison 2012 New Abstract, go

This article establishes a taxonomy of consumer response to the possibility of becoming a producing consumer (prosumer), through an analysis of the prosumer's relationship to the tools and materials that facilitate production. I have developed three characterizations of the prosumer dependent on how the tools, materials, and advice provided by companies who incite consumer creativity are used: the prosumer who follows the rules; those who reject such provision and pursue self-sufficiency; and the prosumer who adapts tools and materials in processes of ad hoc bricolage. This emphasis on how prosumers harness their potential productivity will help us challenge boisterous claims of consumer sovereignty in light of increasingly accessible and powerful technologies, which have proliferated since Alvin Toffler's first enthusiastic assessment of the prosumer in The Third Wave (1980). With reference to case studies from a broad geographical and chronological range, my intention is to develop characterizations that help designers and theorists navigate the complex impact of the consumer-as-designer today, avoiding both denigration of the consumer as naive and unskilled, or their promulgation as the savior of modern production.

From a publication called Design in the Age of Prosumption: The Craft of Design after the Object authored by Knott, Stephen 2013 New Abstract, go

"A third front has recently been opened in the assault on the edifice of ethnography. Having deconstructed ethnographic form and historicized the ethnographic subject, some have now turned to regionalizing its conceptual claims. Their presumption is that all ethnography is regional, a local transposition of general disciplinary concerns. It must be read critically for the problems it highlights through the mutual adaptation of anthropological discourse and locally prominent features and issues: prestige economy in Melanesia, marriage rules in Australia, lineage in Africa, caste in South Asia. ""Localizing strategies"" is Fardon's felicitous phrase (81) for the complicated dialectic of region and problematic, which was illustrated so effectively in Abu-Lughod's review (2) of ""zones of theory"" in Arab world anthropology. Some of the work I consider in this essay may be so analyzed. I Yet I arguethat to date the anthropology of contemporary Japan has been shaped more by two other ""local engagements"" (81:21) beyond that of discipline and locality. The first is a broad range of competing national characterizations that reify Japan in contrast to equally totalizing images of the West. Second is a series of exchanges with fellow academic specialists on Japan, whose perspectives, especially on culture, have often set the terms of that engagement. To be sure, anthropologists of many world regions have found themselves embroiled in charges and self-critiques concerning tacit or open complicity in the Orientalist ""conceive-and-rule"" projects of Western intelligentsia. Those of us who study the most geographically Oriental of the Orient cannot always extricate ourselves from a popular and scholarly rhetoric that for over 100 years has measured Japan against an idealized West and found it deficient, deviant, or just puzzling ( 170). At present, for example, Orientalist Japan is triangulated as a polity that lacks the ""rights"" tradition and whose imposed forms of Western democracy are thus manipulated by mandarin bureaucrats and political factions; a suffocatingly collectivist society of strong groups and weak egos; and an economy of Confucian capitalist principles that deform the discipline of free markets and fetter the spirit necessary to true enterprise. We Japan specialists, however, are actually caught between rival polemics. We are dealing with a nation whose power in many respects equals our own; It has a more potent economy, a more literate citizenry, a massive culture industry, and a distinguished and independent academic establishment. It is also a country that has mounted its own national counter-polemic. A major postwar growth industry has been the production and marketing of a sprawling controversy known variously as Nihonjin ron (Who are we Japanese?), Nihon bunka ron (What is Japanese culture?), or simply Nihon ron (What is Japan?) (23, 120, 169)."

From a publication called Directions in the Anthropology of Contemporary Japan authored by Kelly, William W. 1991 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Do Artifacts Have Politics? authored by Winner, Langdon 1980 New Abstract, go

In this article, I respond to Vincent Crapanzano's recent call for attention to the category of hope as a term of social analysis by bringing it into view as a new terrain of commonality and difference across different forms of knowledge. I consider the efforts of participants active in the capitalist market to reorient their knowledge in response to neoliberal reforms side by side with the efforts of academic critics of capitalism to reorient their critique. These efforts to reorient knowledge as a shared method of hope bring to light contrasting views on where such a reorientation might lead.

From a publication called Economy of Dreams: Hope in Global Capitalism and Its Critiques authored by Miyazaki, Hirokazu 2006 New Abstract, go

New reproductive technologies, such as in vitrio fertilization, have been the subject of intense public discussion and debate worldwide. In addition to difficult ethical, moral, personal and political questions, new technologies of assisted conception also raise novel socio-cultural dilemmas. How are parenthood, kinship and procreation being redefined in the context of new reproductive technologies? Has reproductive choice become part of consumer culture? Embodied Progress offers a unique perspective on these and other cultural dimensions of assisted conception techniques. Based on ethnographic research in Britain, this study foregrounds the experiences of women and couples who undergo IVF, whilst also asking how such experiences may be variously understood.

From a publication called Embodied Progress: A Cultural Account of Assisted Conception authored by Franklin, Sarah 2002 New Abstract, go

Everyday Engineering was written to help future engineers understand what they are going to be doing in their everyday working lives, so that they can do their work more effectively and with a broader social vision. It will also give sociologists deeper insights into the sociotechnical world of engineering. The book consists of ethnographic studies in which the authors, all trained in both engineering and sociology, go into the field as participant-observers. The sites and types of engineering explored include mechanical design in manufacturing industries, instrument design, software debugging, environmental management within companies, and the implementation of a system for separating household waste.The book is organized in three parts. The first part introduces the complexity of technical practices. The second part enters the social and cultural worlds of designers to grasp their practices and motivations. The third part examines the role of writing practices and graphical representation. The epilogue uses the case studies to raise a series of questions about how objects can be taken into account in sociological analyses of human organizations.

From a publication called Everyday Engineering: An Ethnography of Design and Innovation authored by Vinck, Dominique & Blanco, Eric 2003 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Fab: The Coming Revolution on Your Desktop - From Personal Computers to Personal Fabrication authored by Gershenfeld, Neil 2005 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called FabLife: Dejitaru Faburikeshon kara umareru tsukurikata no mirai authored by Tanaka, Hiroya 2012 New Abstract, go

"Annelise Riles's acute insight locates anxieties infiltrating the work of central bankers, but we believe these fears also imbue the outlook of actors across numerous domains of expertise. These figures share the apprehension that their distinctive analytical endeavors have been compromised, that in some deep way their knowledge is in doubt. As Riles notes, central bankers are in a particularly important position in this regard insofar as their anxiety, their sense of powerlessness, is the direct outcome of their own analytical enterprise: the institutional shaping and management of global fin ancial markets. This predicament, faced paradigmatically by central bankers, is the starting point for what we have termed ""para-ethnography;• the intellectual response"

From a publication called Fast Capitalism: Para-Ethnography and the Rise of the Symbolic Analyst authored by Holmes, Douglas R. & Marcus, George E. 2006 New Abstract, go

The Soviet health care infrastructure and its tuberculosis-control system were anchored in biomedicine, but the dire resurgence of tuberculosis at the end of the twentieth century changed how experts in post-Soviet nations--and globally--would treat the disease. As Free Market Tuberculosis dramatically demonstrates, market reforms and standardized treatment programs have both influenced and undermined the management of tuberculosis care in the now-independent country of Georgia. The alarming rate of tuberculosis infection in this nation at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Asia cannot be disputed, and yet solutions to attacking the disease are very much debated. Anthropologist Erin Koch explores the intersection of the nation's extensive medical history, the effects of Soviet control, and the highly standardized yet poorly regulated treatments promoted by the World Health Organization. Although statistics and reports tell one story--a tale of success in Georgia--Koch's ethnographic approach reveals all facets of this cautionary tale of a monolithic approach to medicine. This book is the 2011 recipient of the annual Norman L. and Roselea J. Goldberg Prize for the best project in the area of medicine"--Provided by publisher

From a publication called Free Market Tuberculosis: Managing Epidemics in Post-Soviet Georgia authored by Koch, Erin 2013 New Abstract, go

"Using data in the Comprehensive Directory of Japanese Overseas Business (1997) the pattern of Japanese investment in cities and towns of Southeast Asia is mapped in terms of the amount of capital invested as well as the number of employees working in factories and enterprises established with Japanese foreign investment. Bulk of the Japanese investment in Southeast Asia is concentrated in major metropolitan areas of Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The large metropolitan complexes of Bangkok, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Jakarta have attracted most of the investment. Only a small portion of the investment has gone to smaller urba:q centers. In order to determine the important factors that influenced the locational investment decision of the Japanese multinational companies, officials of 56 Japanese companies operating in Southeast Asian cities were interviewed. These companies were in logging and mining, tourism, semi-conductors,. telecommunications equipment, fabricated metals, textiles, machinery, rubber and medical products, and computer disk-drive component industries. These firms were established after 1980, and had annual sales in excess of $60 million and employed between 200 and 2,500 workers.A perception of political stability was an important factor; low wage costs,adequacy of infrastructure as well as institutional and cultural conditions, and lower environmental regulations than Japan also ranked high (except in case of Singapore). Favorable macroeconomic condition, including high growth policies and moderate inflation in the 1980s, was also cited by corporate officials as significant factors attracting Japanese inVestment to SoutheaSt Asian cities."

From a publication called Geographic Pattern of Japanese Foreign Investment in Southeast Asia authored by Karan, P.P. & Jasparro, Chris 2000 New Abstract, go

Globalisation ??? the global movement, and control, of products, capital, technologies, persons and images ??? increasingly takes place through the work of organisations, perhaps the most powerful of which are multinational corporations. Based in an ethnographic analysis of cross-cultural social interactions in everyday workplace practices at a subsidiary of an elite, Japanese consumer electronics multinational in France, this book intimately examines, and theorises, contemporary global dynamics. Japanese corporate ???know-how??? is described not simply as the combination of technological innovation riding on financial ???clout??? but as a reflection of Japanese social relations, powerfully expressed in Japanese organisational dynamics. The book details how Japanese organisational power does and does not adapt in overseas settings: how Japanese managers and engineers negotiate conflicts between their understanding of appropriate practices with those of local, non-Japanese staff ??? in this case, French managers and engineers ??? who hold their own distinctive cultural and organisational inclinations in the workplace. The book argues that the insights provided by the intimate study of persons interacting within and across organisations is crucial to a fulsome understanding of globalisation. This is assisted, further, by a grounded examination of how ???networks?????? as social constructions ??? are both expanded and bounded, a move which assists in collapsing the common reliance on micro and macro levels of analysis in considering global phenomena. The book poses important theoretical and methodological challenges for organisational studies as well as for analysis of the forces of globalisation by anthropologists and other social scientists

From a publication called Globalisation and Japanese Organisational Culture: An Ethnography of a Japanese Corporation in France authored by Sedgwick, Mitchell 2008 New Abstract, go

"This paper discusses recent shifts in the overseas :investment strategies of Japan's major multinational manufacturing companies (MNCs). Based on a survey of twenty corporations it is postulated that the move towards the globalization of these companies has taken place in three distinct but overlapping phases: (1) a linear link~up to Japan, (2) a transition stage, based upon international specialization and 'mesh' strategies, and (3) a tetra-polar strategic division of the world .. The paper commences with a discussion of recent trends in :MNC behavior, and then shows how overseas corporate organization has changed in the Japanese firms surveyed, especially after 1985. The implications of these changes among the major global regions is examined. The paper concludes with an assessment of whether the strategies of Japanese MNCs have converged with those of United States or European MNCs, and to what degree they have retained their own distinctive attributes."

From a publication called Globalization of Japanese Manufacturing Corporations authored by Edgington, David W. 1993 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Globalizing Japan: Ethnography of the Japanese presence in Asia, Europe, and America authored by Befu, Harumi & Guichard-Anguis, Sylvie 2004 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Hegemony of Homogeneity: An Anthropological Analysis of Nihonjinron"" authored by Befu, Harumi 2001 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Hip-Hop Japan: Rap and the Paths of Cultural Globalization authored by Condry, Ian 2006 New Abstract, go

Classically, anthropology supplied a cultural critique, by contrasting the Noble Savage to contemporary institutions and exposing the effects of structures of authority. This understanding of humanity was expanded a hundred years ago by Boas's embrace of cultural and linguistic variety within a common humanity. Similarly, the classical role for business anthropology and other forms of applied anthropology has been to identify areas in contemporary enterprises and institutions where improvements could be made. Today anthropologists' engagement with the contemporary world of business in a régime of flexible accumulation is expanding our understanding of the human project, interrogating the régimes of value and extension whose scale is global and whose scope penetrates to the deepest levels of consciousness. Using contemporary ethnographic insights from the authors and other anthropologists, this article suggests an enlarged understanding of and direction for business anthropology at the frontier of anthropology that uses classic anthropological approaches to investigate the sites where new human possibilities are being assembled and created.

From a publication called Horizons of Business Anthropology in a World of Flexible Accumulation authored by Batteau, Allen W & Psenka, Carolyn E 2012 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called How Far Can East Asian STS Go? A position paper authored by Fu, Daiwie 2007 New Abstract, go

This article applies Parkin's notion of 'internal cultural debate' to an analysis ofJapanese social organisation. By considering the keywords found in such diverse cultural spheres as high school baseball, advertising, and pottery aesthetics, it is shown that neither the 'group' model nor 'social exchange' model can satisfactorily deal with the relation between group and individual injapanese society. A hypothesis is made concerning the relation between keywords of evaluation and types of social organisation, and it is suggested that anthropological theory is itself limited, and to some extent determined, by the internal cultural debates of the societies studied by anthropologists

From a publication called Individual, Group and Seishin: Japan's Internal Cultural Debate authored by Moeran, Brian 1984 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Insider Trading: Engaging and Valuing Corporate Ethnography authored by Blomberg, Jeanette L. & Burrell, Mark 2009 New Abstract, go

Turning an anthropological eye toward cyberspace, Human No More explores how conditions of the online world shape identity, place, culture, and death within virtual communities. Online worlds have recently thrown into question the traditional anthropological conception of place-based ethnography. They break definitions, blur distinctions, and force us to rethink the notion of the ???subject.??? Human No More asks how digital cultures can be integrated and how the ethnography of both the ???unhuman??? and the ???digital??? could lead to possible reconfiguring the notion of the ???human.??? This provocative and groundbreaking work challenges fundamental assumptions about the entire field of anthropology. Cross-disciplinary research from well-respected contributors makes this volume vital to the understanding of contemporary human interaction. It will be of interest not only to anthropologists but also to students and scholars of media, communication, popular culture, identity, and technology.

From a publication called Introduction: Human No More authored by Whitehead, Neil L. & Wesch, Michael 2012 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Japan and Its Others: Globalization, Difference and the Critique of Modernity (Japanese Society Series) authored by Clammer, John 2001 New Abstract, go

Japan and National Anthropology: A Critique is an empirically rich and theoretically sophisticated study which challenges the conventional view of Japanese studies in general and the Anglophone anthropological writings on Japan in particular. Sonia Ryang explores the process by which the postwar anthropology of Japan has come to be dominated by certain conceptual and methodological and exposes the extent to which this process has occluded our view of Japan.

From a publication called Japan and National Anthropology: A Critique authored by Ryang, Sonia 2004 New Abstract, go

From: "2010 Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology Award Lecture" What will Japan look like in 2050? By 2050, Japan's current population of 127 million will decline to 91 million, due to its low birth rate. The number of people aged 65 or older will increase to 40.5 percent of the total population by 2055. This is an ultra-aged society never experienced before in human history. Within such a demographic framework, Japan may be forced to "import" foreign labor for the survival of its economy. Thus, some foresee that Japan will have 10 million foreign residents by 2050, accounting for 11 percent of the total population, as compared with 2.2 million, or 1.7 percent, as of 2008. That necessarily leads to the scenario of Japan becoming multicultural. Against the background of such a future socio-demographic change in Japanese society, this paper examines transnational migration into Japan and the Japanese way of living together in a multicultural environment. Particularly focusing on the dreams of Filipina migrants, the paper discusses the cultural politics of migration, including the issues of citizenship and human rights, and seeks the possibility of establishing a public anthropology directed toward the future Japanese society.

From a publication called Japan in 2050 : An Anthropological Imagination of Japan's Future through the Dreams of Filipina Migrants(2010 Japanese Society of Cultural Anthropology Award Lecture) authored by Yamashita, Shinji; Ertl, John & Tanaka, Maki 2011 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Japan: an anthropological introduction. authored by Befu, Harumi 1971 New Abstract, go

Japanese sociolinguistics, wholly independent of trends in American sociolinguistics, got off to a quick start immediately after World War II in the late 1940s under the rubric "language life research" (71).

From a publication called Japanese Sociolinguistics authored by Shibamoto, J S 1987 New Abstract, go

This paper is written in response to Loveday's survey of Japanese sociolinguistics, published in this journal, Volume 10, 1986, pp. 287-326, and seeks to set language usage in social context. In adopting a micro-level approach, the author shows how various linguistic forms, such as pronominal usage, honorifics, and donatory verbs, reflect the division of Japanese society into an apparently infinite series of in- and out-groups. He then proceeds to adopt a macro-level approach in order to show how the use of vocabulary - specifically keywords - servesto overcome this social differentiation, and to create solidarity among these groups, as well as enforce a sense of 'Japaneseness' vis-à-vis the outside - primarily Western - world.

From a publication called Japanese language and society: An anthropological approach authored by Moeran, Brian 1988 New Abstract, go

About 10% of the world has access to information and communication technologies (ICTs). Telecenters and cyber caf\'{e}s are one prevalent way to increase access. This paper suggests increasing access through currently existing, local businesses where people already gather and where proprietors already posses existing business relationships with suppliers and customers. This paper questions the prevailing emphasis on the ???cyber'' characteristics of access, e.g., computing and internet access as is currently known, and attempts to refocus the conversation by considering computing and access in the context of the ???caf\'{e},??? e.g., as public life in the sense of Habermas, which permits an in situ evolution of relevant access. This analysis is based on extant literature and direct ethnographic research in several public places in six countries. We offer example design perspectives based on a reflection of ???third places??? as inspiration for appropriate innovation in the provision of computing and communications. ?? 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

From a publication called Less cyber, more cafe authored by Salvador, Tony; Sherry, John W. & Urrutia, Alvaro E. 2005 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Makers: The New Industrial Revolution authored by Anderson, Chris 2012 New Abstract, go

Early industrialism was influenced by the organization of cottage industries, and in a similar vein, many of today???s creative industries emerge largely from networked small-scale initiatives or cultural scenes. Collaborations and interactions are the backbone of the contemporary Do-It-Yourself (DIY) or ???maker culture???, a distributed milieu of open software programmers and hardware hackers, but also crafters, backyard tinkerers, hobbyists and homesteaders. The scene is held together by micro-management tactics, or ???molecular??? management, using protocols to guide collaborative innovation and shared craft practices, forming an emergent and innovative creative cottage industry. The maker culture is thus less of a DIY and more a do-it-together culture, merging collaborative play and interactions, often for the sake of shared curiosity. The mindset of the participants is that of the explorative craftsman; using a practical attitude of sharing ideas, methods and skills among practitioners, and the interactions are managed in a flat and meshworked manner through the use of protocols. The text specifically examines the protocols of the maker movement, finding an immediate connection between hardware protocols, like the ???makers bill of rights??? guiding the principles of open source hardware, and the principles reflected in the social protocols of two hacker spaces. The maker culture is not only a loose network of dispersed tinkerers, it is also a close-knit molecular assemblage of materials, tools, skills and makers.

From a publication called Molecular management: Protocols in the maker culture authored by Von Busch, Otto & Busch, Otto Von 2012 New Abstract, go

The central theme of this book is the position of 'natives' in what the author calls the world system of anthropology. This book shows how anthropological knowledge is produced, disseminated, and consumed on a global scale.

From a publication called Native anthropology: the Japanese challenge to Western academic hegemony authored by Kuwayama, Takami 2004 New Abstract, go

Technology is everywhere, yet a theory of technology and its social dimension remainsto be fully developed. Building on the influential book The Social Construction of TechnologicalSystems, this volume carries forward the project of creating a theory of technological developmentand implementation that is strongly grounded in both sociology and history. The 12 essays addressthe central question of how technologies become stabilized, how they attain a final form and usethat is generally accepted. The essays are tied together by a general introduction, partintroductions, and a theoretical conclusion.The first part of the book examines and criticizes theidea that technologies have common life cycles; three case studies cover the history of a successfulbut never produced British jet fighter, the manipulation of patents by a French R&D company togain a market foothold, and the managed development of high-intensity fluorescent lighting to servethe interests of electricity suppliers as well as the producing company.The second part looks atbroader interactions shaping technology and its social context: the question of who was to define"steel," the determination of what constitutes radioactive waste and its proper disposal, and thesocial construction of motion pictures as exemplified by Thomas Edison's successful development ofthe medium and its commercial failure.The last part offers theoretical studies suggestingalternative approaches to sociotechnologies; two studies argue for a strong sociotechnology in whichartifact and social context are viewed as a single seamless web, while the third looks at the waysin which a social program is a technology.Wiebe E. Bijker is Associate Professor at the Universityof Limburg, The Netherlands. John Law is Professor in Sociology at the University of Keele,Staffordshire, England.

From a publication called Shaping Technology/building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change authored by Bijker, Wiebe E. & Law, John 1992 New Abstract, go

"We have long been aware that exchange of goods, services, etc plays a vital part in our own social life as well as in the life of other peoples we study, and in fact, as Belshaw states (16, p. 7), that exchange penetrates through the social fabric and may be thought of as a network holding society together. Such awareness, however, was not translated into systematic thinking-with a few exceptions-until very recently. As for these exceptions, Ekeh (37, pp. 21-24) cites Sir James Frazer's Folklore in the Old Testament (49), published in 1919, and Chavannes's 1884 Studies in Sociology as representing early thinking on social exchange. While, as Ekeh points out, one may well find in these works features of exchange theory propounded by later theorists, their direct impact upon modern thinkers of social exchange is not very clear; it appears that they were the Mendels of exchange theory in that although they were on the right track, they were forgotten by more recent theorists who had to ""rediscover"" the concept. Three anthropologists stand out as having had disproportionate influence in the development of exchange theory. The first is Mauss, who has carried on the Durkheimian French intellectual tradition and applied to it the phenomena of gift-giving in his essay on gift, first published in 1925 (89, 90). In seeing gift exchange as an obligatory act, Mauss focuses on normative rules. Pervasiveness of gift-giving in primitive societies leads him to propose the concept of ""total prestation."" These ideas provide some of the conceptual ingredients for Levi-Strauss, the second major contributor to the anthropology of exchange, to develop a theory of cousin marriage (78, 80). Basic to the theory is the distinction between restricted exchange, which is only capable of connecting pairs of social groups, and generalized exchange, which integrates indefinite numbers of groups. The third major contributor is Sahlins (1 10, 111), whose conceptual distinction among generalized exchange, which (not to be confused with Levi-Strauss's concept) parallels Mauss's ""total prestation,"" balanced exchange, which is epitomized by monetized market exchange, and negative exchange, which is characterized in extreme by ""something for nothing"" stealth, has been widely taken up, applied, and tested with ethnographic data."

From a publication called Social Exchange authored by Befu, Harumi 1977 New Abstract, go

Critiques an influential approach in historical anthropology in Japan, represented by Sahlins. Features of Sahlins' model; Influence of historical changes; Equation of structure of myth with built-in `synchronic traps' in historical anthropology; Utilization of `historical metaphor' to synchronize history; Methodological comparison of long-term study of the Japanese concept of self and others.

From a publication called Structure, event and historical metaphor: Rice and identities in Japanese history authored by Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 1995 New Abstract, go

Since Miller's (1995) ground-breaking directive to the anthropology community to research consumption within the context of production, CCT has come of age, offering distinctive insights into the complexities of consumer behaviour. CCT positions itself at the nexus of disciplines as varied as anthropology, sociology, media studies, critical studies, and feminist studies; overlapping foci bring theoretical innovation to studies of human behaviours in the marketplace. In this paper, we provide asynthesis of CCT research since its inception, along with more recent publications. We follow the four thematic domains of research as devised by Arnould and Thompson (2005): consumer identity projects, marketplace cultures, the socio-historic patterning of consumption, and mass-mediated marketplace ideologies and consumers' interpretive strategies. Additionally, we investigate new directions for future connections between CCT research and anthropology.

From a publication called Studying Consumption Behaviour through Multiple Lenses : An Overview of Consumer Culture Theory authored by Joy, Annamma & Li, Eric P H 2012 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Suye Mura, A Japanese Village authored by Embree, John 1939 New Abstract, go

The all-female Takarazuka Revue is world-famous today for its rococo musical productions, including gender-bending love stories, torridly romantic liaisons in foreign settings, and fanatically devoted fans. But that is only a small part of its complicated and complicit performance history. In this sophisticated and historically grounded analysis, anthropologist Jennifer Robertson draws from over a decade of fieldwork and archival research to explore how the Revue illuminates discourses of sexual politics, nationalism, imperialism, and popular culture in twentieth-century Japan.The Revue was founded in 1913 as a novel counterpart to the all-male Kabuki theater. Tracing the contradictory meanings of Takarazuka productions over time, with special attention to the World War II period, Robertson illuminates the intricate web of relationships among managers, directors, actors, fans, and social critics, whose clashes and compromises textured the theater and the wider society in colorful and complex ways. Using Takarazuka as a key to understanding the "logic" of everyday life in Japan and placing the Revue squarely in its own social, historical, and cultural context, she challenges both the stereotypes of "the Japanese" and the Eurocentric notions of gender performance and sexuality. The all-female Takarazuka Revue is world-famous today for its rococo musical productions, including gender-bending love stories, torridly romantic liaisons in foreign settings, and fanatically devoted fans. But that is only a small part of its complicated and complicit performance history. In this sophisticated and historically grounded analysis, anthropologist Jennifer Robertson draws from over a decade of fieldwork and archival research to explore how the Revue illuminates discourses of sexual politics, nationalism, imperialism, and popular culture in twentieth-century Japan.The Revue was founded in 1913 as a novel counterpart to the all-male Kabuki theater. Tracing the contradictory meanings of Takarazuka productions over time, with special attention to the World War II period, Robertson illuminates the intricate web of relationships among managers, directors, actors, fans, and social critics, whose clashes and compromises textured the theater and the wider society in colorful and complex ways. Using Takarazuka as a key to understanding the "logic" of everyday life in Japan and placing the Revue squarely in its own social, historical, and cultural context, she challenges both the stereotypes of "the Japanese" and the Eurocentric notions of gender performance and sexuality.

From a publication called Takarazuka: Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern Japan authored by Robertson, Jennifer Ellen 1998 New Abstract, go

In recent anthropological and historical discourse we have become increasingly aware that, unlike a society which is a bounded political unit, a culture has never been a sealed box but has always been in interaction with other cultures, as Leach (1965[1954]:282, 1982:41-43) has repeatedly reminded us. This realization derives in part from a deconstruction of the colonial mentality that represented, or misrepresented, other societies, especially the so-called small-scale societies, as having been isolated and, furthermore, ahistorical. In this article, I offer an interpretationo f Japanesec ulturea s it has interacted with other cultures and continues to interact with them with increased intensity. More specifically, I focus on the collective self of the contemporary Japanese as it has been defined and redefined by the other, namely, other peoples. My ethnography is a recent Japanese film, Tampopo (Dandelions), directed by Juzo Itami and released in 1986, since the film offers a vivid illustration of the current effort by the Japanese to redefine themselves in relation to the West,' as necessitated by Japan'sn ew internationalp osition. My second goal is to engage in an exercise in interpretation-reading of the film as a text. I want to show how we might interpret symbols and symbolic behaviors- noodles, a peach, and a raw egg, or spaghetti eating-as they occur in the film. It is a "thick description," if you will, but not an argument on theories in symbolic anthropology per se, which I offer elsewhere (Ohnuki-Tierey 1990a, 1990b).

From a publication called The Ambivalent Self of the Contemporary Japanese authored by Ohnuki-Tierney, Emiko 1990 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called The Chrysanthemum and the Sword authored by Benedict, Ruth 1946 New Abstract, go

Outlines sociotechnical systems (according to Hess 2005.

From a publication called The Evolution of Large Technological Systems authored by Hughes, Thomas P. 1987 New Abstract, go

"In this paper I outline the theory, method, and preliminary findings of a six-week ethnographic study among the "makers" in FabLabs in Japan. I concluded the research on August 16, 2013, and plan to return to begin my dissertation research among the "maker" community in Japan in 2014. My purpose in writing is to give readers a glimpse into the work I have begun. My project is to describe the "maker" community in order to show in ethnographic detail how new technical tools can create new social outcomes, particularly new pathways to innovation. This report reflects the pre-dissertation portion of that study."

From a publication called The FabLab Network in Japan: Preliminary Ethnographic Observations authored by Krebs, Matt 2013 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called The Innovator's Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail (Management of Innovation and Change) authored by Christensen, Clayton M. 2013 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called The Japanese social structure: Its evolution in the modern century authored by Fukutake, Tadashi & Dore, Ronald Philip 1989 New Abstract, go

In 1910, when Kunio Yanagita (1875-1962) wrote and published The Legends of Tono in Japanese, he had no idea that 100 years later, his book would become a Japanese literary and folklore classic. Yanagita is best remembered as the founder of Japanesefolklore studies, and Ronald Morse transcends time to bring the reader a marvelous guide to Tono, Yanagita, and his enthralling tales. In this 100th Anniversary edition, Morse has completely revised his original translation, now out of print for over three decades. Retaining the original's great understanding of Japanese language, history, and lore, this new edition will make the classic collection available to new generations of readers.

From a publication called The Legends of Tono: 100th Anniversary Edition authored by Yanagita, Kunio 1955 New Abstract, go

Cheese is alive, and alive with meaning. Heather Paxson???s beautifully written anthropological study of American artisanal cheesemaking tells the story of how craftwork has become a new source of cultural and economic value for producers as well as consumers. Dairy farmers and artisans inhabit a world in which their colleagues and collaborators are a wild cast of characters, including plants, animals, microorganisms, family members, employees, and customers. As ???unfinished??? commodities, living products whose qualities are not fully settled, handmade cheeses embody a mix of new and old ideas about taste and value. By exploring the life of cheese, Paxson helps rethink the politics of food, land, and labor today.

From a publication called The Life of Cheese: Crafting Food and Value in America authored by Paxson, Heather 2012 New Abstract, go

"From approximately 1887 through World War I, a surge of commentaries were written and circulated in the Japanese print media about the ""strange"" and ""unpleasant"" (mimizawarina) sounds issuing from the mouths of schoolgirls. Male intellectuals of various affiliations located the source of their dismay in verbending forms such as teyo, noyo, dawa that occurred at the end of schoolgirl utterances.' They called such speech forms ""schoolgirl speech"" (jogakusei-kotoba). It was jarring to their ears; it sounded vulgar and low class; its prosodic features were described as ""fast,"" ""contracting,"" and ""bouncing with a rising intonation""; and it was condemned as ""sugary and shallow."" Using the newly availablem odem textual space of ""reporteds peech"" (Voloshinov 1973), male intellectuals cited what they scornfully referred to as ""teyo-dawa speech"" (teyodawa kotoba) in an effort to convince parents and educators to discourage it as a corrupt form of speaking. The irony here is that many of the speech forms then identified as schoolgirl speech are today associated with ""women's language,"" or the ""feminine"" speech style, indexing the figure of the generic urban middle-class woman.2 The contemporary discourse of Japanese women's language erases this historical emergence from social memory to construct women's language as an essential and timeless part of culture and tradition. Public opinion, responding to a perceived social change toward gender equity, recurrently deplores what once again is described as linguistic corruption and the cultural loss of an authentic women's language."

From a publication called The Listening Subject of Japanese Modernity and His Auditory Double: Citing, Sighting, and Siting the Modern Japanese Woman authored by Inoue, Miyako 2003 New Abstract, go

Social theorists' recent interest in global capitalism is partially driven by their sense of "being behind" in a changed and changing world. It is also part of their larger efforts to critique the present. In this article, I seek to find analogues of this sense of temporal incongruity between knowledge and its objects in the Tokyo financial markets. My focus is on the anxieties and hopes animating some Japanese securities traders' life choices. I argue that these traders' differing anxieties and hopes resulted from their divergent senses of the temporal incongruity among strategies, workplaces, and Japan's national location vis-à-vis the United States. Drawing on a parallel between social theorists' and traders' efforts to generate prospective momentum in their work, I propose that anthropologists investigate the work of temporal incongruity in knowledge formation more generally.

From a publication called The Temporalities of the Market authored by Miyazaki, Hirokazu 2003 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called The Women of Suye Mura authored by Smith, Robert John; Wiswell, Ella Lury 1987 New Abstract, go

This article offers a synthetic overview of the major opportunities and impasses of an emergent anthropology of experts and expertise. In the wake of the boom in anthropological science and technology studies since the 1980s, the anthropology of experts has become one of the most vibrant and promising enterprises in social-cultural anthropology today. And, yet, I argue that the theorisation and ethnography of experts and cultures of expertise remains underdeveloped in some crucial respects. The body of the article defines expertise as a relation of epistemic jurisdiction and explores the sociological and epistemological dilemmas emerging from research, that poises one expert (the anthropologist) in the situation of trying to absorb another regime of expertise into his/her own. With due appreciation for what the anthropology of experts has achieved thus far, I close with a manifesto designed to prompt a reassessment of where this research enterprise should go from here. I urge that we treat experts not solely as rational(ist) creatures of expertise but rather as desiring, relating, doubting, anxious, contentious, affective???in other words as human-subjects.

From a publication called Thinking through the Anthropology of Experts authored by Boyer, Dominic 2008 New Abstract, go

This paper considers the matter of sites of production in view of recent technologically enabled trends toward the intersection of designing and making. These changes have been conceptualised as ???open design??? or as ???consumer-as-producer??? and they are specifically manifest in accessible and inexpensive 3D printing. We argue here that these developments reactivate the Arts and Crafts notion of personalised domestic-scale production in newly technologised and globally connected ways. Akin to the ideals of the 1970s Punk movement, amateurs can become agents of change as the open-source Maker movement provides individuals with the ???source code??? to make, adapt and disseminate individualised products via information and communication technology (ICT) channels. This paper discusses the possible impacts of distributed making on our urban landscapes, with the increasing conflation of domestic, industrial and retail zones and what some have described as ???maker-friendly??? cities.

From a publication called This Home is a Factory: Implications of the Maker Movement on Urban Environments authored by Richardson, Mark; Elliott, Susie & Haylock, Brad 2013 New Abstract, go

Despite a significant increase in the number of white-collar female workers in post-war Japan, scant attention has been paid to the importance of Japanese women's social relations that are work-related, and unconnected to the family or the local community. This article examines how two groups of Japanese women with professional careers innovatively mobilize their after-work friendship networks as a strategic site for mitigating the disappointing gaps between their expectations and actual experiences, and for negotiating a greater sense of self-worth and self-esteem. It argues that work-related relations for women can prove rewarding in their own right, and that work can also shape their understandings of self and of friendships, as women respond to transformations to the broader social, economic, and political conditions that shape their experiences. Résumé Malgré l'augmentation significative du nombre de femmes parmi les employés « en col blanc » dans le Japon de l'après-guerre, l'importance des relations sociales liées au travail et non à la famille ou à la vie de quartier de celle-ci n'a guère suscité d'intérêt. Le présent article étudie la manière dont deux groupes de femmes actives japonaises mobilisent de façon novatrice leurs réseaux d'amitiés « d'après le travail » pour en faire un site stratégique où elles peuvent atténuer l'écart décevant perçu entre leurs attentes et leur vécu et négocier un sentiment amélioré de valeur personnelle et d'estime de soi. L'auteur avance que les relations de travail des femmes peuvent s'avérer gratifiantes par elles-mêmes et que le travail peut modeler leur perception d'elles-mêmes et de leurs amitiés, au fil des transformations des conditions sociales, économies et politiques générales qui façonnent leur vécu.

From a publication called Tokyo at 10: establishing difference through the friendship networks of women executives in Japan authored by Lin, Ho Swee 2012 New Abstract, go

a historian who studies outsider perceptions of "monozukuri", and the change in education along monozukuri principles. Hiraoka looks at how monozukuri has changed and how it may be used to spread "cool Japan". The "spirit" is more central to the concept than the "skills" and this does not need to be limited to manufacturing/engineering education.

From a publication called Traditional images of Japan as a monozukuri country, with special reference to education in Japan and Cool Japan abroad authored by Hiraoka, M. 2009 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Tsukiji: The Fish Market at the Center of the World authored by Bestor, Theodore C. 2004 New Abstract, go

One of the unprecedented features of our contemporary world is the global scale of US military bases. In what aspects, and to what extent, have US bases abroad affected adjacent communities? How have these communities responded to the presence of the US bases? In addressing these questions, this paper explores the development and significance of the 1997 municipal master plan of Yomitan Village in Okinawa. The municipal master plan of Yomitan is unique in all of Japan in that it uses funshi (feng shui) as one of its aesthetic principles. This paper is concerned with how Yomitan's officials relied on the notion of funshi to forge their cultural identity despite the looming presence of US bases. By examining the history of the and-base movement and of community development in Yomitan, this paper demonstrates how a reliance on funshi was used to counter and resist the presence and influence of these military bases.

From a publication called US Military Bases and Funshi : The Anti-Base Movement and Community Development in Yomitan Village, Okinawa authored by Hara, Tomoaki 2011 New Abstract, go

This article begins by discussing a theoretically groundbreaking conference held in Japan in English, and asks why its organizers had no interest in publishing the results of this conference outside Japan. In seeking to understand this situation, the article first considers anthropologies throughout the world. It analyzes the massive American core, the semi-periphery of the large anthropological communities of Brazil, India, China, and Japan, and the periphery: the much smaller anthropological communities in Norway, Sweden, Israel, and Hong Kong. It then examines the particular situation of anthropology in Japan, in terms of its history, institutional structures, language, and underlying cultural factors, arguing that if American anthropology fundamentally views other societies' anthropologies as inferior, Japan views those anthropologies as foreign, and thus irrelevant. It concludes by discussing whether a world anthropology is possible, and considers whether Japan might lead such a world anthropology in overcoming the domination of the American anthropological center.

From a publication called Why Japanese Anthropology is Ignored Beyond Japan authored by Mathews, Gordon 2008 New Abstract, go

Focuses on the open content movement in the United States. Comparison with the free software movement; Arguments in support of the release of written documents with a license similar to the GNU General Public License; Link between a health democracy and the ability of citizens to access facts and ideas freely.

From a publication called Why Open Content Matters authored by Pfaffenberger, Bryan 2001 New Abstract, go

To focus on women may seem to run against the current trend, in anthropological studies of women, toward emphasizing gender ( 11, 27, 139). Gender is a relational concept, and considering it "requires that all domains be examined for the relational structures they embody" (11:284). 1 wholeheartedly agree that this should be done and that women do not constitute a social group but instead are present in nearly every group and class. In this review, however, I will focus on women for a strategic reason. To focus on Japanese women will help to fill gaps in the anthropological record of Japan, a record that has not paid due attention to women's voices. Giving their voices a hearing will open a Pandora's box of further questions, forcing us to reconsider the concepts, theories, and methodologies with which we have worked and to construct new ones (89). Before women's perspectives can be integrated successfully into the study of Japanese culture and history, we must listen to what women have to say about their own experiences, emotions, and thoughts. Their voices, not yet sufficiently explored, may lead to different views of Japanese culture and history. Thus, to focus on women is not to ghettoize them but to include their subjective experience in the study of Japan. It means seeing Japanese culture and history from the vantage points of women, who in recounting their experiences and emotions must talk about the lives of their male partners and/or competitors as well (121). I In Japan, as in the West during the 1960s, the cry of "the personal is political" became the central theme of feminism, which gathered momentum in the 1970s. This phrase implies that "the seemingly most intimate details of private existence are actually structured by larger social relations" (126:51). Here I accept this claim and attempt to understand how the lives of a variety of Japanese women are structured by such larger social relations.

From a publication called Women's Voices: Their Critique of the Anthropology of Japan authored by Tamanoi, Mariko Asano 1990 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Wrapping Culture: Politeness, Presentation, and Power in Japan and Other Societies (Oxford Studies in the Anthropology of Cultural Forms) authored by Hendry, Joy 1995 New Abstract, go

"Hostess clubs differ from the other clubs, bars, restaurants, and sex joints in the mizu shobai (literally ""water business;' the nightlife of urban Japan) by providing hostesses for their customers. While most of the businesses in the mizu sh6bai have staffs that consist exclusively of women, the role of. hostess is distinguishable from that of the others: the singer in jazz or chanson clubs; the singer who sings naked (no-pan karaoke); the waitress in bars, pubs, ""snacks;' restaurants; the waitress who waits tables without underpants on (no-pan kissa); the ""soap girl,"" who soaps up men and performs sex acts (so-pu = soap or soaplands); the ""girl"" who gives ""assisted masturbation"" and oral sex (pinhu saron); the model who poses half-naked (nozohi ~ Peeping Tom clubs); and the Mama, who manages and often owns her own ""snacks;' bar, or hostess club. 1 Precisely what kind of service is given at a hostess club and by what kind of woman depends somewhat on the individual club, particularly on its prices and its degree of classiness. Four factors, however, are universal: the hostess must be, or must act like, a \Voman;2 the hostess must treat the customer as a superior and tend to his various desires; the service, while alluding to sex, cannot proceed to genital penetration or oral sex; and the service is conducted primarily at the level of conversation. In short, what characterizes the hostess and differentiates her service from that offered by others in the mizu sh6bai is that her medium of service is primarily talk. The job of the hostess, as both speaker and listener, is to make customers feel special, at ease, and indulged. Or, as one japanese man told me, the role of the hostess is to make a man ""feel like a man."""

From a publication called Nightwork: Sexuality, Pleasure, and Corporate Masculinity in a Tokyo Hostess Club authored by Allison, Anne 1994 New Abstract, go

Based on fieldwork at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory—the facility that designed the neutron bomb and the warhead for the MX missile—Nuclear Rites takes the reader deep inside the top-secret culture of a nuclear weapons lab. Exploring the scientists' world of dark humor, ritualized secrecy, and disciplined emotions, anthropologist Hugh Gusterson uncovers the beliefs and values that animate their work. He discovers that many of the scientists are Christians, deeply convinced of the morality of their work, and a number are liberals who opposed the Vietnam War and the Reagan-Bush agenda. Gusterson also examines the anti-nuclear movement, concluding that the scientists and protesters are alike in surprising ways, with both cultures reflecting the hopes and anxieties of an increasingly threatened middle class. In a lively, wide-ranging account, Gusterson analyzes the ethics and politics of laboratory employees, the effects of security regulations on the scientists' private lives, and the role of nuclear tests—beyond the obvious scientific one—as rituals of initiation and transcendence. He shows how the scientists learn to identify in an almost romantic way with the power of the machines they design—machines they do not fear. In the 1980s the "world behind the fence" was thrown into crisis by massive anti-nuclear protests at the gates of the lab and by the end of the Cold War. Linking the emergence of the anti-nuclear movement to shifting gender roles and the development of postindustrial capitalism, Gusterson concludes that the scientists and protesters are alike in surprising ways, and that both cultures reflect the hopes and anxieties of an increasingly threatened middle class.

From a publication called Nuclear Rites: A Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War authored by Gusterson, Hugh 1998 New Abstract, go

Pretty awesome work and great bibliography, considering how randomly I came across this guy.

From a publication called Of Farmers , Furiita- , and the Foreign: Otherness and Inequality in the Hokkaido Dairy Industry authored by Hansen, Paul 2006 New Abstract, go

In 1995, an Okinawan schoolgirl was brutally raped by several U.S. servicemen. The incident triggered a chain of protests by women's groups, teachers' associations, labor unions, reformist political parties, and various grassroots organizations across Okinawa prefecture. Reaction to the crime culminated in a rally attended by some 85,000 people, including business leaders and conservative politicians who had seldom raised their voices against the U.S. military presence.Using this event as a point of reference, Inoue explores how Okinawans began to regard themselves less as a group of uniformly poor and oppressed people and more as a confident, diverse, middle-class citizenry embracing the ideals of democracy, human rights, and women's equality. As this identity of resistance has grown, however, the Japanese government has simultaneously worked to subvert it, pressuring Okinawans to support a continued U.S. presence. Inoue traces these developments as well, revealing the ways in which Tokyo has assisted the United States in implementing a system of governance that continues to expand through the full participation and cooperation of residents.Inoue deftly connects local social concerns with the larger political processes of the Japanese nation and the global strategies of the United States. He critically engages social-movement literature along with postmodern/structural/colonial discourses and popular currents and themes in Okinawan and Japanese studies. Rich in historical and ethnographical detail, this volume is a nuanced portrait of the impact of Japanese colonialism, World War II, and U.S. military bases on the formation of contemporary Okinawan identity.

From a publication called Okinawa and the U.S. Military: Identity Making in the Age of Globalization authored by Inoue, Masamichi S. 2013 New Abstract, go

The purposes of this paper are to track the main trends of Okinawan studies by Japanese scholars from the Meiji period to the present and to discuss the prospects for future studies. Before the Asian-Pacific War, most scholars embraced and attempted to verify the hypothesis called Nichiryu dosoron in which the Okinawan and Yamato peoples were thought to have a common racial and ethnic ancestry. After the war, however, interest in the origins of the Okinawan and Japanese peoples declined while interest in the socio-religious aspects of Okinawan culture increased. In the last two decades, Okinawan studies have become more diversified and specialized than ever before under the influence of postmodernism and postcolonialism. There are still, however, important subjects that remain almost untouched in Okinawan studies. Along with exploring subjects that have been ignored in the past, practitioners of Okinawan studies should strive to provide a common platform for promoting dialogue among themselves.

From a publication called Okinawan Studies in Japan, 1879-2007 authored by Hara, Tomoaki 2007 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Okubo Diary: Portrait of a Japanese Valley authored by Moeran, Brian 1985 New Abstract, go

My objective in this book is to contemplate how desire as something that segues both into and out of the realities of everyday life is configured through relations of production and consumption in late capitalist Japan. Specifically, I am interested in one domain of productivity: the home, where women, as mothers, havebeen major contributors, albeit "indirectly," as Mary Brinton writes (1993), to the economic success story of postwar Japan. It has been the role of stay-at-home mothers (not a viable option for all families, of course) to oversee and therefore ensure the high performance of Japanese youth as they labor through the ranks of a highly regimented and competitive school system. In this educated and disciplined body of the child are rootedthe labor force and consumer population of the Japanese state. In both cases, what is demanded is "the production of an exceptionally competent society whose members work remarkably well but do not, should not, produce spectacle as individuals"

From a publication called Permitted and prohibited desires: Mothers, comics, and censorship in Japan authored by Allison, Anne 1996 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Personal, Portable, Pedestrian: Mobile Phones in Japanese Life authored by Ito, Mizuko; Okabe, Daisuke & Matsuda, Misa 2006 New Abstract, go

"In this paper I examine the quest by physical anthropologists in Japan for the origins of the Japanese. A major focus of this research has been the Ainu people of the northern island of Hokkaido¯, who have recently been declared an indigenous people of Japan. The relationship between mainstream Japanese and the very much living community of the Ainu has been the subject of over 100 years of research. Integral to research has been the collection of Ainu skulls, skeletons, and artefacts that have provided a critical if controversial resource for physical anthropologists. This has all been against the backdrop of changing political ideologies about the so-called purity of the Japanese. In the post-World War II period, with the loss of empire, the idea of Japan as a homogeneous nation took hold, and it was only in the last two decades that this notion has been discredited."

From a publication called Physical Anthropology in Japan authored by Low, Morris 2012 New Abstract, go

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From a publication called Precarious Japan authored by Allison, Anne 2013 New Abstract, go

On 22 September 1986 in remarks widely reported in the American press, Japanese Prime Minister Nakasone Yasuhiro, addressing a National Study Council meeting of his ruling Liberal Democratic Party, blamed the presence of blacks, Puerto Ricans, and Mexicans for declining "American intelligence levels." In the same address, Nakasone praised Japan as a "high-level information society" (kodojoho shakai) on the cutting edge of the information age. Unfortunately, the prime minister was silent on the question of the source and quality of that information, as his comments on American intelligence levels and subsequent remarks by Watanabe Michio in 1988, at yet another party meeting accusing blacks of indifference to bankruptcy, strongly suggest. Whether callous or calumnious, these statements are not isolated incidents, for they are embedded in a negative view of the blacks that permeates virtually all aspects of Japanese discourse on the black Other. American furor over these comments focused on Japanese arrogance, ethnocentrism and antiblack racism; almost overnight Americans came to see Japanese "homogeneity'"-a myth embraced by many Japanese and Americans alike-as a weakness, with Op-Ed columns and advertisements singing self-congratulatoryp aeanst o the strengtho f Americanr aciald iversitya nd problematizing Japan's shabby treatment of its own-suddenly visible-minorities. What many Americanc ommentatorsig noredw as the contiguityo f Japanesea ndW esterna ntiblack racism.

From a publication called Race and Reflexivity: The Black Other in Contemporary Japanese Mass Culture authored by Russell, John 1991 New Abstract, go

During fieldwork among Filipina migrants married to Japanese men in rural Nagano, stories about Filipina women who had "run away" from Japanese husbands and families in the region regularly surfaced in casual conversations. This essay focuses on both running away and stories about it as interconnected means through which these women negotiated their dissatisfactios with their lives abroad. I suggest that through such practices, these women's dissatisfactions assumed a "runaway agency" that created unsettling and, sometimes, unexpected social effects. First, insofar as running away involved "underground micromovements," it enabled Filipina women to craft spaces in Japan outside the domestic boundaries of both the home and the nation. These "extradomestic spaces" offered at once hopeful and dangerous possibilities for building alternative lives in Japan. Second, as Filipina women who remained in rural Nagano gossiped about those who had run away, they pressured some Filipina wives into staying while encouraging others to leave. Third, running away became an unexpected leveraging tool through which some Filipina women negotiated the conditions of their domestic situations to unpredictable effect.

From a publication called Runaway Stories: The Underground Micromovements of Filipina Oyomesan" in Rural Japan" authored by Faier, Lieba 2008 New Abstract, go

This article focuses on the circulation and consumption of Japanese commodities invested with an informal, domestic form of spirituality, translated as 'luck'. Tambiah has argued that the dissemination of spiritual power objectified in Thai Buddhist amulets reflects the 'differential power distribution' and 'social control' vested in an hierarchically ordered lay society. My Japanese case study suggests that commodification of religious forms enables a more democratic diffusion of spirituality. Good luck charms are neither sacred nor secular; they challenge the supposed divide between the aesthetic value and utility of objects. They are part of extended networks of human and non-human agents, but through their various trajectories they also retain an independent agency rooted in their material properties.

From a publication called Scooping, raking, beckoning luck: luck, agency and the interdependence of people and things in Japan authored by Daniels, Inge Maria 2003 New Abstract, go