Quiz 1

Chronic overactivation of adaptive regulatory physiologic systems that increases susceptibility to disease is a. homeostasis b. allostasis 3. allostatic overload 4. coping

3. allostatic overload

Selye's phases of the stress response include which of the following? (Select all that apply) a. alarm b. homeostasis c. resistance d. allostasis e. exhaustion

a. alarm c. resistance e. exhaustion

The cortisol effect on protein metabolism is ______ in the liver and _______ in muscle and other tissues. a. anabolic, catabolic b. anabolic, anabolic c. catabolic, catabolic d. catabolic, anabolic

a. anabolic, catabolic

Which of the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose? (Select all that apply) a. cortisol b. aldosterone c. epinephrine d. norepinephrine

a. cortisol c. epinephrine d. norepinephrine

Socioeconomic factors influence disease development because of (select all that apply) a. hygiene b. environmental toxins c. overcrowding d. nutrition e. genetics

a. hygiene b. environmental toxins c. overcrowding d. nutrition

Which of the following is an example of clinical manifestation known as a sign? a. neck pain b. dislocated elbow c. nausea d. double vision (diplopia)

a. neck pain

The stage during which the patient functions normally even though the disease processes are well established is called a. subclincal b. latent c. convalescence d. prodromal

a. subclincal

Which is not normally secreted in response to stress? a. cortisol b. insulin c. norepinephrine d. epinephrine

b. insulin

A patient has been exposed to COVID-19 but is not yet demonstrating signs of this disease. This stage of illness is called the ______________ stage. a. convalescence b. latent c. prodromal d. sequela

b. latent

Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by: a. glucagon b. norepinephrine c. cortisol d. ACTH

b. norepinephrine

Your patient was recently exposed to a group A hemolytic Streptococcus and subsequently developed a pharyngeal (throat) infection. You examine him and note a temperature of 102.3º F, a skin rash, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and a reddened throat with multiple white pustules. He complains of a sore throat, body aches, and joint stiffness. The throat culture is positive for Streptococcus and antibiotics have been prescribed. The etiology of your patient's illness is a. sore throat b. streptococcal infection c. genetic susceptibility d. pharyngitis

b. streptococcal infection

A disease that is native to a particular location is called a. Pandemic b. Native c. Endemic d. Ethnographic

c. Endemic

Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in a. stress reduction b. movement into the resistance stage c. permanent damage and death d. exhaustion of the sympathetic nervous system

c. permanent damage and death

A 17-year-old college bound student receives a vaccine against an organism that causes meningitis. This is an example of a. secondary prevention b. prophylaxis c. primary prevention d. tertiary prevention

c. primary prevention

Allostasis is best defined as a. the process by which the body heals following disease b. steady-state c. the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being d. a state of equilibrium, of balance within the organism

c. the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention? a. Monthly breast examinations b. Colonoscopy for cancer screening c. Cardiac rehab after a heart attack d. Education about healthy diet and regular physical exercise

d. Education about healthy diet and regular physical exercise

The primary adaptive purpose of the substance produced in the alarm stage is a. set a new baseline steady state b. invoke a resting state c. produce exhaustion d. energy and repair

d. energy and repair

The effects of excessive cortisol production include a. anorexia b. hypoglycemia c. inflammatory reactions d. immune suppression

d. immune suppression

Indicators that an individual is experiencing high stress include all the following except a. tachycardia (increased heart rate) b. diaphoresis (sweating) c. increased blood pressure d. pupil constriction

d. pupil constriction

After experiencing a heart attack, a patient is instructed to take cholesterol lowering medication. This is an example of a. disease treatment b. primary prevention c. secondary prevention d. tertiary prevention

d. tertiary prevention