Quiz 1 - Chapter 18 Questions and Answers

What statement best describes erythropoietin? a. A hormone released by the kidneys when red blood cells, or oxygen levels, are low in the blood. b. A hormone secreted from the bone marrow in response to infection. c. The process by which blood replacement occurs. d. A hormone that stimulates blood clotting. e. A hormone released by the liver when blood calcium is low.

a. A hormone released by the kidneys when red blood cells, or oxygen levels, are low in the blood. THIS IS WRONG

What statement best describes leukocytes and erythrocytes production? a. Originates from stem cells in the bone marrow. b. Production occurs in the thymus. c. Production occurs in the liver. d. They are produced in the kidneys. e. Synthesis is inhibited by the adrenal glands.

a. Originates from stem cells in the bone marrow.

What statement best describes hemostasis? a. The process by which the body plugs a ruptured blood vessel to prevent blood loss. b. A term for excessive bleeding. c. The specific process when the smooth muscle in the vessel walls contracts dramatically. d. The term for the enzymes involved in platelet production. e. The maintenance of our internal environment around a set point.

a. The process by which the body plugs a ruptured blood vessel to prevent blood loss.

Blood is __________. a. a type of connective tissue b. a type of red blood cell (RBC) c. a type of epithelial tissue d. a fluid-like substance that is extremely viscous e. mainly made up of formed elements

a. a type of connective tissue THIS IS WRONG

What are the three major groups of plasma proteins? a. albumin, globulins, fibrinogen b. erythrocytes, leukocytes, albumin c. antibodies, globulins, erythrocytes d. fibrinogen, globulins, leukocytes e. erythrocytes, albumin. globulins

a. albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

Leukocytes that contain granules __________. a. are released from the bone marrow following a pathogenic invasion b. move from the bloodstream into the tissue immediately following a pathogenic invasion c. are typically B and T lymphocytes d. attract other leukocytes at the infection site e. have specialized vesicles that contain chemicals used in the cell's response

a. are released from the bone marrow following a pathogenic invasion THIS IS WRONG

Granular leukocytes, or granulocytes, have a grainy appearance when stained and examined under a microscope. Granular leukocytes include __________. a. neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils b. neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes c. monocytes and lymphocytes d. erythrocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes e. eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes

a. neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

What statement best describes megakaryocytes? a. A cell that carries large pathogens to the liver for destruction. b. A type of cell found in the bone marrow that releases platelets. c. A cell that replaces red blood cells when they are destroyed. d. A type of lymphocyte that is available only when a host is exposed to a pathogen for a second time. e. A cell that carries destroyed red blood cells to the liver for destruction.

b. A type of cell found in the bone marrow that releases platelets.

What statement best describes macrophages? a. Cells capable of phagocytizing debris, foreign pathogens, worn-out erythrocytes, and many other damaged cells. b. A type of cell found in the bone marrow that travels through the blood to seek out infection. c. A type of red blood cell that aids in carrying carbon dioxide. d. They are the most abundant leukocytes within the blood. e. They are produced in lymph nodes and travel through the blood to the infection site.

b. A type of cell found in the bone marrow that travels through the blood to seek out infection. THIS IS WRONG

__________ determines ABO blood types. a. Evolution of proteins in the blood b. Genetics c. An immune response from leukocytes d. The impact of various pathogens over time e. Blood transfusions

b. Genetics

A pathogen is best defined as__________. a. a cluster of local cells near the surface of the skin, including neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils b. a disease-causing agent c. proteins on the surface of a red blood cell d. substances within the blood that phagocytize, or ingest, bacteria e. an allergen

b. a disease-causing agent

Hematopoiesis __________. a. is another name for white blood cells b. is a term for the production of blood cells c. is another term for blood clotting d. produces cytokines that attract leukocytes to the site of injury e. are specialized vesicles that contain chemicals used in a cell's response

b. is a term for the production of blood cells

Erythrocytes are __________. a. the non-iron portion of heme that is degraded into a waste product b. produced in the bone marrow c. removed from the blood by the liver and becomes a yellow pigment d. the precursor for white blood cell production e. a compound released into the intestines to help emulsify dietary fats

b. produced in the bone marrow

Erythrocytes are also known as __________. a. cellular fragments b. red blood cells (RBCs) c. white blood cells (WBCs) d. platelets d. the extracellular matrix

b. red blood cells (RBCs)

What is the approximate percentage of water in plasma? a. 55% b. 76% c. 92% d. 97% e. 99%

c. 92%

The site of an injury results in a series of steps to help decrease pathogen entrance into the blood. What statement best defines the term diapedesis? a. An increase in white blood cell production. b. Release of antibodies into the bloodstream to attack any pathogen that has entered at the wound site. c. Leukocytes that leave the blood vessel and go into the tissue at the site of the injury. d. Signaling molecules that attract white blood cells to the site of infection. e. Specialized vesicles that contain chemicals used in the cell's response to the injury.

c. Leukocytes that leave the blood vessel and go into the tissue at the site of the injury.

Which of the following statements best describe agranular leukocytes? a. White blood cells that include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. b. They are disease-causing agents. c. White blood cells that include monocytes and lymphocytes. d. They comprise roughly 40-60 percent of the total leukocytes in the blood. e. The nucleus will typically have two to three lobes and the granules will have a bright pink or red color.

c. White blood cells that include monocytes and lymphocytes.

Deoxygenated blood, or systemic venous blood, means that the hemoglobin on erythrocytes __________. a. binds strongly to oxygen at the tissue level b. has a lower carbon dioxide content compared to oxygenated blood c. does not work anymore d. releases oxygen into the lungs e. releases some of the oxygen into the tissue

c. does not work anymore THIS IS WRONG

Biliverdin is __________. a. the non-iron portion of heme that is degraded into a waste product b. produced in the bone marrow c. removed from the blood by the liver and becomes a yellow pigment d. the precursor for red blood cell production e. a compound released into the intestines to help emulsify dietary fats

c. removed from the blood by the liver and becomes a yellow pigment THIS IS WRONG

Leukocytes are also known as __________. a. cellular fragments b. red blood cells (RBCs) c. white blood cells (WBCs) d. platelets e. the extracellular matrix

c. white blood cells (WBCs)

Vitamins and minerals are important for red blood cell production. Which of the following vitamins and/or minerals are key to erythropoiesis? a. vitamin K and calcium b. vitamin A and D vitamins c. vitamin E and iron d. B vitamins and iron e. iron and calcium

d. B vitamins and iron

What statement best describes fibrin? a. A plasma protein that secretes signals for red blood cells to attach to the platelet plug. b. A hormone that stimulates platelet production. c. The factor to stimulate vascular smooth muscle to contract. d. A plasma protein that stabilizes a growing platelet plug. e. Netlike mesh that covers the platelets once the platelet plug has been formed.

e. Netlike mesh that covers the platelets once the platelet plug has been formed.

What statement best describes plasma? a. The formed elements within the blood. b. The main oxygen carrier in blood. c. It is only important for immunity. d. The cellular fragments within the blood. e. The extracellular matrix in blood.

e. The extracellular matrix in blood.

Which of the following statements is FALSE about neutrophils? a. They are granular leukocytes. b. They are phagocytes; they ingest pathogens when they encounter them. c. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte and account for roughly 40-60 percent of total leukocytes in the blood. d. They are generally found in the thymus and travel through the blood when there is an infection. e. The nucleus is multilobed with pale red and blue granules.

e. The nucleus is multilobed with pale red and blue granules. THIS IS WRONG

Bile is __________. a. the non-iron portion of heme that is degraded into a waste product b. produced in the bone marrow c. removed from the blood by the liver and becomes a yellow pigment d. the precursor for white blood cell production e. a compound released into the intestines to help emulsify dietary fats

e. a compound released into the intestines to help emulsify dietary fats