Quiz 1 Child Welfare Practice

Responsibilities of the Child Welfare System

-Help every child have a safe secure home life. -Coordinate care with various agencies. -Respond to reports of children abuse &/or neglected. -Help families solve problems the causes abuse &/or neglect. -Prevent separation -Find suitable permanent homes for children -Work with families to return child home

characteristic/behaviors observed in children who have been abused no matter what the maltreatment.

Acting out behaviors Depression Anger Self hate Apathy or overly compliant At times hording food Low self esteem Inability to deal with aggression Inability to establish relationships Compulsive need to provoke punishment or rejection Withdrawn Intellectual delays, particularly verbal skills

• Sue and Sue (2003) describes cultural competence involving 3 competencies:

Awareness : being aware of your o wn assumptions, values, and beliefs. Knowledge: understanding worldviews of culturally diverse clients. . Skill - entails using modalities & interventions that are appropriate for the culturally different client.

McMaster Model

Basic Task: families ability to meet basic physical needs Developmental Task: families ability to handle developmental life cycle issues Hazardous Task: families ability to handle crisis that arise as result of illness, accident, loss:

Concrete Operations (7 to 11)

Child is capable of mental operations, which are logical rules for transforming and manipulation information

Characteristics/signs one might observe in children who have been sexually abused?

Difficulty- walking or sitting Refuses - physical activities or participation Reports of bed wetting and nightmares Changes in appetite Possible suicide attempts Reports sexual abuse

Latency (6 - 12 years)

Emphasis is on developing social skills rather that achieving sexual gratification.

Initiative vs. Guilt (4 to 7 years)

Family members are the primary significant others. Favorable relationships result in an ability to set goals and devise and carry out plans without infringing on rights of others

General steps involved in any assessment process

Gathering information Organizing information in a clear chronological order Analyzing the organized information to get a clear understanding of what factors brought client into the child welfare system

Attachment Theory, Bowlby and Ainsworth

Human infants are born with a biological instinct to become attached to a primary caregiver in order to ensure their physical survival and emotional well being.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Interest in establishing and guiding the next generation People one lives with becomes most important during this stage

Anal (1-3 years)

Landmark development, mastery of impulses and bodily functions. Fixation produces anal retentiveness

self awareness

Learning about one's own history, exploring ones own groups, values beliefs, legends, etc. Examining how culture has shaped you. Identifying & accepting both good and bad of ones own culture. Assessing your knowledge about the culture of clients you work with. Assessing knowledge,cultural views ,cross cultural communication,cultural prescribed behaviors,thoughts on family structure, child rearing, meeting physical

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Main task is developing intimate bond of love and friendship. If such bonds are not achieved, self absorption and isolation will result

Formal Operations (11 + years)

New abstract thoughts, reasoning and logic begin to evolve Can hear and see things from perspectives other than his own

Psychosexual Theory (Freud)

Oral ( birth - 1) Anal (1-3 years) Phallic-Oedipal(3 - 6) Latency (6 - 12 years) Genital(12+ years)

Identity vs. Identity Diffusion

Peers are the dominant social influence. A positive outcome is a sense of identity and direction

Three stages of mourning

Protest, crying inconsolably Despair, becomes withdrawn, apathetic, showing little interest in people or toys Detachment, returns to play & activity, but the sparkle if life is missing, upon reunion with caretaker there is mixed emotions & crying

Piaget's Cognitive Theory

Sensori-Motor (birth to 2) Preoperational Stage (2 to 7) Concrete Operations (7 to 11) Formal Operations (11 + years)

Genital (12+ years)

Sex glands mature and produce sex hormones Dramatic changes in the body occur

Phallic-Oedipal (3 - 6 years)

Sexual energy centered around genitals. Oedipal Conflict - a period of deep love and desire for opposite parent and same sex parent seen as a rival.

characteristic/behaviors observed in abusive parents/caretakers

Shows Little concern - child Calls child offensive names crude, brutal, or severely misguided actions to gain submission or control to influence child's behavior Unrealistic expectations Always needs to be in charge Rejects child obvious preference for one child over another Distant, shallow, or superficial relationships with family isolated from society Blames child problems Sees child as bad, worthless, or burdensome

Common signs of child abuse seen in abused children

Sudden changes - behavior ,school performance Has Not received help for physical or medical problems Watchful Lacks adult supervision Overly compliant, passive, or withdrawn Easily frightened fearful or anxious

• Maslow's Theory Hierarchy

Survival and physiological: food, clothing, shelter, medical Safety & security: protection from harm & violence Social (belonging): opportunity to interact in a positive environment Esteem (ego): opportunity to build self-respect and achieve personal dignity Self-actualization: opportunity for lifelong education & self improvement

Federal Laws that impacted child welfare

The Adoptions Assistance & Child Welfare Act of 1980 The Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 Multiethnic Placement Act of 1994 Adoptions & Safe Families Act of 1997 Immigrant Children

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt ( 1 to 3 years)

The developmental task is to learn control A sense of self develops out of positive interactions with one's parents or caretaker

Trust vs.. Mistrust (0-12 Months)

Trust begins with a positive relationship with one's primary caregiver during infancy results in a sense of trust and optimism

oral (birth -1)

Weaning is the primary source of conflict. Fixation can result in dependency, passivity, gullibility, sarcasm, and oral-focused habits separation anxiety between 6 to 11 months children begin showing preference to mother or primary caregiver

Abandonment

When a parent or legal guardian, while being able, makes no provision for the child's support and makes no effort to communicate with the child

Cultural Encapsulation

When someone defines everyone's reality according to their own assumptions & stereotypes Disregard cultural differences Ignores evidence that disconfirms their beliefs Disregards their own cultural biases

• When making a report to the Hotline what kind of things do you want to be able to speak about?

Who was involved What occurred When and where it occurred, location/address Why it happened The extent of the injuries What the victim said happened And any other pertinent information

Disorganized/disoriented

are disorganized, fragmented, conflicted, exhibit fear of caretakers Often seen in abused and/or neglected children

The Goodness-of Fit Model

assessment of the child's needs and the parent's ability to meet those needs

Preoperational Stage (2 to 7)

children to learn through use of language, mental images and other symbols which stand for things not present. As a result children are able to engage in symbolic play and solve problems mentally

Industry vs. Inferiority (7 to puberty)

developmental push is toward learning & social skills

Cultural Insensitivity

east evolved stage of cultural effectiveness. It is characterized by attitudes and behaviors that are prejudicial & discriminatory.

Secure

infants are mildly upset by the absence of their primary care taker Mothers are usually consistent

Sexual Abuse

interaction with a child by an adult or older child for the purpose of sexually gratifying or stimulating the adult or older child

Emotional Abuse

involves failure to provide for the appropriate emotional developmental needs of a child resulting in psychological damage to the child

Insecure (anxious) avoidant

little distress when mother leaves them and upon their mother's return avoids or ignores her Mothers of avoidant children are usually impatient and unresponsive

Physical Abuse

non-accidental physical injury to a child caused by a parent or caretaker

Integrity vs. Despair

people reflect back on the life they have lived

Cultural Indifference

people who have no animosity toward people from other cultures but are indifferent to their presence & unaware of the importance of their culture.

Sensori-Motor (birth to 2)

sensory information provided by how things look, feel, taste and actions are performed on objects such as sucking, grasping, hitting,

• Who is responsible for reporting suspected child abuse & neglect?

social workers, physicians, nurses, mental health professionals, teachers, day care workers and other professionals such as child care workers, law enforcement officers, judges and any other persons working with children.

Child Welfare

specialized field of social work practice adapted to the needs of children and programs geared toward their well-being

Cultural Sensitivity

the capacity to relate to those of another culture in a manner that makes one feel comfortable

Insecure (anxious) ambivalent/resistance

very disturbed when left alone with a stranger but is ambivalent when mother returns Mothers of avoidant children are usually not consistent