Quiz 1 HR Summer 2020

T or F: The single factor most responsible for success of failure in business and personal relationships is effective interpersonal skills.

True

Understanding human relations begins informally as early as a. childhood. b. adolescence. c. college age. d. young adulthood.

a. childhood

Your text suggests that human relations is more accurately thought of as an art. Which of the following best describes this statement? a. Getting along with others is challenging because we have to consider the contexts of our interactions. b. Getting along with others just takes skills; applying skills indiscriminately, regardless of the situation, will result in continued success. c. Getting along with others is best described as love conquers all. If everyone loves me, they will understand me, even if I lack interpersonal skills. d. Getting along with others is a waste of time because individuals will only look at credentials, such as GPA and computer skills.

a. getting along with others is challenging because we have to consider the contexts of our interactions

When compared to individualistic cultures, collectivistic cultures enjoy ________ loyalty in family and social groups. a. greater b. marginally less c. the same d. significantly

a. greater

Fraternities often have a strict power hierarchy including pledges, members, officers, and the president. An organization such as this where inequality is valued could also be known as a ____________ power distance culture. a. high b. low c. moderate d. necessary

a. high

According to Bateson (1994), _____________ must cooperate, which fosters a more feminine society. a. hunting and gathering b. agriculture c. fishing d. industry

a. hunting and gathering

In individualistic countries, the relationship between the individual and his or her group is a. independent. b. collectivistic. c. collaborative. d. interdependent.

a. independent

When we make decisions based on how they will affect us individually versus how they may affect others, we are using the ___________ value system. a. individualism-collectivism b. power distance c. masculinity-femininity d. population density

a. individulaism-collectivism

Psychology takes into account _________ such as personality and ________ such as social factors that influence how a person evaluates a situation. a. internal influences; external influences b. external influences; internal influences c. unstable influences; stable influences d. social influences; personal influences

a. internal influences; external influences

Individuals from high uncertainty cultures appear a. more reactive to unexpected events. b. less cautious in approaching new situations. c. less resistant to change and new ideas. d. more curious in response to ambiguity.

a. more reactive to unexpected events

In low power distance cultures, there is more ______________, meaning that a person born in a lower class has greater opportunity to achieve higher status than a similar person in a high power distance culture. a. social mobility b. social discussion c. social stagnation d. inequality

a. social mobility

Which of the following statements is true concerning the influence of population density on social structure? a. When people are crowded in a society, greater social structure is needed to maintain order. b. When people are crowded in a society, less social structure increases harmony. c. When people live in sparsely populated areas, greater social structure is needed to provide rules. d. When people live in sparsely populated areas, greater social structure provides strict hierarchies necessary to increase interactions.

a. when people are crowded in a society, greater social structure is needed to maintain order

According to Bateson (1994), _____________ creates competition for land and resources, which fosters a more competitive, masculine society. a. hunting and gathering b. agriculture c. fishing d. industry

b. agriculture

Because humans are social as well as biological in nature, our chances of survival improve when we a. work independently. b. belong to a group. c. plan ahead. d. focus on ourselves.

b. belong to a group

The multiple definitions of culture, as well as the multiple disciplines that study culture (i.e., anthropology, sociology, history, etc.), suggest that culture is a. individualistic. b. complex. c. idiosyncratic. d. simplistic.

b. complex

Individuals from collectivistic cultures are more likely to live in _______ families, whereas individuals from individualistic cultures are more likely to live in ________ families. a. nuclear; extended b. extended; nuclear c. stable; unstable d. stable; unstable

b. extended; nuclear

The value of independence in individualistic cultures also influences elderly adults by a. increasing the likelihood that an adult child would take care of his or her elderly parents. b. increasing the likelihood that elderly individuals will move into convalescent homes, rather have adult children take care of them. c. decreasing the likelihood that adults will reach older adulthood. d. increasing the likelihood that adult children will quit full-time employment to care for elderly parents.

b. increasing the likelihood that elderly individuals will move into convalescent homes, rather have adult children take care of them.

Cultures placing higher value on the individual are called __________ cultures. a. self-centered b. individualistic c. collectivistic d. power limited

b. individualistic

Individuals who come from a country which deemphasizes hierarchies and tries to reduce the distance between those hierarchies are from a ________ power distance culture. a. high b. low c. moderate d. necessary

b. low

One way anxiety is reduced in high UA cultures is through a. anxiety avoidance. b. open expression of emotions. c. staying relaxed, which helps channel anxious energy. d. avoiding stability as much as possible.

b. open expression of emotions

Some cultures perceive ambiguity as an ongoing threat to be resisted whereas others perceive ambiguity as normal and nonthreatening. This concept is known as a. certainty avoidance. b. uncertainty avoidance. c. stress avoidance. d. uncertainty acceptance.

b. uncertainty avoidance

Most cross-cultural researchers believe that a specific culture's values are often related to the natural resources available in a certain geographic region. For example, a. when there are few natural resources, people may work more competitively. b. when there are many natural resources, people become less interdependent. c. when there are many natural resources, people become less independent. d. when there are few natural resources, people become more interdependent.

b. when there are many natural resources, people become less interdependent

In countries with Eastern culture (e.g., Japan), hinting to one's meaning rather than expressing information directly in a conversation allows the listener to a. critique the message. b. debate the issue. c. "save face." d. "get to the point."

c. "save face"

Individuals from low uncertainty avoidance cultures a. are motivated to stay busy. b. feel free to express emotions. c. are comfortable with uncertainty. d. need clarity and structure.

c. are comfortable with uncertainty

According to your text, although sexual modesty is a value, the idea that people should wear clothing to preserve modesty is a(n) a. attitude. b. perception. c. belief. d. expectation of the situation.

c. belief

In general, individuals from Western cultures are more likely to value ___________ in communication. a. expectations b. respect c. cooperation d. assertiveness

c. cooperation

In high power distance cultures power is seen as __________, whereas in low power distance cultures, power is seen as a. evil; justified. b. deserving; evil. c. deserving; arbitrary. d. arbitrary; evil.

c. deserving; arbitrary.

To explain the high power distance in France, as compared to other European countries, one can examine its a. climate. b. economy. c. enduring history of aristocracy. d. decrease in technological advances

c. enduring history if aristocracy

The _____________ dimension deals with the degree of differentiation between the roles of men and women in a culture. a. individualism-collectivism b. low power distance-high power distance c. masculinity-femininity d. low uncertainty avoidance-high uncertainty avoidance

c. masculinity-femininity

One advantage to living in an individualistic culture is the focus on a. sharing. b. interdependence. c. personal choice. d. family.

c. personal choice

__________ examines how a culture addresses the basic issue of human inequality. a. Collectivism b. Realism c. Power distance d. Economics

c. power distance

According to Howard Markham, _________________________account(s) for more than 60% of the level of satisfaction and happiness in married couples' relationships.

communication skills

According to a study of more than 50 countries, ____ and _____ countries are the most collectivistic. a. Scandinavian; Finnish b. Eastern European; African c. North American; Western European d. South American, Asian

d. South American, Asian

5. Which of the following is an example of a country considered high in collectivism? a. Italy b. India c. Japan d. South Korea

d. South Korea

Empirical evidence differs from anecdotal evidence in that empirical evidence a. makes sense. b. is grounded in combined experiences or observations of many individuals. c. is based on one person's experience. d. cannot be demonstrated in research.

d. cannot be demonstrated in research

The biggest challenge in identifying the value behind another person's behavior is to a. figure out what positive outcome the person is aiming for. b. investigate who taught them the behavior. c. relating it to our own value system. d. define it as a "good" or "bad" value.

d. define it as a good or bad value

Researchers relying on _____ base decisions on data that have been collected from many people using precise measurements. a. intuition b. personal experience c. anecdotal evidence d. empirical evidence

d. empirical evidence

Of the three dimensions most often studied with respect to culture, _________ has been the most widely used in cross-cultural research. a. high power distance-low power distance b. masculinity-femininity c. idealism-realism d. individualism-collectivism

d. individualism-collectivism

In collectivist countries, the relationship between the individual and his or her group is a. independent. b. collectivistic. c. autonomous. d. interdependent.

d. interdependent

Japan, is a ________________ culture which expects a high degree of separation between men's roles and women's roles. a. feminine b. low power distance c. low uncertainty avoidance d. masculine

d. masculine

Individuals from high uncertainty avoidance cultures a. are motivated to stay busy. b. feel free to express emotions. c. are comfortable with uncertainty. d. need clarity and structure.

d. need clarity and structure

The concepts of sex and gender are usually differentiated in that sex a. refers to the social differences between men and women, and gender encompasses the biological differences between masculinity and femininity. b. refers to the different behaviors across men and women, whereas gender refers only to the different perceptions associated with masculinity and femininity. c. encompasses educational differences between men and women, and gender defines their occupation. d. refers to the biological differences between men and women, and gender is associated with the social differences between masculinity and femininity.

d. refers to the biological differences between men and women, and gender is associated with the social differences between masculinity and femininity.

1. Which of the following components is NOT related to context of an interaction between two individuals? a. Cultural background of the individuals b. Personalities of the individuals c. Situational factors involved in the interaction d. Unrelated topics

d. unrelated topics