Quiz 11: Spinal cord

In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater? Question 3 options: a) a monosynaptic reflex b) a polysynaptic reflex

a polysynaptic reflex

Each spinal nerve provides ________ innervation to peripheral structures. Question 1 options: a) motor b) sensory c) motor AND sensory d) motor OR sensory

motor AND sensory

The ________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm. Question 8 options: a) median b) radial c) phrenic d) sciatic

phrenic

The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves, except the Question 2 options: a) radial. b) median. c) ulnar. d) musculocutaneous. e) phrenic.

phrenic.

The eight pairs of cervical nerves are classified as: Question 12 options: spinal nerve scranial nerves intercostal nerves intervertebral nerves

spinal nerves

Match the following nerves with their function: Question 14 options: Facial Optic Vagus Phrenic 1.sensory and motor to diaphragm 2.motor to muscles of facial expression; sensory for gustation in anterior 2/3 of tongue 3.vision 4.motor and sensory to visceral organs

2,3,4,1

Beta-adrenergic receptors always have an inhibitory effect. Question 16 options: True False

False

Which neurotransmitter is released by the preganglionic sympathetic neuron? Question 18 options: a) norepinephrine b) dopamin e) acetylcholine d) endorphin

acetylcholine

The obturator nerve is distributed to the Question 15 options: a) adductors of the hip. b) biceps brachii. c) extensors of the hip. d) skin over buttocks.

adductors of the hip.

A reflex arc always contains: Question 1 options: a. afferent and efferent components b. no interneurons c. pathways located only in the CNS d. pathways located only in the PNS

afferent and efferent components

During sympathetic activation, ___________ occurs. Question 14 options: a) elevated heart rate b) elevated blood pressure c) elevated blood glucose d) all of the above

all of the above

Ganglionic (postganglionic) neurons innervate such things as Question 9 options: a) smooth muscle. b) cardiac muscle. c) glands. d) all of the above

all of the above

Fibers of the autonomic nervous system: Question 10 options: a. are distributed to the smooth muscles and glands throughout the body b. control contraction and relaxation of all the skeletal muscles of the body c. connect the various networks of the reticular formation d. all of the above e. both a and b

are distributed to the smooth muscles and glands throughout the body

All of the following are true of muscle spindles, except that they Question 4 options: a) are found within skeletal muscle. b) are found in tendons. c) are the receptor for the stretch reflex. d) are propriceptors

are found in tendons.

Postganglionic neurons usually synapse with preganglionic neurons in the ________ and have axons that innervate ________. Question 10 options: a) brain; visceral effectors b) autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors c) visceral effectors; brain d) brain; spinal cord

autonomic ganglia; visceral effectors

A decrease in the autonomic tone of the smooth muscle in a blood vessel would result in Question 11 options: a) an increase in vessel diameter. b) a decrease in vessel diameter. c) an increase in blood flow through the vessel. d) both an increase in vessel diameter and an increase in blood flow through the vessel.

both an increase in vessel diameter and an increase in blood flow through the vessel.

Which of the following would lead to increased heart rate? Question 4 options: a) increased sympathetic input b) increased parasympathetic input c) decreased parasympathetic input d) both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input

both increased sympathetic input and decreased parasympathetic input

Spinal nerves are Question 17 options: a) purely sensory. b) purely motor. c) both sensory and motor. d) never mixed

both sensory and motor.

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in Question 15 options: a) the brain stem .b) the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord. c) the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord. d) both the brain stem and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

both the brain stem and the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.

All of the following are true of reflexes, except that they Question 5 options: a) are automatic motor responses. b) involve at least two neurons. c) help preserve homeostasis. d) cannot be modified by the brain.

cannot be modified by the brain.

Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex? Question 16 options: a) normal in newborns, abnormal in adults b) a sign of injury to descending spinal tracts c) causes you to close your eyes when you sneeze d) causes flaring of the toes when the sole is stroked

causes you to close your eyes when you sneeze

The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain Question 8 options: a) axons of motor neurons. b) axons of sensory neurons. c) cell bodies of motor neurons. d) cell bodies of sensory neurons.

cell bodies of sensory neurons.

Clusters of ganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate organs in the abdominopelvic region are called ________ ganglia. Question 13 options: a) intramural b) collateral c) paravertebral d) suprarenal

collateral

Autonomic motor neurons Question 12 options: a) cause general relaxation. b) cause general excitation. c) conduct impulses to skeletal muscles. d) conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.

conduct impulses to smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.

The parasympathetic nervous system functions to: Question 20 options: a. provide quick energy but slow digestion b. conserve energy but facilitate digestion c. provide quick energy and facilitate digestion d. conserve energy and slow digestion

conserve energy but facilitate digestion

The _____________ reflex complements the flexor withdrawal reflex by activating contralateral muscles. Question 10 options: a) stretch b) tendon c) flexor d) crossed extensor

crossed extensor

Each of the following effects is associated with the action of postganglionic sympathetic fibers, except Question 6 options: a) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles .b) reduced circulation to the skin. c) decreased heart rate. d) dilation of the pupils and airways.

decreased heart rate.

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological state(s)? Question 13 options: a) exertion b) trauma c) digestion d) stress

digestion

Drugs known as beta-blockers may be useful for treating Question 19 options: a) constipation. b) prostate disorders. c) excessive salivation. d) excessive heart rate.

excessive heart rate.

The stretch reflex Question 19 options: a) is important in regulating muscle length. b) involves a receptor called the Golgi tendon organ. c) is activated when a smooth muscle lengthens. d) none of the above

is important in regulating muscle length.

Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are located in the Question 14 options: a) lateral gray horns of the cervical cord. b) anterior gray horns of the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. c) lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord. d) lateral gray horns of T1 to S2 of the spinal cord.

lateral gray horns of segments T1 to L2 of the spinal cord.

Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles. Question 11 options: a) shoulder b) intercostal c) facial d) leg

leg

In general, parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________. Question 9 options: a) long; short b) short; long

long; short

The flexor withdrawal reflex Question 1 options: a) prevents a muscle from overstretching. b) prevents a muscle from generating damaging tension. c) moves a limb away from a painful stimulus. d) is usually initiated by the brain.

moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.

The ________ division of the ANS is known as the rest and digest division. Question 2 options: a) sympathetic b) parasympathetic c) thoracolumbar d) visceral

parasympathetic

Craniosacral division is another name for the Question 17 options: a) sympathetic division of the ANS .b) parasympathetic division of the ANS. c) fight or flight division. d) somatic sensory division

parasympathetic division of the ANS.

An interlacing of nerves is known as a: Question 7 options: a. dorsal root b. ganglia c. perineurium d. plexus

plexus

The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the neighboring spinal nerves is termed a Question 3 options: a) dermatome. b) plexus. c) ganglion. d) tract.

plexus.

A visceral motor neuron whose cell body is within the CNS is called a(n) ________ neuron. Question 18 options: a) upper motor b) lower motor c) preganglionic d) postganglionic

preganglionic

As the ________ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the common fibular nerve and the tibial nerve. Question 20 options: a) phrenic b) femoral c) brachial d) sciatic

sciatic

A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a Question 18 options: a) cervical enlargement. b) lumbar enlargement. c) spinal nerve. d) spinal meninx.

spinal nerve.

If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, Question 5 options: a) output to skeletal muscles would be blocked. b) output to visceral organs would be blocked. c) the spinal cord would not be able to process information. d) sensory input would be blocked.

sensory input would be blocked.

Cranial and spinal nerves are capable of transmitting: Question 19 options: a. only sensory information b. only motor information c. only autonomic information d. sensory, motor, and autonomic information

sensory, motor, and autonomic information

In the condition ________, a virus infects dorsal root ganglia, causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their dermatomes. Question 7 options: a) myasthenia gravis b) neuronal damage c) shingles d) chickenpox

shingles

In general, sympathetic preganglionic fibers are ________ and postganglionic fibers are ________. Question 15 options: a) long; short b) short; long

short; long

Nerves between the sympathetic chain ganglia and the collateral ganglia are called ________. Question 6 options: a) splanchnic nerves b) cranial nerves C) sensory nerves D) ganglionic nerves

splanchnic nerves

The sympathetic division of the ANS is also known as which of the following? Question 12 options: a) somatic division b) craniosacral division c) resting division d) thoracolumbar division

thoracolumbar division

The statement "Preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine" is: Question 20 options: a) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. b) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. c) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. d) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ________ reflex. Question 7 options: a) stretch b) Golgi tendon c) flexor withdrawal d) crossed extensor

Golgi tendon

Which of the following reflexes functions to prevent injury to tendons and muscle fibers? Question 2 options: a. stretch b. crossed extension c. flexor d. Golgi tendon

Golgi tendon

Which of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is false? Question 11 options: a) Preganglionic neurons are located in the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord. b) Postganglionic neurons are located in ganglia within or near to effector organs. c) Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long. d) The preganglionic neurons always release acetylcholine.

Preganglionic fibers are relatively short and postganglionic fibers are relatively long.

Stimulation of the beta receptors on heart muscle cells results in Question 1 options: a) increased heart rate. b) increased force of contraction .c) all of the above d) none of the above

all of the above

The stimulation of adrenergic receptors can lead to Question 16 options: a) an increase in metabolic activity. b) relaxation of airway smooth muscle. c) the breakdown of triglycerides within adipocytes. d) all of the above e) none of the above

all of the above

In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise? Question 2 options: a) cervical b) brachial c) lumbar d) sacral

brachial

The statement It sends its preganglionic axons into the ventral roots. is Question 17 options: a) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system .b) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. c) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. d) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

The statement there is always a synapse in a peripheral ganglion between the CNS and the effector organ is Question 3 options: a) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. b) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. c) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. d) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.

true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

The statement "Its ganglia are usually near or within the end organ" is: Question 13 options: a) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. b) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. c) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. d) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

The statement "Its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is: Question 8 options: a) true only for the parasympathetic nervous system. b) true only for the sympathetic nervous system. c) true for both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. d) not true for either the parasympathetic or sympathetic nervous systems.

true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.

Parasympathetic blocking agents can be useful in treating Question 5 options: a) heart failure. b) high blood pressure. c) urinary incontinence. d) all of the above

urinary incontinence.

Which of these provides parasympathetic innervation to structures in the neck and in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? Question 4 options: a) vagus nerves b) sciatic nerves C) facial nerves D) median nerves

vagus nerves

Almost 75 percent of all parasympathetic outflow travels along the Question 9 options: a) splanchnic nerves. b) facial nerves. c) vagus nerves.

vagus nerves.

The ventral root of a spinal nerve contains Question 3 options: a) axons of motor neurons. b) axons of sensory neurons. c) cell bodies of motor neurons. d) cell bodies of sensory neurons.

axons of motor neurons.

A drug decreases heart rate by blocking a receptor on cardiac pacemaker cells. This drug probably binds to ________ receptors. Question 6 options: a) nicotinic cholinergic b) muscarinic cholinergic c) alpha adrenergic d) beta adrenergic

beta adrenergic