QUIZ 14 (CH 7 ) soc psych

When trying to predict the behavior of a single individual, the most useful information will be:

information specific to that individual

Where did the word "scapegoat" come from?

Ancient Hebrews had a custom during Atonement where the priest placed his hands on the goat and recited the sins of the people. Then they allowed the goat to escape.

According to Aronson, which of the following is a result of a jigsaw classroom?

Minority children performed better than in a traditional classroom.

Devah Pager's research with college graduates interviewing for jobs revealed that which group was LEAST likely to be called back for an interview?

Blacks with a clean record

Duncan's research study showed a video of an argument between a black man and a white man that resulted in one them shoving the other man. Research participants were more likely to see the act as aggressive rather than playful if:

Both A and B are correct

What conclusion did Glick and Fiske come to with regard to hostile and benevolent sexism?

Both hostile and benevolent sexism are limiting to women because they justify relegating women to traditional roles.

How did America see the Chinese during the 19th century?

The Chinese were defined in negative stereotypes during economic hard times and in very positive terms when their labor was needed for building the railroad.

Which of the following is a good example of blaming the victim?

People blaming a lower-class person for being poor because they feel he is lazy or stupid and does not want to work.

What did Steele and Aronson mean by their term "stereotype threat"?

The individuals who are a minority come to believe the cultural stereotypes, and they do not perform as well in society.

How did Muzafer Sherif reduce the tension at the camp between the Eagles and Rattlers?

They deliberately broke the water supply system, so it took all the boys in both groups working together to fix it.

Suppose you were a woman who felt she was the victim of sexual discrimination and prejudice. According to experimental data, which of the following strategies will be effective in reducing this prejudice?

Working interdependently with men in situations that allow you both an equal status

Stereotype threat can be negated by focusing on things that:

buffer your self-concept

In general, early efforts to desegregate the schools resulted in:

an unanticipated decrease in the self-esteem of minority children

More white people abuse drugs than minorities, and they are:

arrested and prosecuted at lower rates than their minority counterparts

When teachers were told to watch a video of four children playing and look for potentially problematic behavior, the eye-tracking data revealed that:

both black and white teachers spent more time watching the black boy

The fact that babies as young as three months will show a preference for faces of their own race indicates that:

categorization is a process fundamental to cognition

The first step in prejudice is ________, and the second step is ________.

categorization; creating a stereotype

Crocker found that the greatest amount of prejudice was between groups that were economically:

close and in competition for jobs

After Muzafer Sherif and his associates had arbitrarily divided boys in a summer camp into two groups, they found that intergroup hostility could be created by providing ________ and reduced by providing ________.

competitive activities; cooperative activities

When women's and men's actual behavior is observed systematically under a variety of conditions, the sexes:

do not differ in their ability to both feel and express empathy for others

Thomas Pettigrew reported on coal miners in West Virginia who worked below ground in a completely intergraded environment and a completely segregated one aboveground. He believes the prejudice displayed/or not displayed in this case was due to:

conformity to social norms

Believing that the world is a "just place" tends to:

create a less just world by leading the person to derogate those who have received bad outcomes through no fault of their own

The second component of prejudice is emotion, and it causes prejudice to be:

deeply resistant to logical arguments against it

Recent research has shown that children who cooperate with each other in interdependent classroom situations:

develop more empathy

The research study about "Mark Flick" the basketball player demonstrated that people use stereotypes of African Americans that:

favor athletic skills over intelligence

Mutual interdependence refers to a situation in which:

individuals need and are needed by one another to accomplish their goals

Jorge states, "I always knew that that white guy Johnson was a sneak. I'm not at all surprised that they finally caught him stealing money out of the cash drawer." Jorge's statement is best thought of as an example of:

hindsight bias

King and her associates had research confederates go shopping in a clothing store. When they were dressed up in a "fat suit" and were drinking a diet soda, they received more eye contact and were spoken to _________ compared to when they were drinking a milkshake.

in a friendly manner

If a prejudice is largely cognitive, it is based in misinformation and:

is relatively easy to change

According to The Social Animal, the jigsaw technique was successful because:

it capitalized on children's self-interest to do well in school

According to the textbook, the Jigsaw classroom was successful because:

it capitalized on children's self-interest to do well in school.

Research participants who were asked to predict the intensity of 10 hurricanes (half with male names and half with female names) rated the _______ as more intense and threatening than __________.

male-named storms; female-named storms

Which of the following is probably NOT a major cause of prejudice as discussed by Aronson?

one's racial background

The use of blind auditions for positions in major symphony orchestras has resulted in:

orchestras having roughly an equal number of male and female musicians

When it comes to changing deeply rooted attitudes and behavior, such as prejudice, the most effective strategy is to:

place people in a situation in which they must change their behavior, then changes in attitudes will follow

In ambiguous situations, people tend to construct narratives that are consistent with their:

prejudices

Aronson argues that the most effective way to reduce prejudice is to:

require people to desegregate with no options of going back to segregation

According to the "psychology of inevitability," if an individual anticipates close contact with a group against which he or she is prejudiced:

that individual will change his or her prejudiced attitude so that it becomes more favorable toward the grou

The major feature of jigsaw groups that Aronson believes accounts for their success in reducing the negative effects of prejudice is:

the necessity of depending on all group members for vital information

In the Lerner experiment, in which subjects observed the experimenter flipping a coin to decide which of two people would be rewarded for his work, it was later found that:

the nonrewarded person was seen as having worked less on the task (blaming the victim)

Bodenhausen's study of "morning people" and "evening people" suggests that:

we are all more likely to stereotype when we are not at our best

Aronson argues that the evidence linking IAT (Implicit Association Test) scores with overt behavior is:

weak

Frey and Gaertner, in a study involving prejudice and helping, found that:

whites discriminated against a black person only when such discrimination could be easily rationalized