Quiz 3: CELL DIVISION AND REPRODUCTION
archegonium
An organ in lower vascular plants, gymnosperms, mosses, and liverworts which produces an egg cell.
antheridium
An organ in simpler plants that produces sperm cells.
gametangium
An organ of lower plants, some protists and some fungi that produces gametes.
gymnosperm
Cone-bearing plant. Often called evergreen.
oogamous
Having gametes of different size and shape. Usually oogamous organisms have eggs and sperm.
each of the cells involved in fertilization
is haploid
Only the same basic _______ can interbreed successfully
kinds
oogamy
large egg cells and smaller sperm cells (oogamous)
Flowering plants most often have
male and female parts in the same flower
Genetic variability
most important result of sexual reproduction
In order for evolution to occur
new genetic information (genes) must be supplied
gonads
organs that produce gametes (sex cells)
ovary
A gonad that produces eggs
testis
A gonad that produces sperm
egg
A large gamete with stored food.
cone
A reproductive organ of gymnosperms having a central axis with radiate scales and bracts. A cone can either produce pollen or ovules.
sperm
A small, flagellated male gamete that swims to the egg to fertilize it.
motile
Capable of independent movement.
immotile
Incapable of independent movement.
anisogamy
The condition of having anisogametes.
anisogamete
The condition of having gametes similar in shape, but different in size.
ovum
The egg cell; a female gamete.
ovary
The female gonad in animals. It produces eggs. Also, in plants it is the lower portion of the pistil that contains ovules and develops into fruit.
testis
The male gonad in animals. It produces sperm.
stamen
The male organ of plants. It produces pollen.
anther
The part of the stamen of a flower that bears the pollen.
zygote
The result of fertilization in which two gametes have fused together. Often simply called a fertilized egg.
environment
The surroundings of an organism.
flagellum
a long, slender, threadlike structure which projects outward from a cell
Pollen is produced in part of the stamen called
anther
Sperm are produced in
antheridia
Eggs are produced in organs called
archegonia (archegonium)
Conjugation is directly opposite to
binary fission
Cone bearing plants are classified as
gymnosperms
All the gametes of isogamous organisms are genetically
identical
each individual is unique, the only exception is
identical twins
two types of gametes
immotile, stored food and chromosomes - egg (ovum) mobile, flagellum at tip and chromosomes - sperm
duplicated chromosomes RECOMBINE
into four haploid sets
The human gametes are
oogamous
conjugation
the act of fertilization involves the transfer of genetic information into one cell
Sexual reproduction is the only means of reproduction in
the higher animals
The number of possible chromosomal combinations of each new individual produced by fertilization is equal to
the square of the possible chromosomal combinations of each gamete
Fertilization occurs when
two gametes come together and the chromosomes combine
zygote
A fertilized egg cell
gonad
Gamete producing organs in animals
isogamete
Gametes that are the same in size and shape.
isogametes are
Gametes the same in size and shape
flagellum
Long, whip-like structure extending from a cell used for locomotion.
gametangia
Lower plant gametes produce gametes that are isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous
yolk
Stored food material in the eggs of many animals.
oogamy
The condition of being oogamous.
isogamy
condition of having isogametes
The familiar pine cone is a
female, produce eggs in archegonia
Angiosperms (flowering plants) produce their gametes in
flowers (sperm is found in a grain of pollen)
Sexual reproduction advantage to seed plants
free of certain diseases
anisogametes
gametes that are similar in shape and form, but are not the same SIZE
Variation results from
genetic mechanisms which yield numerous combinations of pre-existing genes inherited from ancestors
gametes used in sexual reproduction
genetically vary (bc of meiosis) and differ from parent cells
protozoans and algae do not usually reproduce
sexually
The male cones are much
smaller and less obvious, produce pollen
pistil
the female part of a flower
