Quiz 3: CELL DIVISION AND REPRODUCTION

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archegonium

An organ in lower vascular plants, gymnosperms, mosses, and liverworts which produces an egg cell.

antheridium

An organ in simpler plants that produces sperm cells.

gametangium

An organ of lower plants, some protists and some fungi that produces gametes.

gymnosperm

Cone-bearing plant. Often called evergreen.

oogamous

Having gametes of different size and shape. Usually oogamous organisms have eggs and sperm.

each of the cells involved in fertilization

is haploid

Only the same basic _______ can interbreed successfully

kinds

oogamy

large egg cells and smaller sperm cells (oogamous)

Flowering plants most often have

male and female parts in the same flower

Genetic variability

most important result of sexual reproduction

In order for evolution to occur

new genetic information (genes) must be supplied

gonads

organs that produce gametes (sex cells)

ovary

A gonad that produces eggs

testis

A gonad that produces sperm

egg

A large gamete with stored food.

cone

A reproductive organ of gymnosperms having a central axis with radiate scales and bracts. A cone can either produce pollen or ovules.

sperm

A small, flagellated male gamete that swims to the egg to fertilize it.

motile

Capable of independent movement.

immotile

Incapable of independent movement.

anisogamy

The condition of having anisogametes.

anisogamete

The condition of having gametes similar in shape, but different in size.

ovum

The egg cell; a female gamete.

ovary

The female gonad in animals. It produces eggs. Also, in plants it is the lower portion of the pistil that contains ovules and develops into fruit.

testis

The male gonad in animals. It produces sperm.

stamen

The male organ of plants. It produces pollen.

anther

The part of the stamen of a flower that bears the pollen.

zygote

The result of fertilization in which two gametes have fused together. Often simply called a fertilized egg.

environment

The surroundings of an organism.

flagellum

a long, slender, threadlike structure which projects outward from a cell

Pollen is produced in part of the stamen called

anther

Sperm are produced in

antheridia

Eggs are produced in organs called

archegonia (archegonium)

Conjugation is directly opposite to

binary fission

Cone bearing plants are classified as

gymnosperms

All the gametes of isogamous organisms are genetically

identical

each individual is unique, the only exception is

identical twins

two types of gametes

immotile, stored food and chromosomes - egg (ovum) mobile, flagellum at tip and chromosomes - sperm

duplicated chromosomes RECOMBINE

into four haploid sets

The human gametes are

oogamous

conjugation

the act of fertilization involves the transfer of genetic information into one cell

Sexual reproduction is the only means of reproduction in

the higher animals

The number of possible chromosomal combinations of each new individual produced by fertilization is equal to

the square of the possible chromosomal combinations of each gamete

Fertilization occurs when

two gametes come together and the chromosomes combine

zygote

A fertilized egg cell

gonad

Gamete producing organs in animals

isogamete

Gametes that are the same in size and shape.

isogametes are

Gametes the same in size and shape

flagellum

Long, whip-like structure extending from a cell used for locomotion.

gametangia

Lower plant gametes produce gametes that are isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous

yolk

Stored food material in the eggs of many animals.

oogamy

The condition of being oogamous.

isogamy

condition of having isogametes

The familiar pine cone is a

female, produce eggs in archegonia

Angiosperms (flowering plants) produce their gametes in

flowers (sperm is found in a grain of pollen)

Sexual reproduction advantage to seed plants

free of certain diseases

anisogametes

gametes that are similar in shape and form, but are not the same SIZE

Variation results from

genetic mechanisms which yield numerous combinations of pre-existing genes inherited from ancestors

gametes used in sexual reproduction

genetically vary (bc of meiosis) and differ from parent cells

protozoans and algae do not usually reproduce

sexually

The male cones are much

smaller and less obvious, produce pollen

pistil

the female part of a flower


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