Quiz #4 Skin Cancers
What is Mohs' micrographic surgery?
1. The procedure removes the tumor layer by layer 2. is the recommended tissue-sparing procedure, with extremely high cure rates for both BCC and SCC. 3. It is the treatment of choice and the most effective for tumors around the eyes, nose, upper lip, and auricular and periauricular areas
What is cryosurgery?
1. destroys the tumor by deep-freezing the tissue
What is electrosurger?
1. is the destruction or removal of tissue by electrical energy 2. may be preceded by curettage (excising the skin tumor by scraping its surface with a curette) 3. is useful for lesions smaller than 1 to 2 cm (0.4 to 0.8 in) in diameter.
What is immunosuppression Kaposi's sarcoma?
1. occurs in transplant recipients and people with AIDS. This form of KS is characterized by local skin lesions and disseminated visceral and mucocutaneous diseases. 2. characterized by local skin lesions- aggressive tumor that involves multiple body organs
What is excisional biopsy?
A larger and deeper specimen is obtained and suturing is required
What is a Punch biopsy?
A small plug of tissue approximately 2 to 6 mm is removed with or without sutures to close the site
How does squamous cell carcinoma metastasize?
By the blood or lymphatic system
What is nodular melanoma?
Dark blue-black, invades directly into adjacent dermis and therefore has a poorer prognosis. This may look like a blood blister that has failed to heal
What can squamous cell carcinoma develop from?
Precancerous conditions like actinic keratosis (lesions occurring in sun-exposed areas on the skin)
What does Kaposi's sarcoma look like?
Reddish-purple to dark-blue macules, plaques, or nodules
What is a Shave biopsy?
Removal of only the part of the lesion that is raised above the surrounding tissue using a scalpel or razor blade with no suturing
How does squamous cell carcinoma appear?
Rough, thickened, scaly tumor that may be asymptomatic or involve bleeding
Where does squamous cell carcinoma arise from?
Skin and mucous membranes, pre-existing skin lesions
What does Basal cell Carcinoma look like?
Small, waxy nodule with rolled, translucent, pearly borders Might also look like flat grey or yellow plaques
TRUE OR FALSE: Melanomas occasionally appear simultaneously with cancer of other organs.
TRUE
How do you surgically remove malignant melanoma?
Wide excision involves cutting out areas of abnormal tissue with a wide margin to ensure that only healthy tissue is left behind. If excision is not performed with wide margins around the area of visually abnormal tissue, some of the disease may inadvertently be left behind.
What is Endemic (African) Kaposi's sarcoma?
eastern half of Africa near the equator. - may infiltrate and progress to lymphadenopathic forms.
What is Acral-Lentiginous Melanoma
occurs in areas not excessively exposed to sunlight and where hair follicles are absent. It is found on the palms of the hands, on the soles, in the nail beds, and in the mucous membranes of people who are dark-skinned.
What is Kaposi's sarcoma?
1. Malignancy of endothelial cells that line the small blood vessels. 2. KS is manifested clinically by lesions of the skin, oral cavity, GI tract, and lungs
How does the borders of squamous cell carcinoma look?
1. May be wider, more infiltrated, and more inflammatory than that of a basal cell carcinoma lesion
Name the six benign skin "spots"
1. Cysts 2. Seborrheic and Actinic Keratoses 3. Warts 4. Angiomas 5. Moles 6. Keloids
Name five risks to skin cancer
1. Fair skin 2. Sun exposure 3. Scars from severe burns 4. Immunosuppression 5. Genetics
What is the most common type of skin cancer?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
What are melanomas?
Cancerous neoplasms in which atypical melanocytes are present in the epidermis and the dermis (sometimes the subcutaneous cells)
What is lentigo melanoma?
Malignant melanoma that is slowly evolving, flat, irregular edges and changes color
What is Classic Kaposi's sarcoma?
Mediterranean or Jewish ancestry between 40 and 70 years of age. nodules on the lower extremities that rarely metastasize beyond this area. relatively benign, and rarely fatal.
Which cancer type is the most lethal of all skin cancers and is responsible for about 3 % of all cancer deaths?
Melanoma - metastatic melanoma rarely has good outcomes
How do you remove squamous cell carcinoma?
Mohs' micrographic surgery removes the tumor layer by layer Cryo Electro-surgical
How do you surgically remove basal cell carcinoma?
Mohs' micrographic surgery removes the tumor layer by layer Cryo Electro-surgical
Does Basal Cell carcinoma metastasize?
No, it rarely metastasizes.