Quiz 6a

Approximately what percentage of the world's population lives near the ocean? Question options: 33% 25% 40% 70%

40%

Which of the following would not be found along a tectonically active shoreline? Question options: Sea stacks Terraces Barrier islands Cliffs

Barrier islands

Brine water results from: Question options: The influx of river water into the ocean Stagnation of water in a floodplain swamp High evapotranspiration rates Heavy rainfall and low temperatures

High evapotranspiration rates

Brackish water would most likely occur: Question options: In the subtropics In the Mediterranean region In a tropical lagoon In a deltaic swamp

In a deltaic swamp

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the littoral zone? Question options: It spans both land and water. Landward, it extends to the highest waterline reached on shore during a storm. In general usage, it only includes the foreshore area of coastal environments. Seaward it extends to where water is too deep for storm waves to move sediments.

In general usage, it only includes the foreshore area of coastal environments.

When the height of a wave exceeds its vertical stability, the wave is called a Question options: rip current. wave of transition. breaker. tidal wave.

breaker.

Areas with heavy freshwater runoff and low evaporation will have ________ average salinity. Question options: higher than lower than approximately the

lower than

In deep water, a wave is not really migrating but is transferring energy through the water in simple cyclic undulations. These are called Question options: waves of translation. swells. waves of transition. tidal waves.

waves of transition.

From inland to the ocean, which sequence of zones is correct? Question options: Nearshore, backshore, coast Beach, surfzone, coast Coast, backshore, foreshore, nearshore Ocean, beach, cliffs

Coast, backshore, foreshore, nearshore

Although many elements are dissolved in seawater, no gases are dissolved in it. Question options: True False

False

Which of the following is correct regarding worldwide sea level? Question options: Over the long term, levels have been very constant Changes in sea level are usually unrelated to tectonic processes Changes seem to occur without any relation to global average temperatures It was about 130m (430ft) lower 18,000 years ago, and about 10-20cm lower ~100 years ago.

It was about 130m (430ft) lower 18,000 years ago, and about 10-20cm lower ~100 years ago.

When the Sun, Earth and Moon are in conjunction, the arrangement of these three celestial bodies forms a ________and it results in the ________tidal range. Question options: Line; smallest Line; largest Right angle; smallest Right angle; largest

Line; largest

A general term for the coastal environment is: Question options: Shoreline Coast Coastline Littoral zone

Littoral zone

When people go swimming along a coast, they often find themselves, after a while, down the coast from where they first entered the water. They moved downshore because of: Question options: Tsunamis Beach drift Longshore currents Tidal currents

Longshore currents

About 2 percent of the oceanic mass is made of the: Question options: Deep cold zone that is near freezing Thermocline transition zone Mixing zone where solutes and temperatures blend quickly Bottom-most layers of ocean basins that are surprisingly warmer than surface layers

Mixing zone where solutes and temperatures blend quickly

Which of the following is true of the Earth's coastlines? Question options: Most of the Earth's coastlines are relatively young and undergoing continuous change. The Earth's coastlines are among the oldest landforms on the planet. There are few inputs that directly affect the Earth's coastlines beyond tidal action. The Earth's coastline show a remarkable degree of similarity across the planet.

Most of the Earth's coastlines are relatively young and undergoing continuous change.

Within the deep cold zone, average temperature and salinity Question options: decrease with depth. increase with depth. remain fairly constant with depth. decrease within the mixing zone, but increase the thermocline.

Remain fairly constant with depth.

Which of the following is correct regarding the chemical content of Earth's oceans? Question options: Salinity varies all over the world, and the ratio of individual salts to each other changes Salinity varies all over the world, but the ratio of individual salts to each other does not change Salinity does not vary all over the world, but the ratio of individual salts to each other does not change as well Salinity does not vary all over the world, but the ratio of individual salts to each other changes

Salinity varies all over the world, but the ratio of individual salts to each other does not change

What is the difference between an ocean and a sea? Question options: The term sea is used to describe the global, interconnected water body covering 70% of the Earth's surface, whereas oceans refer to the individual basins within this global sea. An ocean is a vast body of water encompassing 70% of the Earth, whereas a sea refers specifically to a large, inland, saline body of water. Seas are generally smaller than an ocean and tend to be associated with land masses, whether partially enclosed by land or large, inland, saline water bodies. There is no difference, just a different term for the same physical feature.

Seas are generally smaller than an ocean and tend to be associated with land masses, whether partially enclosed by land or large, inland, saline water bodies.

Which of the following is true about seawater? Question options: Seawater is pure water (H20). Seawater is a solution. The chemical composition of seawater has great spatial variability. The salinity of seawater is negligible.

Seawater is a solution.

Which of the following is correct regarding waves that travel in wave trains? Question options: They are produced by storm centers and generating regions far distant from the shore where they may break. They usually form relatively close to the affected coastline. They experience refraction by the deep seafloor. They are called breakers as they travel in the open sea

They are produced by storm centers and generating regions far distant from the shore where they may break.

Which of the following is not correct regarding tides? Question options: The Moon's gravitational pull on Earth is greater than that of the Sun's Inertia produces a bulge on the side of Earth opposite that of the Moon Tidal bulges rotate with Earth; i.e., they move with the landmasses as Earth rotates The tidal bulge located on the side of Earth opposite that of the Moon results from the fact that it is "left in position" while the water on the side facing the Moon is drawn toward the Moon Most places on Earth experience two high tides and two low tides each day

Tidal bulges rotate with Earth; i.e., they move with the landmasses as Earth rotates

Determining mean sea level requires measurement of tidal levels hourly for at least a period of several years. Question options: True False

True

The salinity of seawater averages 3.5 percent, or 35 parts per thousand. Question options: True False

True

When the Sun and Moon are neither in conjunction or opposition, the ________ occurs and results in the ________ tidal range between low and high tides. Question options: spring tides; lowest spring tides; greatest neap tides; lowest neap tides; greatest

spring tides; greatest