Quiz 8 Bleeding, soft tissue injury

Hemostasis is a natural response of the body in which:

bleeding spontaneously clots through vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation

The mouth, nose, and other body orifices are lined with ___________________, which secrete a watery substance and provide a protective barrier against harmful agents.

mucus membranes

During times of decreased perfusion, the autonomic nervous system:

redirects blood to the most vital organs of the body.

All patients with closed soft-tissue injuries should be assessed for:

serious hidden injuries

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?

Destruction of sebum

When assessing a 70-year-old male with suspected internal bleeding, which of the following findings would be MOST pertinent?

Dizziness or syncope upon standing

Which of the following is the MOST acute and serious complication associated with a break in the integrity of the skin?

Loss of fluids

Appropriate management for a patient with a serious closed injury and signs of shock includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

15" to 20" elevation of the lower extremities.

Which of the following patients would benefit MOST from the application and inflation of the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG)?

Unstable pelvis with a BP of 80/50 mm Hg

Significant vital signs changes, including increased heart and respiratory rates and a decreasing blood pressure, would likely occur if an 80-kg adult patient acutely loses as little as _____ L of blood.

1

When administering IV crystalloid boluses to a patient with an electrical injury, you should give enough fluid to maintain a urine output of:

1 mL/kg per hour.

A 60-year-old male has sustained partial- and full-thickness burns to his anterior chest, head, and both anterior arms. On the basis of the "Rule of Nines," what percentage of his body surface area (BSA) has been burned?

. 36%

A 4-year-old boy pulled a pot of boiling water from the stovetop. He has superficial and partial-thickness burns to his head, left anterior trunk, and entire left arm. On the basis of the "rule of nines," what percentage of this child's body surface area (BSA) has been burned?

30%

Which of the following medications would interfere with the body's hemostatic effect?

Anticoagulants

Why does the skin become flushed or red when a person is exposed to a hot environment?

Blood vessels dilate and heat radiates to the skin surface.

Which of the following physiologic responses occurs initially following a burn injury?

Vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow to the burned area

Which of the following factors has the MOST significant impact on determining the severity of a burn?

Depth and extent of the burn

Which of the following injuries presents the greatest risk for severe internal bleeding?

Pelvic fractures

Which of the following organs or systems can survive the longest without oxygen?

Skeletal muscles

When assessing a conscious patient who experienced an electrical injury, you note irregularity in his pulse. This is MOST indicative of:

a cardiac dysrhythmia.

You should be MOST suspicious for serious bleeding when:

a patient has a poor general appearance

A 22-year-old female was involved in a traumatic incident. She is exhibiting signs of shock, but there are no obvious external signs of trauma. You should suspect bleeding within the:

abdominal cavity.

A 22-year-old male has sustained full-thickness burns to approximately 55% of his BSA. You are appropriately managing his airway and are administering 100% oxygen. You note that the patient's heart rate is 140 beats/min and thready and his blood pressure is 78/58 mm Hg. You should:

administer 20 mL/kg crystalloid boluses to maintain perfusion.

You are assessing a 4-year-old male who was electrocuted when he stuck a pin into an electrical socket. He is conscious and alert and complains of pain to his left hand, where you find a small entrance wound. When treating this child, you should:

anticipate extensive internal injuries.

You are dispatched to a local nightclub for a patient who has been stabbed. After arriving at the scene and ensuring you and your partner's safety, you find the patient sitting on the ground. He is conscious, screaming in pain, and attempting to control bright red blood that is spurting from his groin area. After taking standard precautions, you should:

apply direct pressure to control the bleeding.

You and your partner are caring for a 30-year-old female who sustained extensive partial- and full-thickness burns when she was near a gas heater that exploded. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is semiconscious with profoundly labored and stridorous respirations. Immediate management of this patient should include:

assisting her breathing with a bag-mask device and oxygen

When caring for a patient with multiple abrasions, you should:

be alert for underlying injuries.

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as:

circulation of blood within an organ or tissue.

You are caring for a 59-year-old male involved in a motor-vehicle crash. During your assessment, you note that his pelvis is unstable, he is pale and diaphoretic, and his blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg. Use of the pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) would be absolutely contraindicated if further assessment of this patient revealed:

coarse crackles in the lungs

When a person is exposed to cold temperatures, blood vessels in the skin:

constrict and divert blood away from the skin

During Stage 1 hemorrhage, the body compensates primarily by:

constriction of the vascular bed.

Priority treatment for a patient with an open soft-tissue injury includes:

control of active bleeding

A 34-year-old male was involved in a motor-vehicle crash. During the crash, his vehicle caught fire. Bystanders removed the patient from his vehicle prior to your arrival. The patient is conscious with adequate breathing. He has partial-thickness burns to his face and neck, and an open femur fracture with severe bleeding. Immediate management for this patient should include:

controlling the bleeding from his leg.

During your assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note the presence of ecchymosis to the area of impact. This finding is MOST characteristic of a/an:

contusion.

A 59-year-old male has a partial amputation of his left arm, just proximal to the elbow. Bleeding has been controlled and you note that the arm is attached by only a few strands of tissue. You should

cover the arm with a bulky dressing and carefully splint it.

The layer of the skin that plays a key role in the cooling of the body is the:

dermis.

Upon arriving at the scene of a motorcycle crash, you find the patient, a young male, lying supine approximately 10 feet from his bike. An emergency medical responder is manually stabilizing the patient's head. You note an obvious open injury to the patient's left lower leg with severe bleeding. Your MOST appropriate initial action should be to:

direct your partner to control the bleeding as you assess the patient's airway.

Small muscles within the dermis that pull the hair into an erect position when you are cold or frightened are called the:

erector pili

A 20-year-old male was shot multiple times during a drive-by shooting. You arrive at the scene, which has been secured by law enforcement, and approach the patient. He is semiconscious and is bleeding heavily from the chest. You should:

follow proper standard precautions

Prior to applying a tourniquet to a profusely bleeding injury, you should take standard precautions and then:

hold direct pressure over the bleeding site.

In contrast to upper-airway injury following a burn, lower-airway injury is usually the result of:

inhalation of chemicals and particulate matter.

The "rule of palms" for estimating the extent of the body surface area (BSA) burned is especially useful with:

irregularly-shaped burns

An industrial-plant worker was splashed in the left eye with a strong acid chemical. The MOST appropriate initial care for this patient's injury is to:

irrigate the eye laterally, away from the unaffected eye.

During an explosion, a metal worker sustained a large laceration to the left side of his neck by flying debris. He is conscious, but restless; the wound is moderately bleeding. Appropriate care for this patient's injury includes:

preventing air from entering the wound and applying a pressure dressing

When managing a critically-burned patient, it is important to:

rapidly estimate the burn's severity and then cover with dry, sterile dressings

The ability of a person to effectively compensate for acute blood loss is MOST directly related to the:

rate of blood loss

You are dispatched to the scene of a shooting. Upon arrival, you are directed by law enforcement to the patient, a 44-year-old male, who is unconscious. He is lying in an impressive pool of blood and you can hear gurgling from his mouth when he breathes. After your partner assumes C-spine control and opens the patient's airway, you should:

suction the patient's oropharynx.

A thermal burn involving the epidermis that is characterized by redness and pain is classified as a:

superficial burn

In order for electricity to flow through the body and cause injury:

there must be a complete circuit between the electrical source and the ground

Compartment syndrome is caused by:

tissue compression and damage due to fluid trapped in a confined space

High-voltage burn injuries occur MOST frequently in:

utility workers.

All of the following signs are indicative of upper airway burns due to an inhalation injury, EXCEPT:

wheezing or rhonchi.