Quiz answers
Use the experiment described below to answer questions 12-15. A group of students hypothesizes that the percentage change in the volume of potato tuber cylinders depends on the molarity (M) of the sucrose solution the potatoes are incubated in. They incubate potato tuber cylinders in sucrose solutions of 0.0 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M, 0.5 M, and 0.6 M in beakers containing 100 ml of each solution for 2 hours and measure the percentage change in volume of the cylinders. a. independent variable b. dependent variable c. standardized variable d. control treatment group The volume of sucrose, which is equal in each level of treatment solution (100 ml for each molarity), is the The sucrose solutions of 0.0 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M, 0.5 M, and 0.6 M are the levels of treatment of the The percentage change in volume of potato tuber cylinders is the
standardized independent dependent
Before weighing a sample in a plastic weighing "boat," you must first set the balance to compensate for the weight of the boat before weighing the sample. This is called __________ the balance.
taring or tare
What is the volume of liquid measured in the graduated cylinder image below?
24 mL
If the sequence of nucleotides of a gene in the sense strand of a DNA molecule is TACCATGAGGACACT, what is the mRNA sequence and then the resulting strand of amino acids in the polypeptide that will result from the transcription and translation of the gene? (2 points possible).
AUGGUACUCCUGUGA
Give a specific example of "active transport" across a plasma membrane and describe how it works.
Active transport moves things from from a lower concentration to higher concentration by a movement of molecules across a membrane. an example is endocytosis. its a process where cells can take in large particles and put them into the cell.it does require energy
Examine the image provided. Is this cell a plant cell or an animal cell? Why?
These are plant cells with rigid cell walls
Through artificial selection, humans bred dogs from wolf ancestors. Describe what type of selective pattern this represents and why? Do not write artificial selection!
Wolf ancestors have evolved to dogs by the main category of genes, specifically the candidate domestication regions. This answers the question on what type of selection is demonstrated through the wolf ancestors and its directional selection. The focus was to select behaviors and make small changes at the genome level for great effects in the organism as a whole
A __________ is a statement of a scientist's educated guess at the answer to a scientific question. Select one: a. hypothesis b. theory c. conclusion d. variable e. prediction
a
A solution is a liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. The dissolving agent is called the ___________ and the substance that is dissolved is the ________. Water commonly acts as a solvent for _________ compounds. Select one: a. solvent, solute, ionic b. solution, solvent, solute c. solvent, solute, nonpolar d. solute, solvent, covalent e. solute, solvent, ionic
a
All the offspring of a white hen and a black rooster are gray. The simplest explanation for this pattern of blended appearance is Select one: a. incomplete dominance b. simple dominant/recessive inheritance c. sex chromosome linkage d. pleiotropy e. multiple alleles
a
Crossing over occurs during: Select one: a. prophase 1 b. metaphase 1 c. prophase 2 d. metaphase 2 e. interphase
a
Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of Select one: a. ATP synthesis would decrease b. ATP synthesis would not change c. the production of proteins would increase d. ATP synthesis would increase
a
During the "S" phase of interphase, what is the cell doing? Select one: a. synthesizing DNA b. general cell metabolism c. chromosomes separate d. resting e. making a spindle
a
Examine the image. The cell highlighted by the circle is in: Select one: a. metaphase b. telophase c. anaphase d. prophase e. interphase
a
Figure 1 is an autorad used as evidence for two actual paternity cases. Each case consists of DNA from the mother, the child, the alleged father and a mixture of DNA from the child and the alleged father. Which of the following cases does not include the alleged father? (For which case is the father not the father of the child?) Choose all that apply. Select one or more: a. case 1 b. case 2 c. Both case 1 and case 2. d. Neither case 1 or case 2.
a
Having freckles (F) is dominant to having no freckles (f). A man who has freckles and a woman who has no freckles have a child who has no freckles. What is the genotype of the father? Select one: a. Ff b. FF c. ff d. f e. F
a
If the calcium concentration inside a cell is 0.3% and the concentration in the surrounding fluid is 0.8%, through what process would the cell increase the amount of calcium inside the cell? Select one: a. diffusion b. all of these choices c. osmosis d. active transport e. exocystosis
a
In Figure 3, the cells in the photograph labeled "b" are in an isotonic solution. Which solution would the cells in the photograph labeled "c" be in?
a
In _____________, the order of bases in the mRNA molecule is decoded into the specific order of amino acids in a protein. In _________, information is moved from DNA to mRNA. Select one: a. translation; transcription b. DNA replication; translation c. transcription; translation d. transcription; DNA replication e. DNA replication; transcription
a
In an aqueous solution composed of water and glucose, the water is the: Select one: a. solvent b. solute
a
In its uncoiled, or decondensed state, the mass of DNA and protein is called: Select one: a. chromatin b. chiasmata c. chromatids d. chromosomes e. centrioles
a
In the Figure 1 below, "Population Size" is the __________ variable. Select one: a. dependent b. independent
a
Microorganisms such as bacteria can evolve rapidly because Select one: a. they multiply so rapidly. b. most of their mutations are helpful, rather than harmful. c. they are so small in size. d. their populations reproduce slowly.
a
Objects appear inverted (flipped upside down) when viewed with a __________ microscope. Select one: a. compound b. dissecting (stereoscopic)
a
Some elements are only required in our bodies in small quantities, thus they are called Select one: a. trace elements b. native elements c. electron shells d. minimal neutrons e. minor elements
a
The flow of information in a cell proceeds Select one: a. from DNA to RNA to protein b. from protein to RNA to DNA c. from RNA to DNA to protein d. from DNA to protein to RNA
a
The function of ATP is Select one: a. to shuttle chemical energy within the cell b. absorb heat energy c. to transport hydrogen ions d. to convert heat energy to chemical energy
a
The pedigree chart below shows the inheritance pattern for a genetic disorder that is most likely Select one: a. autosomal recessive b. Y-linked recessive c. no pattern evident d. autosomal dominant e. X-linked dominant
a
The polymers of protein, triglycerides, and polysaccharides are formed from which chemical reaction. Select one: a. dehydration synthesis b. hydration reaction c. hydrogen bonding d. none of the choices are correct e. hydrolysis reaction
a
The ultimate source of all new genetic variation is Select one: a. mutations b. natural selection c. migration of organisms d. sexual recombination
a
Theory of evolution states that Select one: a. the best adapted individuals survive and reproduce, contributing the most genes to the next generation b. random assortment of genes results in better characteristics in following generations c. all individuals live to reproduce in each generation d. only the smallest and weakest survive e. individuals that mutate in response to their environment will survive
a
There is a gene in humans that codes for astigmatism. The dominant allele A results in astigmatism, and the recessive allele a results in normal vision. Which of the following is the genotype of an individual that is heterozygous for this condition? Select one: a. Aa b. aa c. AA d. A e. a
a
To enter or leave a cell, substances must pass through Select one: a. the plasma membrane b. a microtubule c. the nucleus d. the Golgi apparatus e. a ribosome
a
What reagent or method is used to identify simple sugars? Select one: a. Benedicts b. Iodine c. Paper d. Biuret
a
What type of allele produces its effect only in homozygous individuals? Select one: a. recessive b. haploid c. diploid d. dominant e. incompletely dominant
a
When the cells in the following diagram undergo cytokinesis, they would do so by formation of a _______________. Select one: a. cleavage furrow b. cell plate
a
Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? Select one: a. Ribosome....manufacture of proteins b. Golgi apparatus.....house genetic information c. Lysosome....movement d. Mitochondrion....manufacture lipids e. Nucleus....cellular respiration
a
Which of the following human genetic disorders is sex linked and recessive? Select one: a. hemophilia b. sickle-cell disease c. none of the above d. PKU e. cystic fibrosis
a
You are observing a cheek cell with a compound light microscope. The eyepiece(s) of the microscope have a magnification of 10X, and the objective lens you are using has a magnification of 40X. The total magnification of the check cell is: Select one: a. 400X b. 20X c. 1000X d. 100X e. 40X
a
__________ means that when an image is focused with one objective, it will also be almost in focus as you move to higher magnified objectives. Select one: a. Parfocal b. Field of view c. Working position d. Depth of focus e. Resolution
a
Mutations that occur in the DNA can Select one or more: a. harm the organism b. benefit the organism c. be neutral, not harm or benefit the organism d. never occur in animals
a b c
Which of the following leads to genetic variability? Choose all that apply. Select one or more: a. random mutations b. fertilization of egg by sperm c. division of chromosomes during mitosis d. crossing over during meiosis
a b d
Cystic Fibrosis is an inherited genetic disorder that affects approximately 30,000 children and young adults in the U.S. This disorder is autosomal recessive and is typically the result of a. all of these b. not enough sleep c. a mutation in the DNA sequence that surrounds the CF gene d. too much salt consumed in the diet e. a mutation that results in an incorrect DNA sequence in the CF gene
a mutation that results in an incorrect DNA sequence in the CF gene
Evidence which supports the theory of evolution is found in the studies of a. fossils b. embryos c. molecular d. biogeography e. all of the above
all of the above
Broccoli and cabbage, like many of our fruits and vegetable, have been bred from a single ancestral plant, the wild mustard, and can still interbreed. The existence of these two vegetables is an example of: a. artificial selection b. genetic drift c. natural selection d. speciation e. inheritance of acquired characteristics
artificial selection
A girl of blood type O is born to a woman of blood type A. The father could have any of the following blood types except: Select one: a. A b. AB c. none of these d. 0 e. B
b
A group of students design an experiment to determine the selective permeability of dialysis tubing to starch and Iodine potassium iodide (I2KI). They construct a dialysis bag with dialysis tubing, put I2KI solution inside the bag, and place the bag in a beaker of starch solution. After 30 minutes they remove the bag from the beaker. All of their data are recorded in the table below. The results of the experiment indicate that dialysis tubing is permeable to: Select one: a. neither starch nor Iodine potassium iodide (I2KI) b. Iodine potassium iodide (I2KI) c. starch d. both starch and Iodine potassium iodide (I2KI).
b
According to the Law of Segregation Select one: a. the sex chromosomes of males and females differ b. pairs of alleles separate during the formation of gametes c. there is an independent assortment of non-homologous chromosomes during meiosis d. each individual carries a single copy of each allele e. pairs of alleles fuse during the formation of gametes
b
An emergency room intern, Dr. Jim W. Dooley, treated a patient by administering fluids intravenously. The patient died because Dr. Dooley used hypotonic instead of isotonic IV fluid. Tori, an ER volunteer and amateur botanist, was shocked by the death of Dr. Dooley's patient, and the next time she watered her flower garden she wondered why applying a pure water does not kill her plants, but makes them thrive. Dr. Dooley's patient died when administered hypotenic IV fluid but Tori's plants do not die and actually thrive when watered with pure water because plant cells have a: Select one: a. plasma membrane b. cell wall c. chloroplast d. nucleus
b
Animals store glucose in what form? Select one: a. starch b. glycogen c. cellulose d. sucrose
b
Examine the Petri dish in the image, which shows the results of an antibiotic sensitivity test. Which antibiotic would be the least effective against this bacterium? a. antibiotic D b. antibiotic B c. antibiotic A d. antibiotic C
b
Examine the cell in the image. This plant cell is in a(n) __________ solution. Select one: a. hypotonic b. hypertonic c. isotonic
b
If a diploid (2n) onion root tip cell with 16 chromosomes divides by mitosis, the result will be _____ daughter cells with _____ chromosomes in each. Select one: a. 2; 8 b. 2; 16 c. 4; 16 d. 4; 8
b
If there are 12 chromosomes in the skin of a toad skin cell, a toad sperm cell would contain ______chromosomes. Select one: a. 48 b. 6 c. 12 d. 24 e. 60
b
If you cross pea plants that are heterozygous for purple flowers and yellow seeds (PpEe) and you examine 100 offspring, about how many do you expect to have the recessive white flowers and green seeds? Select one: a. 121 offspring b. 7 offspring c. 49 offspring d. 77 offspring e. 28 offspring
b
In Labrador retrievers, the dominant allele B codes for black coat color and the recessive allele b codes for chocolate coat color. What is the genotype of a Labrador retriever that has black coat color? Select one: a. BB b. BB or Bb c. Bb d. bb e. XbY
b
In the Natural Selection in Humans video, what gene is affected in the making of RBCs which causes sickle cell disease? Select one: a. enzyme b. hemoglobin c. none of these d. membrane e. nuclear
b
Ligase enzymes are used in creating recombinant DNA by Select one: a. editing the proteins b. binding together the strands of DNA c. cutting the DNA at specific sites d. binding the RNA fragments together e. stopping transcription
b
Most prokaryotic cells are larger than a typical eukaryotic cell. Select one: a. true b. false
b
On the pH scale, a pH of 1 has ___________ compared to a pH of 3. Select one: a. a 100x decrease in OH- b. a 100x increase in H+ c. a 20x decrease in H+ d. a 100x decrease in H+ e. a 20x increase in H+
b
Osmosis is the diffusion of __________ through a selectively permeable membrane from a region where it is highly concentrated to a region where its concentration is lower. Select one: a. starch b. water c. glucose d. salt e. iodine potassium iodide (I2KI)
b
Red-green color blindness is sex-linked (X-linked) recessive in humans. If a color-blind man marries a woman who has normal vision but whose mother was color blind, could they have a son with normal vision? Select one: a. no b. yes
b
The "RBC ghost" in the photograph labeled "a" in Figure 3 shows the cell membrane that remains after a red blood cell swells and its membrane bursts, releasing hemoglobin. This "RBC ghost" is the result of which solution? Select one: a. crenation b. lysis c. plasymosysis
b
The "building blocks" of nucleic acid molecules are called Select one: a. amino acids b. nucleotides c. polynucleotides d. DNA and RNA e. fatty acids and glycerol
b
The atomic nucleus of an element is composed of Select one: a. positively charged protons and negatively charged neutrons b. positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons c. neutrally charged protons and negatively charged neutrons d. negatively charged protons and positively charged neutrons e. positively charge neutrons and negatively charged electrons
b
The bonds between complementary bases in a DNA molecule are __________ bonds. Select one: a. ionic b. hydrogen c. covalent d. superglue
b
The cell labeled "a" in Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a cell in a(n) __________ solution. Figure 1. Select one: a. isotonic b. hypertonic c. hypotonic
b
The daughter cells of binary fission are Select one: a. chromosomally different b. genetically identical c. not genetically identical to parent cell d. structurally different
b
The maximum size of a cell is limited by Select one: a. the number of organelles that can be packed inside. b. its need for enough surface area for exchange with its environment. c. the amount of flexibility it needs to be able to move. d. the materials needed to build it. e. the amount of food it needs to survive.
b
The mechanical energy of a river flowing downhill can be converted to mechanical energy by turning turbines, which in turn, converts the energy into electrical energy. You consume electrical energy by converting it to heat energy in your furnace and light energy in your light bulbs. The amount of energy is always the same. This is an example of Select one: a. the second law of thermodynamics b. the first law of thermodynamics c. the gradual destruction of energy in the conversion process d. the law of relativity
b
The nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus all have what characteristic in common? Select one: a. genetic information b. membrane c. lysosome d. ribosome e. vacuole
b
The process of dehydration synthesis includes Select one: a. making water and breaking bonds b. making water and making bonds c. breaking water and breaking bonds d. breaking water and making bonds e. stealing water and James Bond
b
The random (not directional) movement of single carmine powder particles in a drop of water is an example of: Select one: a. diffusion b. Brownian movement c. osmosis
b
The sequence of organelles used during protein synthesis is Select one: a. ribosomes, smooth ER, Golgi apparatus b. nucleus, ribosome, Golgi apparatus c. nucleus, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes d. peroxisomes, smooth ER, rough ER e. Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, peroxisomes
b
The sucrose solutions of 0.0 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M, 0.5 M, and 0.6 M are an example of __________ data. Select one: a. discrete b. continuous
b
The transfer of particles across a membrane without the use of energy Select one: a. is called passive transport b. all of the above choices c. is a form of diffusion d. requires a concentration gradient
b
What is the first step in completing the scientific method? Select one: a. experimentation b. observation and question c. conclusion d. hypothesis e. analysis
b
When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein Select one: a. the bacterial chromosome is genetically engineered and the plasmid is used to help the bacteria replicate b. the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid and the plasmid is returned to the bacteria by transformation c. the plasmids are inserted into the bacterial chromosome d. the bacterial chromosome and plasmid are inserted into the chromosome of a human e. the plasmids multiply and produce the protein outside of the bacteria
b
When you are using a compound light microscope, in what direction does the letter "e" appear to move when you move the slide to the right? Select one: a. moves to the right b. moves to the left
b
Which of the following could not be broken down into its component subunits by hydrolysis? Select one: a. a polysaccharide b. a monosaccharide c. a disaccharide d. a lipid e. a protein
b
Which of the following is NOT a feature common to ALL life forms on earth? Select one: a. can carry out metabolism b. the cells have a nucleus c. contains genetic information d. consists of cells enclosed by a membrane that maintains internal conditions e. all of the above features are common to all life on earth
b
You set up the experimental apparatus in Figure 2 to measure the osmotic pressure of the solution on the right side of the selectively permeable membrane. There is pure water on the left side of the membrane and solute molecules dissolved in water on the right side of the membrane. The membrane is permeable to water molecules but not to solute molecules. Your prediction should be that after 24 hours the piston will have moved __________ from its initial (starting) position. Select one: a. down b. up
b
You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to Select one: a. store large quantities of food b. secrete a lot of material c. move actively (locomotion) d. make a lot of waste
b
Chromosomes begin to coil and condense, a spindle begins to form between the centrioles, and nucleoli begin to disappear during which phase(s) of meiosis? Choose all that are correct. Select one or more: a. metaphase b. prophase 2 c. prophase 1 d. prophase e. metaphase 1
b c
DNA and RNA differ in that _________. Choose all that apply. Select one or more: a. DNA has uracil while RNA has thymine b. DNA has deoxyribose while RNA has ribose c. DNA has thymine while RNA has uracil d. DNA has ribose while RNA has glucose e. DNA has ribose while RNA has deoxyribose
b c
Molecules that are neutral overall but have a partial negative charge and a partial positive charge ________. (Choose all that apply) Select one or more: a. can form covalent bonds b. can form hydrogen bonds c. are nonpolar molecules d. are polar molecules e. are typical of water molecules
b d e
A hydroxyl group is Select one: a. hydrophobic b. characteristic of proteins c. consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom d. contains phosphorus surrounded by oxygen e. also called an amino group
c
A molecule that has the same shape as the substrate of an enzyme would tend to Select one: a. speed metabolism by guiding the enzyme to its substrate b. speed metabolism because it would also be a catalyst c. slow metabolism by blocking the enzyme's active site d. save the cell energy by substituting for the substrate e. speed metabolism by acting as a cofactor for the enzyme
c
A protein's structure is determined by __________ monomers. Select one: a. glycerol b. monosaccharide c. amino acid d. polysaccharide
c
DNA is a nucleic acid molecule made of two long strands of __________ monomers wrapped around each other in a double helix. Select one: a. glycerol b. monosaccharide c. nucleotide d. amino acid e. fatty aci
c
Duplicated chromosomes lie on the equator and the two sister chromatids are held together at the centromere during which stage of mitosis? Select one: a. prophase b. prometaphase c. metaphase d. telophase e. anaphase
c
During the process called __________ the genetic code is complementary copied from DNA to RNA. Select one: a. translation b. replication c. transcription d. duplication e. none of the above
c
During which phase does a cell perform its specific functions and duplicate its chromosomes? Select one: a. telophase b. anaphase c. interphase d. cytokinesis e. metaphase
c
Figure 1 shows the frequency of individuals of a strain of bacteria versus resistance to a new antibiotic (the phenotype). Curve a shows the frequency of resistance of the bacteria before they are exposed to the new antibiotic (the original population), and curve b shows the frequency of resistance to the new antibiotic after the bacteria have evolved greater resistance (the evolved population). Which of the following types of selection has resulted in the increased resistance of the bacteria to the new antibiotic? a. unnatural selection b. stabilizing selection c. directional selection d. disruptive selection
c
How do somatic cells differ from gametes? Select one: a. Somatic cells are products of meiosis. b. Zygotes give rise to gametes. c. Somatic cells are diploid while gametes are haploid. d. Somatic cells are haploid while gametes are diploid. e. Somatic cells fuse to form zygotes.
c
In biological membranes, the phospholipids are arranged in Select one: a. a single layer with the fatty acids facing only the interior of the cell b. a single layer with the phosphate components facing only the cell's interior c. a bilayer with the fatty acids pointing toward each other d. a bilayer with the fatty acids facing outward e. a bilayer with the phosphate components facing toward each other
c
In the hierarchy of life, which of the following levels is highest? Select one: a. organelles b. cells c. population d. organ system e. organism
c
Purple flowers in pea plants are the result of the dominant allele P, and white flowers are the result of the recessive allele p. Give the genotype(s) of the gamete(s) that could be produced by a pea plant with the genotype Pp? Select one: a. p b. PP and pp c. P and p d. P e. Pp
c
The driving force of evolution that explains the unity and diversity of life on earth is Select one: a. ecosystems b. energy utilizaiton c. natural selection d. species regulation e. nutrient cycling
c
The presence of starch is indicated by: Select one: a. a translucent spot on a piece of brown paper b. a light violet or lavender color with biuret reagent c. a dark blue/black color with iodine reagent d. a yellow, green, orange, or red color with Benedict's reagent
c
The structure labeled #3 in the Figure is the: Select one: a. focus knob b. eyepiece c. objective d. diaphragm e. stage
c
The structure labeled C in the Figure is the: Select one: a. nucleoid b. nucleus c. flagella d. cytoplasm e. cell wall
c
The sugar in a molecule of DNA is___, while the sugar in RNA is ____: Select one: a. maltose, sucrose b. glucose, ribose c. deoxyribose, ribose d. ribose, deoxyribose e. sucrose, glucose
c
We know a lot about fossil clams, snails, and corals, but not much about ancient earthworms and jellyfish. Why is this case? Select one: a. a mass extinction wiped out the earthworms, but other animals survived b. there were no earthworms and jellyfish in ancient times c. earthworms were too soft to fossilize well
c
What do starch, glycogen, and cellulose have in common? Select one: a. fatty acids b. carboxyl groups c. polysaccharides d. peptide bonds e. amino groups
c
What natural selection force is driving the increased toxicity of Rough-skinned newts? Select one: a. humans picking them up b. none of the above c. garter snakes preying on them d. increased toxic things they eat e. it's just occurring all by itself
c
What type of selection is represented by recording human heights? Select one: a. disruptive selection b. directional selection c. stabilizing selection d. unnatural selection
c
Which of the following "basic units" of the metric system would you use to measure your weight? Select one: a. meter (m) b. liter (l) c. gram (g) d. centigrade (oC)
c
Which of the following are associated with the rough ER? Select one: a. Lysosomes b. Golgi apparatus c. Ribosomes d. Mitochondria e. Vacuoles
c
Which of the following clues would tell you if a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Select one: a. the presence or absence of ribosomes b. whether or not the cell contains DNA c. whether or not the cell contains membranous organelles d. the presence or absence of a plasma membrane e. whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
c
Which of the following has potential energy? Select one: a. car battery b. a water droplet on top of a waterfall c. all of these d. a compressed spring e. a glucose molecule
c
Which of the following is NOT a function of mitotic cell division in animals? Select one: a. asexual reproduction b. cell replacement c. production of gametes d. growth e. repair of damaged tissue
c
Which of the following terms refers to the situation where a single characteristic is determined by the additive effects of two or more genes? Select one: a. blending inheritance b. codominance c. polygenic inheritance d. pleiotropy e. incomplete dominance
c
Which phase does this diagram represent? Select one: a. prophase I b. anaphase II c. telophase I d. metaphase II e. interphase
c
Which structural level represents an alpha helix coiling or a beta pleated sheet? Select one: a. quaternary structure b. primary structure c. secondary structure d. tertiary structure e. hydrogen bonds
c
Which would best describe an emerging virus? Select one: a. viruses that have been around for centuries and are well known b. new species which are genetically engineered in a lab c. viruses that have appeared suddenly or have recently come to the attention of medical scientists d. viruses that only have RNA as their genetic information
c
What is an antibiotic? How does it work?
chemical produced by a bacteria or fungus that has the potential to control the growth of another bacteria or fungus.many are selective: having their inhibiting effect on only certain species of bacteria or fungi. they are designed to interfere with pathogens without affecting the cells of our body. their action relies on targeting aspects of cell structure or function between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
A __________ cell contains two members of each pair of homologous chromosomes. Select one: a. monoploid b. polyploid c. haploid d. diploid
d
A(n) _________ forms when two atoms share electrons. Select one: a. ionic bond b. ion c. hydrogen bond d. covalent bond e. element
d
Assuming that the probability of having a female child is 50% and the probability of having a male child is also 50%, what is the probability of a couple having a series of children with the first-born child a female followed by a second-born child a male? Select one: a. 12.5% b. 75% c. 100% d. 25% e. 50%
d
For the characteristic "skin pigmentation", having freckles is dominant, and having no freckles is recessive. Which of the following are possible if you have freckles? Select one: a. Ff or ff b. ff c. FF d. FF or Ff e. FF or ff
d
If the DNA code is ATG, what would be the mRNA codon that would pair? Select one: a. GTA b. CGU c. CAT d. UAC e. CAU
d
If you run 10 kilometers (km), how many meters (m) did you travel? Select one: a. 10 meters b. 1 meter c. 1,000 meters d. 10,000 meters
d
In humans, normal arches (A) are dominant and flat feet (a) are recessive, and widow's peak (W) is dominant and straight hairline (w) is recessive. Which of the following gametes could be produced by a man who is homozygous for normal arches and has a straight line hairline? Select one: a. ww b. aW c. AAww d. Aw e. AA
d
Natural selection is sometimes described as "survival of the fittest." Which of the following most accurately measures an organism's evolutionary fitness? Select one: a. its mutation rate b. how much food it is able to make or obtain c. how strong it is when pitted against others of its species d. how many fertile offspring it produces e. its ability to withstand environmental extremes
d
Protection from what disease in the past may protect humans from HIV today? Select one: a. Malaria b. Polio c. Tuberculosis d. Bubonic plague e. Whooping cough
d
Sister chromatids are connected at the ________. Select one: a. polar end b. chromatin c. nucleoli d. centromere e. zygote
d
The correct sequence of the subphases of mitosis is: Select one: a. metaphase, telophase, prophase, anaphase, prometaphase b. anaphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase, cytokinesis c. telophase, anaphase, metaphase, prometaphase, prophase d. prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase e. prophase, anaphase, prometaphase, telophase, metaphase
d
The sample in the image shows a positive test for: Select one: a. fat or oil b. starch c. protein d. monosaccharide or disaccharide e. polysaccharide
d
The selection that drove the increased length of modern giraffe legs and necks was ____________, but currently is probably maintained by _________ selection. Select one: a. disruptive; directional b. stabilizing; disruptive c. directional; disruptive d. directional; stabilizing e. disruptive; stabilizing
d
The smallest unit that can evolve is a Select one: a. species b. individual c. genotype d. population e. phenotype
d
What are the monomers of lipids? Select one: a. monosaccharides and peptides b. fatty acids and nucleotides c. peptides and glycerol d. glycerol and fatty acids
d
Which molecule contains the most energy for long-term storage? Select one: a. cellulose b. DNA c. protein d. lipid e. glucose
d
Which of these statements regarding enzymes is FALSE? Select one: a. Enzymes are proteins that function as biological catalysts b. The activity of enzymes can be regulated by factors in their environment c. An enzyme may be used many times over for a specific reaction d. Enzymes provide energy for the reactions they catalyze e. Enzymes display specificity for certain molecules to which they attach
d
Which organelle is found in prokaryotic cells? Select one: a. nucleus b. endoplasmic reticulum c. golgi d. ribosomes e. mitochondira
d
In Labrador retrievers, black coat color (B) is dominant to chocolate coat color (b) and normal vision (N) is dominant to blindness (n). Solve the following cross: a male retriever that is heterozygous for black coat color and is blind and a female retriever that has chocolate coat color and is heterozygous for normal vision. A. Give the genotypes of the parental generation. B. Give the genotypic ratio of the offspring, and the phenotypic ratio of the offspring.
dad- Bbnn mom- bbNn
A major characteristic that most lipids have in common is _____. Select one: a. they are all made of amino acids and glycerol b. they all contain nitrogen c. most have low in energy content d. they are all basic when mixed with water e. they don't dissolve well in water; they're hydrophobic
e
Bacteria and single-celled protozoans are grouped into different domains because Select one: a. bacteria are not made of cells b. protozoans eat bacteria c. protozoans are mobile while bacteria are not d. protozoans are not made of cells e. bacterial cells lack a nucleus
e
Flag question Question text The sources of information that Charles Darwin used and inspired his thoughts on evolution included Select one: a. books that he read b. fossils he collected c. observations of adaptations of organisms to their environments d. unique organisms he saw in different locations e. all of the above
e
Humans can have curly hair (CC), wavy hair (Cc) or straight hair (cc). If a curly-haired man marries a woman with wavy hair, what percent of their children will have wavy hair? Select one: a. 0% b. 100% c. 75% d. 25% e. 50%
e
Hydrolysis always involves Select one: a. the addition of carbon dioxide b. removal of carbon dioxide c. the formation of water d. combining amino acids e. the addition of water
e
Hydrolysis of a carbohydrate would produce Select one: a. glycerol b. triglycerides c. nucleotides d. amino acids e. monosaccharides
e
If the nucleotide sequence of a DNA codon is GAC, the nucleotide sequence of the complementary DNA codon is: Select one: a. TCU b. TGC c. GAC d. CUG e. CTG
e
In genetic testing, abnormalities such as Trisomy 21 are best identified by the person's Select one: a. gametes b. cytokinesis c. mitotic stage d. crossing over e. karyotype
e
Nondisjunction Select one: a. occurs during meiosis b. results in cells with unusual numbers of chromosomes c. is a failure of chromosome pairs from separating d. can occur in either sex e. all of the above describe nondisjunction
e
Restriction __________, which are produced only by bacteria and serve to break down incoming viral DNA which might infect the bacteria, are very useful in constructing recombinant DNA molecules because each one cuts DNA at a different sequence of bases. Select one: a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. nucleic acids d. phospholipids e. enzymes
e
The genetic makeup of an individual is the Select one: a. sex cells b. phenotype c. mutation d. gene pool e. genotype
e
The monomers of DNA and RNA are Select one: a. nucleic acids b. pyrimidines c. amino acids d. fatty acids e. nucleotides
e
The primary function of meiosis is to produce Select one: a. zygotes b. cells by binary fission c. somatic cells d. diploid gametes e. haploid gametes
e
What is the function of the structure labeled #8 in the Figure? Select one: a. control the aperture b. support c. illumination d. magnification e. focus
e
Which of the following functions as a biological catalyst? Select one: a. steroids b. substrate c. amino acid d. energy carrier molecule e. enzyme
e
Which of the following is NOT needed for DNA replication? Select one: a. all are needed b. enzymes c. nucleotides d. DNA e. ribosomes
e
Which one of the following would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from forming anchoring junctions? Select one: a. create problems with skin cell attachment b. direct flow of water and small molecules from one cell to another c. attachment of cells to the surrounding matrix d. they just wouldn't look as good e. integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract
e
Why is TB becoming so difficult to treat in patients as those seen in the Russian prisons? Select one: a. it is becoming resistant to most medicines b. drugs are expensive and often of low quality c. patients haven't received their full regimes of treatment d. people easily spread the disease through coughing and even breathing e. all of the above
e
You are eating a Big Mac and French fries while studying for you Unit 2 general biology lab quiz and drop a fry on one of the pages of your lab manual. The next day you notice that there is a translucent spot on the page of your lab manual where you dropped the fry. The translucent spot tells you that there must have been __________ in the French fry. Select one: a. protein b. amino acids c. monosaccharides d. disaccharides e. fats or oils
e
You test a food item for protein using the correct reagent and get a yellow color result. The result of this test would lead you to determine that the solution Select one: a. may contain starch b. may contain simple sugars c. does not contain protein d. may contain fats or oils e. all of the above
e
Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are three classes of the largest biological molecules, called Answer
macromolecules
