Quiz Questions
theory y
At Regal Company, employees and teams had higher performance, greater job satisfaction, and increased organizational commitment when their managers showed ________ behaviors.
legitimize change
Brandon is Mark's manager. When the leader of Mark's team leaves, Mark is given additional responsibilities as acting team leader. Brandon wants him to take the team in a new direction. However, the company does not give Mark a raise or promise of a bonus. What mistake has Brandon, the change agent, made?
core self-evaluations
CEO's with high ________ positively influence their organization's drive to take risks, innovate, and seek new opportunities, especially in strong dynamic business environments.
situation
Contingency theories propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on the ___
obudsman
Dr. Watson, dean of students at ABC University, has been assigned the task of working with faculty and students when they have disputes about course grades. During these discussions, he attempts to help the parties arrange a solution but he has no formal authority to impose one. He is most likely a(n)
active
Eileen is on a five-person team in her business strategy class. The team is responsible for participating in a 10-week simulation of a firm in the airline industry. Eileen contributes frequently in discussions in the twice-weekly team meetings. She is exhibiting the ________ style of listening.
work life balance
Ellen and George work for the same company. Ellen, a mother of three young children, really appreciates the on-site child-care opportunities, which George, takes advantage of flexspace since he has over an hour commute. These policies are examples of
right wrong
Ethics is primarily concerned with ___ and ___
self-actualization
Ever since Damien interned at an accounting firm the summer after his freshman year of college, he's wanted to become a CPA working at a large firm. Now, several years later after graduating from college, passing the CPA exam, and working at a medium-sized firm, he's been offered a job at a large national firm with the potential to become a partner in five years. Which of the five needs has Damien attained?
task relationship
Fiedler's contingency model identifies ___ or ____ motivated leadership style?
positive emotion engagement relationships meaning achievement
Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain PERMA, what does PERMA stand for
value attainment
Genevieve is a very religious person who does volunteer work for her church on weekends. When it came to selecting who would chair the United Fund drive for the department, her manager immediately thought of her and asked her to serve. The manager's action reflects the ________ model of job satisfaction.
extrinsic
In your job search you have narrowed it down to two companies. One job offer is from a company that is offering great benefits in a town you'd like to live in, and the other job offer is from a company that is offering a salary one and a half times as much as the other company along with a sign-on bonus. You decide to take the second job offer based on the financial rewards. What type of reward system do you value?
storming
Individual issues such as "What's my role here?" and group issues such as "Why are we fighting over who is in charge and who does what?" are part of which stage of group development?
eustress
Jamie is a prize-winning weightlifter who desires to increase the amount of weight she can bench press in a matter of weeks. When a person aims for a goal with a deadline, it can be a source of stress. However, Jamie has enough time to work steadily toward a realistic goal. This is known as "good" stress or
soft skills
Janell is having an argument with her father. He believes that focusing on her computer knowledge (hard skills) is the most important of jenell's college experience. Janell disagrees, arguing that ____ ___ is/ are the more critical and will help and will help her in the hiring process
efficacy
Javier's supervisor asks him to create a PowerPoint presentation for the next staff meeting based on a series of note cards he provided. Javier is experiencing ________ because he is proficient at PowerPoint.
task
Jenna and Martin complete their part of Project Zenith. Their progress is best measured against ________ goals.
devil's advocacy
Jim is head of the marketing department and must decide how to allocate a fixed amount of funds. There are two top projects that Jim believes hold the most promise. Recently, the majority of funds have been allocated to Project A, but Jim wonders if it is time to provide Project B with a larger share of the money. Jim decides to assign a particular individual, Clara, to thoroughly criticize the proposal for Project B, looking for every possible flaw. Which technique is Jim using to help him make a better decision?
Halo
Kara is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level in all areas of performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an example of a ________ perceptual error.
dialectic method
Laura is head of ABC Systems. She needs to allocate a fixed amount of funds to various projects. There are two top projects that Laura believes hold the most promise. She decides to arrange a structured debate for the two top proposals. Importantly, the assumptions of each proposal are identified, and a conflicting counterproposal is generated based on a different set of assumptions. Advocates of each position present and debate the merits of their proposal before Laura makes her decision. Which technique is Laura using to help her make a better decision.
intrinsically
Maria is a successful attorney specializing in corporate law. While it has nothing to do with her field of employment, Maria has always been interested in the history of religion. Using what little free time she has, she decided to take a course in comparative religion at the local university. She thinks that the course would be interesting and enjoyable. Maria is not pursuing a degree in the subject, nor is she taking the class for a grade. What can you say about Maria's motivation for taking the class? she is ___ motivated
task
Marion is frustrated with her OB project group. She frequently asks: "What's the problem with our group? We don't seem to be getting anywhere." This is a(n) ________ function.
conscientiousness
Nathan is dependable, responsible, and achievement-oriented, while Martin is relaxed and unworried. Nathan is likely to score high on ____
committed collaborative competent
Norman is elected president of the debate club. He is known as a team player. That means that Norman is ___, ___, and___
mutual adaptation
Of the following options, which is the BEST action to address any type of diversity issue?
fixed interval fixed ratio
Organizations typically rely on ____ and ____ schedules, such as hourly wages and annual reviews and raises.
stronger
People with an internal locus of control have ___ expectations that effort leads to performance
hope efficacy resilience optimism
People with high levels of positive psychological capital tend to display ___,___,___, and ____
situation factors
Person factors and ____ ____ are the two broad categories of OB concepts and theories.
amplifying
Positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because o their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a(n) ________ effect.
negativity bias
Sophia is on a four-person team in her management class. The team produces four reports during the term, and each person leads one of these projects. The project Sophia leads earned an A, while the team receives Cs on the other three reports. Sophia believes that her project was successful because of her leadership abilities, while the other projects were not as good because of the inadequate skills of the other team members. She demonstrates ________ in her beliefs.
mission statement
Southwest Airlines ________ is "dedicated to the highest quality of customer service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and company spirit."
T
T/F: Common causes of workplace conflict include all the following EXCEPT common methods for doing work
T
T/F: Ethics is considered so important when studying organizational behavior because you will be confronted with ethical challenges at all levels of organizations and throughout your career
T
T/F: Frank is the manager for a grocery store. He supervises 18 workers who perform service and clerical work that requires minimal training. Frank refrains from engaging in self-serving behaviors that hurt others and focuses on increased service to others rather than to himself would indicate that Frank is following the servant-leadership model of leadership?
T
T/F: Jim is the daytime supervisor for an automobile assembly line. He supervises 45 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Jim sets goals, monitors progress toward goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment would indicate that Jim is following the transactional model of leadership
T
T/F: Maria cannot finish her report until Juan provides the financial spreadsheet. Juan prefers to submit his work at the last minute and isn't responding to Maria's text messages is most likely to produce workplace conflict
T
T/F: Maria needs to talk to her coworker, Wayne, about his offensive behavior at the group dinner. To discuss this effectively, Maria should AVOID accusing Wayne of improper actions
T
T/F: Mario is setting up an after-school program for inner-city youth. The population is a mix of white, African American and Latinos, with Latinos comprising the majority of participants. Creating project opportunities using a mix of populations with equal status would help the group overcome stereotypes
T
T/F: Tanya is the night supervisor for a data processing company. She supervises 26 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Tanya seeks to motivate employees to pursue organizational goals above their own self-interests would indicate that Tanya is following the transformational model of leadership
T
T/F: conveying routine feedback is NOT an example of a crucial conversation?
T
T/F: it critical for managers to develop policies and procedures governing the appropriate use of social media because it can create many legal, financial, and personnel risks
T
T/F: lack of interpersonal conflict is NOT an appropriate measure of goal achievement?
T
T/F: the 5 stages of Tuckman's model of group development are not necessarily of the same duration or intensity
behavioral styles
The ________ approach attempts to identify the unique ways of acting displayed by effective leaders.
cognitive
Tony believes that cell phone use--even in restaurants--helps people manage their busy lives. Tony's belief reflects the _____ component of his attitude.
cognitive restructuring
Tony has a full course load and a full-time job. He has tried everything he can think of to help him deal with his stress, but nothing has worked and he has developed a negative attitude. What method relies on fostering positive emotions, using mindfulness, flourishing, and developing a positive organizational climate?
all situations specific targets
Values represent beliefs that influence behaviors across ________; attitudes relate to behavior toward ________.
initiator orienter energizer
Which three roles are especially important to groups?
leaders followers
You cannot lead without having ________ and you cannot follow without having ________.
________ is the key professional networking tool for job search and is used by as many as 77 percent of recruiters.
conscientiousness
________ is the personality trait with the strongest positive relationship with job performance.
face to face
________ is the richest form of communication.
consensus distinctiveness consistency
kelley hypothesized that people make casual attributions by observing
categorization inferences expectations maintenance
the steps in the process of stereotype formation and maintenance in order are ___, ___, ____, and ____
biased
the use of implicit cognitions leads people to make ____ decisions
integrating
When issues are complex, better solutions are needed, commitment is needed, and time is available, the ________ conflict-handling style is appropriate.
negotiation
________ is a give-and-take decision-making process involving two or more parties with different preferences. For example, labor-management negotiations over wages, hours, and working conditions.
arbitration
________ is an alternative dispute resolution technique in which disagreeing parties agree ahead of time to accept the decision of a neutral party in a formal courtlike setting, often complete with evidence and witnesses.
self-esteem
________ is your general belief about your own self-worth.
norming
A feeling of team spirit is sometimes experienced during the ________ stage because members believe they have found their proper roles. Group cohesiveness, defined as the "we feeling" that binds members of a group together, is a principal by-product of Stage 3.
flow
A state of ________ exists when employees are physically, cognitively, and emotionally engaged in an activity or project.
process
A(n) theory attempts to describe how various person and environmental factors affect motivation.
assimilate
ABC Airlines hires flight attendants from diverse backgrounds and puts them through an extensive training and orientation program before they are approved to fly. In addition to learning about responding to medical issues and FAA guidelines, they also must learn the company's many rules and processes as contained in an extensive procedures and policies manual. ABC Airlines is adopting a(n) ________ option for managing diversity.
progress outcomes
Accurately and appropriately monitoring and evaluating BOTH ________ and ________ are critical components of effective performance management.
communication competence
An individual's ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context
cognitive dissonace
As a senior student representative on the ethics advisory board of your university, you feel strongly that cheating on college exams is unethical. You never cheated on any exam. However, this semester your best friend was desperate for your help, and you allowed him to take a quick "peek" at your answer sheet. Since then, you feel uncomfortable every time you think of the situation. Which of the following concepts best explains your psychological discomfort?
task-oriented
Clemson's head football coach Dabo Swinney used what type of overall leadership behavior to lead his team to win two national championships in three years?
attitudes opinions values
Deep-level characteristics of diversity include ___,____, and ____
radically innovative
Experimental University's president recently announced that instead of professors giving grades to students in their classes, students would give themselves grades. This would be a(n) ________ change.
organizational
Frances quit her job because she felt that her department's reward system favored men. This would be diagnosed as a(n) ______ level problem.
equity
Gabe has a supervisor who supports his work and understands his needs. He is rewarded for meeting his sales goals, but his salary isn't fair compared to those with the same job description and experience level. He also feels he puts more work into following up with sales leads than his colleagues. Gabe is lacking in what model of job satisfaction?
plan your multimedia
Grace is going to be leading a meeting of her colleagues to discuss how they might redesign one of their work processes. She decides that she will use a PowerPoint presentation to lay out the problems with the existing workflow. She is in the ________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
willpower waypower
Hope consists of ___ and ___
resilience
Imelda's life is difficult right now. Her husband and she recently decided to divorce and she is now a single parent of two preteenagers. They are good kids, but it is difficult taking care of them and managing her full-time job as a middle manager. Imelda has started taking work home at night and finishing projects at night after her children are in bed. Imelda is likely exhibiting
time-bound
In order to go on spring break in March, Michelle must have $2,000 in her savings account by February 1 at 5:00 p.m. in order to purchase the plane ticket. Which type of SMART goal is this?
inputs processess outputs
In the Organizing Framework___ (input/output) lead to ___, which lead to ____(input/output)
anchoring
In the last step of Kotter's model of change, ________, reinforcing the changes is probably the most powerful way to get others to follow.
intrapersonal
Keyshawn is a player on a professional football team. Because of this, his plays every week are scrutinized by fans and media, as well as his own coaches. Sometimes, their comments are very negative and even personal. Keyshawn will handle this better if he has a high level of ________ intelligence.
physiological
Melissa has been out of work for eight months and is worried about providing for her family. She takes a job at a fast-food restaurant, even through the position is a step down from her previous job. According to Maslow's theory, Melissa is motivated by ________ needs.
an external locus of control
Petra made a large mistake on a report she submitted to her boss, and it ended up costing the company a significant amount of money. When asked why this had occurred, she blamed one of her coworkers for giving her erroneous information for the report. Petra is expressing
fear of failure
Sam has worked for the company for 30 years and is very good, although slow at his job of putting together reports on the department's performance. Recently, Susan, his new manager, talked with him about adopting a new software program that would make his job easier and quicker to accomplish, and allow him to take on additional responsibilities. Sam doesn't want to adopt this new software because his old way of doing the reports has worked just fine. How would you describe the most likely cause of Sam's resistance?
positivity
The ________ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward that which is life-giving and away from that which is life-depleting.
affective cognitive behavioral
The components of attitudes include ___, ___,___
urgency
The first step of change, the ________ step, involves unfreezing the organization using a compelling reason to accept why change is necessary, which involves breaking down the existing status quo before you can build up a new way of operating. According to Kotter, it is important to develop a compelling message showing why the existing way of doing things cannot continue.
Behavioral
The head of ABC Company announces that the company is going to start a weekend project teaching self-defense techniques to underprivileged kids in the neighborhood. Thomas decides to register for the project, as he is a trained kickboxer. This action of Thomas reflects the ________ component of his attitude.
performance learning
The two basic types of goals are ____ and ____
distributive integrative
The two basic types of negotiation are ___ and ____
content process
The two general categories of motivation theories are
frame your story
Thinking about what your audience already knows about your subject is part of the ________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
task oriented
Wendy is a large-scale project manager. She can break down a project into its component parts, create the project timelines, and ensure that milestones are met. Wendy is much more focused on end results than specific roles or the overall mission of the organization. This is an example of ________ leadership.
restorative justice compassion temperance
What are the three global values that are essential for promoting positive OB?
extrinsic motivation
When Jackson exceeds his sales goal for the month, he will get a 20 percent bonus along with recognition in the monthly corporate newsletter. This is an example of which type of motivation?
innovative
When Mr. Brown, the new CEO of XYZ Department Stores, took over, his first action was to get rid of the organization's existing marketing strategy, which was heavily based on couponing. He replaced it with a strategy of low prices every day, a policy with which some of its competitors were having much success. This was a(n) ________ change.
attributional
Which of the following is NOT a layer of diversity?
hygiene factors
Yuki was dissatisfied with his job. He said that the company policy, supervision, and working conditions were responsible for his dissatisfaction. According to Frederick Herzberg's theory, ________ are the extrinsic factors that create job dissatisfaction.
defining the problem
___ ___ __ is the first step on the three-step journey (or approach) of the Organizing Framework.
organizational behavior
___ ___ is the interdisciplinary field dedicated to understanding and managing people at work
ethical dilemmas
____ ____ highlight the fact that choosing amoing available options is not always a choice between right and wrong
group roles norms
____ and ____ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior.
intentions attitudes planned behavior
____ and ____ are the key links between ________ in Azjen's Theory of Planned Behavior
performance management
_____ is the set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.
formal informal
________ (formal/informal) groups are assigned by organizations or managers, while ________ (formal/informal) groups form when the members' purpose of getting together is friendship or a common interest.
crucial conversations
________ are discussions between two or more people where the stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong.
needs
________ are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior.
values
________ are relatively stable and can stem from our parents' beliefs, our experiences in childhood and throughout our life, and from our religious or spiritual beliefs.
expectancy instrumentality valence
________ are the three elements of expectancy theory.
empowering
________ broad based action is the step of Kotter's eight-step model that involves eliminating barriers to change.
self-efficacy
________ can be developed because it involves a person's belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task.
transactional leadership
________ focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance.
Expectancy Theory
________ is NOT a content theory of motivation.
emotional intelligence
________ is the ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions.
collaboration
________ is the act of sharing information and coordinating efforts to achieve a collective outcome.
personality
________ is the combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity.
mindfullness
________ is widely practiced by employees and in workplaces everywhere. Many companies are now even sponsoring this type of training for their employees.
discrimination
________ occurs when employment decisions about an individual are based on reasons not associated with performance or related to the job.
intrinsic motivation
________ results when an individual gains satisfaction and self-praise from an assignment.
problem solving
________ skills are increasingly needed in today's complex world in order to achieve superior performance where workers at all levels of the organization are called upon to think critically, take ownership of problems, and made real-time decisions.
cross functional
__________ teams are created with members from different disciplines within an organization, such as finance, operations, and R&D.