Quizlet Manhattan Advanced GRE Words

pathogenic

(adj) Capable of producing disease

kinetic

(adj) Pertaining to motion

vociferous

Noisily crying out, as in protest

skittish

"(adj) Shy, fickle, uncertain, or prone to act suddenly due to nervousness; lively in a restless or excessive way [ürkek, gergin] / an animal, especially a horse, that is skittish gets excited or frightened very easily / a person who is skittish is not very serious, and their feelings, behaviour, and opinions keep changing / if people who buy shares are skittish, they are nervous and worried about them dropping in value, and might sell the shares that they own because of this [= jittery]: ""Some skittish Wall Street investors are staying away from the market."" // ""And if Apple falls apart, software developers could get even more skittish about sinking money into writing programs for Macs.""; ""At work she was a supremely confident executive; with her first child she was a skittish novice.""; ""Some players, who tend to be skittish and superstitious even by the standards of professional athletes, were reluctant to take part.""; ""These skittish, slippery amphibians literally live under a rock, or a log, or any convenient dark and damp forest habitat.""; ""Her performances, once skittish and moody, have improved drastically since the release of her 2006 ruminative soul disc, "The Greatest." ""; ""Now we come to the question of why they have been skittish about talking with you about it up to now.""; ""That's how skittish some parts of the country are about any kind of gun regulation."" --> If you're skittish, you're unpredictable and excitable. You've probably seen skittish horses in parades — the loud noises and crowds of people make them very nervous and jumpy. The adjective skittish isn't just for animals — humans can be skittish too. If you're sleeping in a haunted house, for example, you're likely to be skittish, jumping at every moving shadow. Skittish can also mean flighty in thought — like your boss who's skittish about giving you a raise and avoids discussing it. The word is thought to have come from the Scandinavian word skyt, meaning ""very lively, frivolous."""

laudable

"(adj) Worthy of praise / deserving praise, even if not completely successful [= praiseworthy]: ""Equal pay for equal work is a laudable principle.""; ""Preserving our natural environment is a laudable goal.""; ""Such honesty is laudable and rare."" --> laudable=love+able so deserving praise"

modicum

"(n) A little bit or limited quantity / Modicum often refers to a small amount of something intangible and abstract rather than to a physical quantity. / a small amount of something, especially a good quality: ""Before you rush out, though, we must advise a modicum of caution.""; ""Looking after a fire does require a modicum of attention and responsibility.""; ""All I ask for is a modicum of courtesy. (bit)""; ""She hoped for a modicum of understanding from her professor when she turned her project in late. (shred, smidgen)""; ""If he has even a modicum of courage, he will complete the task. (bit, trace)""; ""I was very frustrated when I didn't receive even a modicum of gratitude for all my hard work. (iota, bit, shred)"" --> MODICUM=MODERATE+INCOME / modicus 'moderate', from modus; ? MODE "

proxy

"(n) Agent, substitute, person authorized to act on behalf of another / by proxy: if you do something by proxy, you arrange for someone else to do it for you: ""You can vote by proxy."" / someone who you choose to represent you, especially to vote for you: proxy for: ""a husband acting as proxy for his wife""; ""A proxy need not be a member of the Company.""; """" --> vekil; vekalet, vekillik"

inconstancy

"(n) Fickleness, unreliability; the state of changing without good reason / The state or quality of being eccentrically variable or fickle(kararsız, değişken). : ""The constancy or inconstancy of employment cannot affect the ordinary profits of stock in any particular trade."""

largess or largesse

"(n) Generosity, the giving of money or gifts (esp. with the implication that the giver is a bit superior to the recipient) [ihsan,cömertlik,bağış] / when someone gives money or gifts to people who have less than they do, or the money or gifts that they give [= generosity] / willingness to give money, usually in an ostentatious(gösterişli,azametli) manner; a substantial gift --> ""They could not have put on the benefit without the largess of big-business donors. (generosity)""; ""The millionaire's largess will benefit the charity greatly. (gift, donation)""; ""Her largess to the museum made her feel generous and powerful. (endowment, contribution)""; ""The wealthy socialite(sosyete) knew she would always be invited to the most exclusive charity balls because of her largess. (generosity)"" --> Largess refers to a liberality in giving. People who give money in largess often do so with an air of superiority, as if to show how great they are because they are able to give large sums of money. When thinking of largess, think ""large gift."" Largess is a more sophisticated way of saying generosity, but it's often used more specifically to describe ostentatious generosity meant to show off the donor's wealth."

interplay

"(n) Interaction, reciprocal relationship or influence / the way in which two people or things affect each other: interplay of: ""the interplay of ideas""; interplay between: ""the interplay between military and civilian populations""; ""There's a lot of wonderful interplay between the writer and his characters.""; ""The interplay of salty cheese, rosemary, and pungent onion makes this pizza bold and flavorful.""; ""Our world is made by the interplay of our environments with our bodies, our reason, and our emotions."""

peregrinate

"(v) Travel from place to place, esp. on foot: ""His peregrinations took him to India and China""; ""The foolish, young couple decided to peregrinate through an empty gutter at an evening time."" --> pilgrims in a travel / "

vestige

Trace or sign of something that once existed

pallid

"(adj) Abnormally pale (as skin); lacking color or vitality / very pale, especially in a way that looks weak or unhealthy: ""Paul looked pallid and sick.""; ""Still others have told me that my pallid skin and luminous large eyes give me the look of a cat."" / not very interesting: ""The plot is wafer-thin and the acting is pallid.""; ""Alongside this, all other pianists who have played the work sound pallid."" --> solgun; soluk; benzi atmış / pallid=paled, made pale"

felicitous

"(adj) Admirably appropriate, very well-suited for the occasion, suitable; pleasant, fortunate, marked by happiness / highly suitable and really expressing the intended thought or feeling; having happiness or good luck; pleasing and agreeable [isabetli, münasip, yerinde, mesut] // ""Lincoln's felicitous words about government""; ""Not a term I would use myself, since I do not find it particularly felicitous.""; ""We all strive for a felicitous life--one with happiness and good fortune.""; ""The felicitous speech was just what the earthquake victims needed to inspire them to rebuild. (germane(konuyla ilgili), applicable)""; ""A felicitous life depends on your attitude toward what life throws at you. (fortunate, happy)""; ""The President gave a felicitous speech to the troops, which gave them comfort and resolve to complete their mission. (appropriate, auspicious)""; ""I feel like I am living a felicitous life full of joy and opportunity. (happy, joyous)"" --> fell in love sit and proposed.(well expressed and well chosen) this behavious is admirably appropriate"

hermetic

"(adj) Airtight, sealed, isolated; reclusive; pertaining to alchemy, occult / sealed or airtight; uninfluenced, sealed off from outside influence; abstruse(anlaşılması güç) or confusing; having to do with magic: ""To prevent contamination, each vaccine should be stored in a container with a hermetic seal. (airtight)""; ""You know the hermetic seal has not been broken if the lid makes a suction noise when you open it. (airtight)""; ""I can't imagine anyone who would want to live in the hermetic world of a monastery and be so removed from everything. (cut off, removed uninfluenced)""; ""Sometimes I think it would be great to live a hermetic life on an Island, with no TV or influence from this crazy world. (cut off, removed, uninfluenced)"" / hermetically sealed: very tightly closed so that air cannot get in or out [= airtight]: ""Space and time can not be regarded as hermetically sealed domains.""; ""Racism is the product of impenetrable or hermetically sealed minds.""; ""I think we need to be theoretically and politically clear that no single culture is hermetically sealed off from others."" --> Hermetic comes from the name of Hermes Trismegistus, who supposedly invented a magic seal. Think of a magic seal that you can put on things to protect them and keep them air tight. This will help you remember both definitions for hermetic, ""airtight"" and ""sealed off from outside influences."" For a memory trick, think of a recluse hermit who is hermetic. / HERMETIC-HERMET-HELMET. your head is completely airtight and sealed off from the outside influence."

ersatz

"(adj) Artificial, synthetic; being an inferior substitute; in German: 'something used instead of something else' / artificial, and not as good as the real thing: ""His hunger was however strong enough to get him through that, along with the slice of ersatz brown bread.""; ""His wife scurried(koşuşturmak) around serving ersatz coffee and comforting a baby born four days previously.""; ""This is one of the many New York culinary(mutfakla ilgili, pişirmeyle ilgili) delights that appear only in ersatz forms outside the city."" --> sat is an inferior substitute for gre for ER (engineer) ppl / an enineer (ER) giving the SAT paper,, which will be fake-substitue, since SAT is given by 12th pass, not graduates (enineer) / "

meretricious

"(adj) Attractive in a vulgar or flashy way, tawdry; deceptive [gösterişli,cafcaflı,sahte güzel] / something that is meretricious seems attractive but has no real value or is not based on the truth / outwardly appealing, but ultimately not valuable or worthwhile; seemingly, but not actually, true: ""When considering Internet deals, be wary of meretricious offers. (false, flashy, specious(görünüşte iyi olan,yanıltıcı) )""; ""Their meretricious explanation of their tardiness fooled their supervisor. (false, spurious)""; ""The grandmother was wooed(kur yapmak) into buying the meretricious product by the charming vendor. (gaudy(gösterişli,parlak), chintzy)""; ""The meretricious entertainment of Las Vegas appeals to many people looking for a couple nights of superficial fun. (tawdry, flashy, shallow)"" --> Meretricious used to mean ""having to do with prostitutes,"" but this definition is not currently in use. The idea of superficial, but not real, attraction lingers in the current definition, however. Someone or something described as meretricious is shallow and/or insincere. / meretricious=merit+of+riches - merit of riches may seem attractive but it has no real value in it. all false and flashy."

surly

"(adj) Bad-tempered, hostile, unfriendly, or rude [SYN sullen]: ""I declined to tip the porter, who left with a surly expression.""; ""Kevin can be really surly sometimes.""; ""Passengers complained about the dirty lavatory and surly staff.""; ""Fred's attitude of surly non-cooperativeness makes further investigation difficult.""; ""She knew him, and could imagine his state now, half surly defiance, half anxious and defensive fear."" --> Surly describes behavior nobody wants to be around. Think of the irritable old guy who lives on your street and always seems to be simmering with some sullen nasty anger, whose every utterance he spits out with a rude snarl. He's the poster boy for surly. Surly behavior is always frowned upon, but the word's origins are in the behavior of English nobility. Surly's roots are in sirly, as in sir, meaning arrogant, haughty and superior. Its current meaning implies all that and more, none of it appealing. To be rude, snotty, sullen, mean and cranky can be added to the list. Generally speaking, if you find yourself in a surly mood, avoid your friends and loved ones. / sirly 'like a lord, proud and grand' (14-17 centuries), from sir; so think of our school SIR...who was very BAD TEMPERED AND RUDE..who use to beat us whenever we hadn't completed our home work on time"

treacherous

"(adj) Betraying trust, not faithful or trustworthy; not dependable; dangerous or deceptive / someone who is treacherous cannot be trusted because they are not loyal and secretly intend to harm you: ""a sly and treacherous woman""; ""a treacherous plot to overthrow the leader""; ""He knew he had been betrayed by a scheming and treacherous woman.""; ""Her stepmother was a treacherous, selfish woman."" / ground, roads, weather conditions etc that are treacherous are particularly dangerous because you cannot see the dangers very easily: ""treacherous mountain roads""; ""Strong winds and loose rocks made climbing treacherous.""; ""Strong winds and heavy rain are making driving conditions treacherous in some areas.""; ""There are treacherous underwater currents along this stretch of coast.""; ""They traveled on horseback over treacherous Himalayan footpaths."" --> Treacherous means either not trusted or dangerous. A treacherous road might be icy or otherwise likely to cause a car accident. A treacherous friend will betray you. Treachery refers to harmful acts you might do to someone who trusts you. It can also refer to being disloyal to your native country, but the word treason is more common in this sense. Treachery is from Middle English trecherie, from Old French, from trichier ""to trick or cheat."" The English word trick is from trikier, a slightly different spelling that was used in some dialects of Old French."

plucky

"(adj) Brave, spirited / brave and determined - often used in newspapers: ""Plucky Denise saved her younger sister's life.""; ""This was before the plucky rebels came out of the hills.""; ""The plucky 14-year-old was determined however to experience the magic of DisneyWorld and never stopped smiling all week.""; ""Cornell put up a plucky game, strong at all times in team work.""; ""Yet one plucky rebel is changing everything through his podcasts."" --> he was a brave and determined guy, also a bit lucky."

imperturbable

"(adj) Calm, not able to be upset or agitated / remaining calm and unworried in spite of problems or difficulties: ""Tom responded to the crisis in a steady, imperturbable manner.""; ""Callaghan proved to be an imperturbable and shrewd pilot for these storms.""; ""Then the rock continued on its imperturbable course and we were left to reflect on its message.""; ""The patient mother seemed imperturbable despite her children's constant bickering. (calm, unflappable)""; ""Even in an emergency, they are both imperturbable and reliable. (calm, unflappable, even)""; ""She always seemed imperturbable, even in the most stressful situations. (calm, unflappable, even, unaffected)""; ""Firefighters always have to remain imperturbable, even in the face of danger. (calm, steady, undisturbed)"" --> Imperturbable is related to the words perturb and disturb--both denote upsetting or distressing someone. Add the negative im-, ""not,"" and someone imperturbable is difficult to upset. / imperturbable- im+perturbable. Perturb has a rhythm with Disturb. Imperturbable is a person whom u can't feel perturbed/disturbed/upset easily- that's why he is always calm."

grievous

"(adj) Causing grief(acı, keder, üzüntü) or suffering; very serious, grave; flagrant, outrageous / very serious and causing great pain or suffering: ""The Mormon Church considers abortion a grievous sin.""; ""Congress now has a chance to correct its grievous error.""; ""The members knew that grievous wounds had been opened by the war, and it would take much time for them to heal.""; ""There is clearly enough indication that it can cause grievous harm, not only to humans, but to the entire ecosystem."" --> from Anglo-French grevous (Old French grevos) ""heavy, hard, toilsome,"", from grief, from grever ""afflict, burden, oppress,"" from Latin gravare ""to cause grief, make heavy,"" from gravis ""weighty"""

cardinal

"(adj) Chief, most important / very important or basic: ""Having clean hands is one of the cardinal rules when preparing food.""; ""an issue of cardinal importance""; ""Perhaps the cardinal sin, however, was not selling off state infrastructure to foreign investors.""; ""One of the cardinal sins of every courtroom is to not turn off your cell phone."""

limpid

"(adj) Clear, transparent; completely calm / ""Black shapes now appear against the limpid sky on the horizons!""; ""It was a limpid, beautiful day, and she was a little bit in love.""; ""Studying you, I note your limpid gaze, felicitous expression your dazzling waist."" --> limpid...lucid...liquid - so transparent. / limpide, from Latin, from lympha; ? LYMPH / c.1600, from French limpide (15c.) and directly from Latin limpidus ""clear,"" from limpa ""water goddess, water;"" probably cognate with lympha ""clear liquid"" (see lymph)"

imperious

"(adj) Commanding, domineering; acting like a high-ranking person; urgent / giving orders and expecting to be obeyed, in a way that seems too proud: ""She raised her hand in an imperious gesture.""; ""His manner was abrupt and imperious.""; ""The new professor was an imperious woman who considered herself to be quite important. (arrogant, self-righteous)""; ""The imperial government made laws that all of its citizens had to obey. (powerful, central)""; ""The diplomat asked his subordinates to leave with an imperious wave of his hand. (authoritative, arrogant, haughty)""; ""I don't think he can be an effective manager with his imperious manner. (arrogant, authoritative, condescending)"" --> The words imperious and imperial are related. Imperial, however, means ""grand, superior, or powerful"" in a more positive sense. It also can refer to that which relates to a country, an emperor, or to an empire. Think, ""The imperial emperor was imperious and looked down on everyone."""

metaphysical

"(adj) Concerned with abstract thought, related to metaphysics (branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the nature of being and of the world); very subtle or abstruse / concerned with the study of metaphysics: ""A lot of scientists don't like discussing metaphysical matters.""; ""The metaphysical question of ""What happens when you die?"" is one that may never be answered. (philosophically relating to existence) adjective""; ""The study of metaphysics involves trying to understand life and existence. (study of the nature of being)""; ""Simplicity is desirable, in scientific and in metaphysical explanations.""; ""The dying planet has a metaphysical relationship to my own mortality and to that extent my inquiry into landscape is inherently ironic."" --> The two meanings of metaphysics are contradictory, because on the one hand, it refers to abstract philosophy and study of existence, but on the other hand, it refers to the sound building blocks and principles of concrete ideas or studies(e.g.: Sound mathematics are a large part of the metaphysics of good architecture. (underlying principles) ). The word metaphysical describes the study or understanding of existence."

terse

"(adj) Concise, brief and to the point (sometimes to the point of rudeness) / brief and to the point, sometimes seeming unfriendly [SYN brief, abrupt, concise, curt, pithy, precise, short, succinct, laconic]: ""Derek's terse reply ended the conversation.""; "" Continue!' he said tersely.""; "" ""We're in the process of negotiations,"" Russo said in a terse statement to reporters.""; ""The terse announcement gave no reason for Harris's resignation.""; ""The White House issued a terse statement saying the President would not comment on the allegations.""; ""When I asked John how he had received the bruise, his reply was a terse, ""I don't know."" (abrupt, curt, short)""; ""The report was terse and easy to read. (concise, brief, precise)""; ""Her terse comment that I was wrong, without further explanation, left me confused and upset. (abrupt, curt)""; ""When the entertainment reporter asked the singer about her impending nuptials(düğün), she tersely replied, ""No comment."" (briefly, curtly) adverb"" --> Terse can be used to refer to language that is brief and concise, but it is most often used to refer to speech that is curt. However, curt is the better word to describe rudeness in brevity, while terse doesn't necessarily mean rude, but instead means ""very brief and direct."" / TERS(e) cevaplar 'kısa ve öz' olur. bazen kabadır"

pusillanimous

"(adj) Cowardly, timid / frightened of taking even small risks [= cowardly]: ""Others would see the acceptance of this bounded walking environment as timid and pusillanimous.""; ""The comfort and security you are chasing can only be temporary with pusillanimous people like you prancing around.""; ""The man was not a grey-suit, not a whey-face, not a pusillanimous, coughing politician."" --> pusillanimis, from Latin pusillus 'very small' + animus 'spirit'"

discomfiting

"(adj) Disconcerting, confusing, frustrating // discomfit (v): to make someone feel slightly uncomfortable, condused, annoyed, or embarrassed: ""He was discomfited by her silence.""; ""Foley's announcement discomfited some Democrats.""; ""Gabe thought he knew a lot about engineering, so he was discomfited to find that Peter knew much more about the topic than he did. (embarrassed, made insecure) adjective""; ""Lisa was discomfited on realizing that she had worn casual clothing to the office for Casual Friday, but in fact, it was only Thursday. (embarrassed, distressed) adjective""; ""Don't discomfit her by making any comments about her hair; she's insecure enough about it as it is. (embarrass, distress)""; ""The woman's staggering beauty could easily discomfit even the most self-assured man. (discompose, confound) "" --> Discomfit comes from the Old French word desconfit, ""to destroy."" If you discomfit someone you destroy that person's feeling of security; you confuse him, you make him feel uneasy. The word also sounds like discomfort, but there is a difference. Discomfort means ""to make uncomfortable,"" while discomfit is more specific and refers to making someone disconcerted and confused, which could also make someone feel uncomfortable, but it's more specific to confusion and insecurity. The adjective form is discomfited and describes someone who has been embarrassed or disturbed."

squalid

"(adj) Disgusting, filthy, foul, extremely neglected [SYN filthy, broken-down, crummy, seedy, shabby, wretched, degraded, nasty, sordid, immoral, undignified] / very dirty and unpleasant because of a lack of care or money: ""How can anyone live in such squalid conditions?""; ""a tiny squalid apartment""; ""After the squalid conditions of the refugee camps even this place seems preferable.""; ""Dalmer lived in a squalid little room above a shop.""; ""Her childhood was spent in the squalid slums east of the city.""; ""The living conditions these immigrants endure are squalid, at best."" / immoral or dishonest: ""squalid behaviour""; ""a squalid affair"" // ""The animals were rescued from their squalid shelter. (wretched, filthy)""; ""Volunteers worked to improve the squalid conditions of the inner-city neighborhood. (shabby, crummy, broken-down)""; ""The squalid behavior of the characters on soap operas can make for great entertainment. (nasty, sordid, undignified)""; ""The non-profit agency raises money for Cambodian children who are living in squalor. (filthiness, shabby conditions) noun"" --> Squalid is derived from the Latin squalidus, which means ""dirty, filthy."" The related noun squalor refers to a state of filthiness. The phrase ""living in squalor"" is common in modern English; it means ""living in filthy, wretched conditions, especially because of poverty."" / SQUAshed + LID... If a LID of a can is SQUAshed, it gets filthy."

disparate

"(adj) Distinct, different / consisting of things or people that are very different and not related to each other: ""Many disparate forms of information can be linked together in the database.""; a meeting covering many disparate subjects""; ""the difficulties of dealing with disparate groups of people""; ""The project team's disparate opinions made for a frustrating and inconclusive meeting. (different, distinct)""; ""Leslie enjoys such disparate hobbies as bowling and painting. (diversified, miscellaneous)""; ""In America, there are so many disparate political beliefs, it seems odd that we have only two major political parties. (different, differing)""; ""The couple found value in traveling to disparate parts of the world and learning about different cultures. (sundry, diverse)"" --> Disparate is derived from the Latin word disparatus, the past participle of disparare, meaning "to separate." Disparate is often used to describe ideas, so think, separate ideas that are completely different. Disparate is a more sophisticated way of saying ""completely different."" (See disparity) / Dis(this) + parate(parrot) is different from the rest. But how?? It can talk!!! / Disparate can be broken as: ""This"" ""sEparate"" so read as ""this is separate""!"

multifarious

"(adj) Diverse, having a lot of variety / of many different kinds: ""There can be no doubt of Addison's sensitivity to the multifarious qualities of Paradise Lost.""; ""The group of athletes participating in the competition is multifarious; they all have different athletic backgrounds. (diverse, varied)""; ""Her multifarious interests include scuba diving, writing poetry, and teaching French classes. (varied, numerous, eclectic)""; ""Her multifarious collection of antiques is quite impressive. (diverse, eclectic, numerous)""; ""The man stood in front of the judge, accused of committing multifarious crimes during a short span of time. (various, numerous)"" --> Multifarious is similar to multi-faceted and has a similar meaning. In both cases, the prefix multi- means ""many."" Multifarious refers to anything varied and diverse. For a memory trick, note how multifarious looks like ""multiple"" and ""various"" combined. Multifarious means having ""multiple"" or ""various"" parts/components."

furtive

"(adj) Done secretly; stealthy, sly, shifty / behaving as if you want to keep something secret [= secretive]: ""There was something furtive about his actions.""; furtive glances/looks: ""Chris kept stealing furtive glances at me.""; ""She opened the door and looked furtively down the hall.""; ""His movements were quick and furtive, and he spoke in a whisper.""; ""Miss Baggely appeared unconfident, almost furtive.""; ""The two girls exchanged furtive glances across the dinner table and tried hard not to giggle.""; ""He knew what the boss was about to say and shot his friend a furtive glance. (secretive, stealthy)""; ""His actions were furtive enough not to arouse suspicion. (clandestine, covert)""; ""His furtive manner made me question what exactly he was up to. (shifty, secretive)""; ""Although she didn't wish to be rude, she was so bored during the presentation that she took a furtive glance at her watch to see how much longer she would have to sit there. (sly, covert)"" --> Furtive is derived from the Latin furtivus, from furtum, ""theft."" Theft is a furtive (covert, sneaky, hidden) act, and a person committing theft wouldn't want to be caught. Furtive is synonymous with surreptitious and clandestine. See surreptitious for additional analysis. / furtive=fur+thief -- a fur thief trying to do his job in a secretive and stealthy way."

perfunctory

"(adj) Done superficially, without much care, or merely as routine / a perfunctory action is done quickly, and is only done because people expect it: ""She gave him a perfunctory smile.""; ""The applause was perfunctory.""; ""You could tell by the perfunctory manner in which he performed his job that he was ready to move on to something new. (careless, indifferent)""; ""I was offended by his perfunctory approach to my annual review; I take those reviews very seriously and he clearly did not. (passing, cursory, indifferent)""; ""Because Gene was a young man, his doctor performed only a perfunctory examination of his heart and missed the signs of developing heart disease. (passing, automatic, standard)""; ""It was very evident that the thank-you note was only a perfunctory gesture, not a sincere one. (superficial, halfhearted)"" --> Perfunctory is derived from a Latin word that means ""to get through something or complete an action."" Perfunctory is often used to describe actions that are done routinely, usually as a matter of custom or tradition. For example, in many countries, when people greet each other, they kiss on the cheek. In the U.S. this is considered a big deal and would be done with only select family and friends. In many European countries, a kiss is often perfunctory and done with little thought or special notice between people who have just met. Perfunctory can also be used to describe someone performing a task in haste, with little thought or consideration. This is more from the Latin origin of ""getting through something"" with minimal effort. Perfunctory is a good critique of someone who simply did the bare minimum to complete a task. / Perform+hurry....perform in a hurry (in a haste)....perfunctory. / there were doing all those traditions superficially, without much care. there were all per function"

extemporaneous

"(adj) Done without preparation (esp. of a speech), or with some preparation but no notes; improvised, done on the spur of the moment / spoken or done without any preparation or practice [= impromptu]: ""She also has a distaste (sevmeme) for policy debates, interviews, extemporaneous speeches and many other traditional obligations of a national leader.""; ""His extemporaneous speech was actually quite good for having been improvised. (unprepared, off-the-cuff)""; ""Although the new CEO hadn't planned on delivering a speech on his first day, he did offer a few extemporaneous comments of encouragement to his employees. (spontaneous, impromptu)""; ""The pianist was forced to extemporize when the singer decided to sing a song they had not rehearsed together. (improvise) verb""; ""All of the laughter garnered by Charlie's extemporaneous comedy routine convinced him that he should become a professional comedian. (improvised, spontaneous)"" --> Extemporaneous is derived from the Latin ex tempore, ""out of the moment."" Something extemporaneous is unrehearsed and unplanned, like an off-the-cuff speech. To extemporize means ""to improvise,"" or make it up as you go along. Extemporaneous is synonymous with impromptu. See impromptu for additional analysis on how and when to use each word. / extemporaneus, from Latin ex (out of) + tempore (time); so when you are out of time you improvise your speech, make it impromptu"

insipid

"(adj) Dull, stale, lacking taste or interest / food or drink that is insipid does not have much taste [= bland]: ""Canned coffees taste either harsh or insipid."" / not interesting, exciting, or attractive: ""insipid commercials"" // ""Her insipid sales presentation had no impact on the client and certainly didn't raise our bottom line. (lackluster, insignificant)""; ""Even the famous actor couldn't help the ratings of the insipid TV show. (boring, lifeless, banal)""; ""The meal was bland and insipid; a simple pizza would have been more tasty. (bland, tasteless, flavorless)""; ""The insipid dialogue and lack of character development in the movie didn't give me any reason to care about the outcome of the plot. (unimaginative, banal, boring)"" --> Insipid is derived from the Latin insipidus, ""tasteless."" This meaning of having no flavor has translated beyond food, to anything that seems bland, flat, or uninteresting. For a memory trick, think of the root word sip and how you like to sip and savor something with great taste. Then add the negative in-, ""not"" and think of something insipid as something you would not like to sip or savor because it has no flavor. Insipid is synonymous with vapid, which means flat and lacking flavor. See additional analysis at vapid. To describe something as insipid is a strong critique. Insipid is related to the word banal. Something insipid is boring because it lacks flavor, spice, and excitement--it's just dull. Banal describes something boring and dull because it's been done before and has no originality. Hackneyed is used to refer to anything dull and unimaginative because of overuse. Trite is used primarily to describe something overused, something that has been used and done so much that it is now uninteresting and unoriginal. Banal is primarily dull and lacking originality, but also overused. If something is both dull and overdone, use hackneyed to describe it. If something is primarily overdone, use trite to describe it, and if something is simply dull and unoriginal, use banal to describe it."

inordinate

"(adj) Excessive, not within proper limits, unrestrained [aşırı, ölçüsüz, gereğinden çok] / far more than you would reasonably or normally expect [= excessive]: ""Testing is taking up an inordinate amount of teachers' time.""; ""She's inordinately fond(düşkün, sever) of her parrot.""; ""Because she was excited about the prom, she spent an inordinate amount of time picking out a dress. (excessive)""; ""The flight was delayed, so we spent an inordinate amount of time at airport gift shops. (outrageous)""; ""There was an inordinate amount of champagne served at the wedding, and everyone got pretty tipsy(çakırkeyif). (excessive, superfluous)""; ""I waited around for an inordinate amount of time, and he finally showed up two hours late. (outrageous, excessive)"" --> Inordinate comes from the Latin inordinatus, "not orderly, out of order" from, ordo, "order" and in-, ""not."" Think of the related adjective ordinary, as it means ""usual."" Something inordinate is beyond what is considered usual and is excessive."

prolix

"(adj) Excessively long and wordy (of a person, piece of writing, etc.) / a prolix piece of writing has too many words and is boring: ""Narrative is a part of traditional modern dance, but the storytelling here was unclear and prolix.""; ""Though frequently prolix and rhetorical, he is never tedious or irrelevant."" --> Prol-ex = Prolonged Exaggeration which somewhat means speaking at a great length"

fastidious

"(adj) Excessively particular, difficult to please; painstaking, meticulous, requiring excessive attention to detail / very careful about small details in your appearance, work etc [= meticulous]: ""A cat is a fastidious animal that washes itself frequently.""; ""The man's fastidious attention to detail and focus made him an excellent technical writer. (exacting, meticulous)""; ""I didn't realize he was so fastidious until we went out to dinner and he sent his meal back three times. (particular, demanding)""; ""I wouldn't characterize him as obsessive compulsive, but he does tend to be fastidious. (exacting, meticulous)""; "" I'm lucky because I have a fastidious wife who organizes my closet and keeps the house sparkling clean. (meticulous, detail-oriented)"" --> Fastidious is used to describe two types of people: Those who have a meticulous attention to detail and demand perfection and those who are very picky in what they like (especially food) and are disdainful(küçümseyen, alaycı) in their rejection of anything that does not satisfy their standards or tastes. A person who is painstaking(titiz, itinalı) in his or her attention to detail and is generally particular about things being in clean and in their place is fastidious. A chemist would need to be fastidious in her work. A person of royalty would have the power to be critical and excessively difficult to please, and so could be fastidious in the same sense that a fussy child could be a fastidious eater. / If your boss is a demanding and meticulous person he may not leave you time to eat. Hence you have to fast and 'fasting is tedious(usandırıcı)'. So your boss is fastidious."

maudlin

"(adj) Excessively sentimental, showing sadness or some other emotion in a foolish or silly way / talking or behaving in a sad, silly, and emotional way, especially when drunk: get/grow/become maudlin: ""Sir Ralph was becoming maudlin after his third glass of claret.""; ""His mood was an explosive mixture of maudlin self-pity and forced gaiety, the latter predominating as he got drunker."" / a maudlin song, story, film etc tries too hard to make people feel emotions such as love or sadness and seems silly: ""a song that is tender without being maudlin"" // ""She was embarrassed by the maudlin show of affection he put on after having had a few drinks. (sentimental, gushing)""; ""Some people are angry drunks, while others become sappy and maudlin. (sentimental, overemotional)""; ""The teenager's maudlin expressions of sorrow over the breakup with her first boyfriend were highly dramatic. (sentimental, overemotional)""; ""That movie was so maudlin, I wish I had a nickel for every time one of the characters cried or said something sappy. (sappy, sentimental)"" --> Maudlin was formed from the name of Mary Magdalene, who was often depicted crying with sorrow for her sins. Maudlin can refer to such excessive emotion that it seems insincere. / Maudlin 'Mary Magdalen' (14-16 centuries), from Old French Madeleine, from Latin Magdalena; because she was shown in pictures as crying / when she received a call from the MODELLING company for her appointment, she became EXCESSIVELY SENTIMENTAL and wept a lot. Her dream had come true."

quixotic

"(adj) Extremely impractical but very romantic, chivalrous, or idealistic; impulsive / extremely chivalrous; motivated by idealism that is imaginative but not really practical; having an idealistic or romanticized view of life / quixotic ideas or plans are not practical and are based on unreasonable hopes of improving the world: ""This is a vast, exciting, and perhaps quixotic project.""; ""He began a quixotic search for the mother who abandoned him.""; ""It was a quixotic idea, but not completely far-fetched. (impractical, wacky)""; ""He was a quixotic man who always opened the door for women. (chivalrous, romantic)""; ""He had a grand and quixotic plan for their first date, but it was impractical, so he had to settle for a simple dinner date. (romantic, unrealistic)""; ""The young man's quixotic plan of the perfect way to propose to his girlfriend proved to be too difficult to execute. (idealistic, impractical, romantic)"" --> Quixotic came from the character of Don Quixote, who was romantic and impractical. Use quixotic to describe ideals or plans that are lofty, unrealistic, far fetched, and often done to impress someone romantically. / quixotic== quick + exotic, if you desire something exotic to happen quickly in your life it is just a daydream, extremely impractical."

propitious

"(adj) Favorable, giving good signs for the future, likely to work out; kind or forgiving / good and likely to bring good results: ""a propitious moment""; propitious for: ""Conditions after the 1905 revolution were propitious for stable development.""; ""The most propitious time for an attack was lost.""; ""During the next few weeks my fortunes took a more propitious turn.""; ""I continued, taking advantage of this propitious moment to ask."" --> sounds like auspicious...meaning favourable / "

truculent

"(adj) Fierce, cruel, savage; belligerent / bad-tempered and always willing to argue with people: ""The National Assembly was being truculent over the budget proposals.""; ""Mr Sylvester, regarding Nails, would have described him as truculent and downright unattractive.""; ""Managers of existing systems reacted to these proposals with truculent hostility.""; ""Bob was a truculent man who didn't like following rules and would fight people who tried to tell him what to do. (fierce, violent, belligerent)""; ""When the irate man purposely broke a chair, his truculent behavior had to be addressed. (belligerent, violent, aggressive)""; ""The truculent nation is refusing to abide by the United Nations security resolution. (fierce, combative, defiant)""; ""Because of his truculent personality, he has been in several fights recently. (defiant, combative)"" --> Truculent is derived from the Latin truculentus, which means ""fierce, like a savage."" Truculent is often used to refer to aggressive and fierce behavior. When using the word truculent to describe aggressive behavior, there is an element of defiance, like with a savage animal that refuses to be domesticated or controlled. There is also a sense of belligerence and wanting to fight or argue. For a memory trick, note how truculent sounds like ""truck you lent."" Now, imagine you lent your truck to a person you just met and shortly thereafter, you learned he was truculent. When you ask him to return the ""truck you lent,"" he is truculent and angrily refuses to return the truck. When you try to run after him, he tries to run you over because he is truly truculent and refuses your request, and even tries to harm you."

lissome

"(adj) Flexible, supple, agile [kıvrak çevik atik] / a body that is lissom is thin and graceful [= lithe: having a body that moves easily and gracefully:]: ""It showed her long, lissome form to great advantage.""; ""Their show had plenty of comedy vigor and musical vivacity to both of which a lissome chorus contributed generously."" --> Liz is some good ballerina, agile and have a body that moves easily"

fatuous

"(adj) Foolish, silly, esp. in a smug or complacent manner / very silly or stupid [= idiotic]: ""Hesitating, Eline pushed open the door, it seemed fatuous to knock, a foolish act of politeness in the circumstances.""; ""In the animated movie ""Beauty and the Beast,"" there is a fatuous character, Gaston, who brags(böbürlenmek) incessantly about his meaningless exploits(başarı, serüven) and falsely assumes he is superior to everyone. (imbecile, ludicrous, foolish)""; ""Your hopes of manning(man:to operate) a space shuttle are fatuous; you don't even have a college degree. (delusive, unreal)""; ""I couldn't believe his fatuous statement to the press; he must either be deranged(dengesiz) or the stupidest person I've ever seen. (asinine(saçma,aptalca), ludicrous)""; ""He is not very smart and is known for making fatuous comments before thinking them through. (asinine, ridiculous)"" --> Fatuous describes a lack of awareness of how stupid one's comments or actions are. In the second meaning, a fatuous person may be deluded by some idea or hope. / '*******' people are usually foolish and stupid and they are not aware of that."

fecund

"(adj) Fruitful, fertile; capable of abundantly producing offspring, vegetation, or creative or intellectual work / able to produce many children, young animals, or crops [= fertile]: ""fecund agricultural land""; ""Certain questions were asked only of currently married fecund women.""; ""The author developed fecund narratives for his first novel while working in a greenhouse. (creative, prolific)""; ""The California Condor has not proved to be a fecund species for the zoologists at the Wild Animal Park. (fertile)""; ""It was a fecund meeting that produced several new ideas for how to improve our program. (productive, fruitful, creative)""; ""Many people feel that meditation creates a fecund atmosphere that enables them to think of completely original ideas. (creative, fertile, productive)"" --> To remember the word fecund, think ""fruitful."" It's more formal description for land that produces a lot of vegetation. People who are very imaginative and produce a lot of creative works may be described as fecund. Intellectual productivity, or fecundity, is fertility of the mind. / Sounds like ""****"" ""AND"". You **** and You are able to produce an offspring (no offence) / fecund-- simmilar to ""fe-male"" + ""****"" --produces offspring, fertile"

orotund

"(adj) Full, rich, and clear (of the voice or speaking); pompous, bombastic / Full in sound; sonorous // ""The auditors will make orotund proclamations that they are merely providing a valuable service to their clients."" --> tantanalı; dolgun ve berrak sesli / kaptan havalı bir şekilde bakıp dolgun ve berrak bir sesle ""o rota tamdır, başka şeye ihtiyaç yok"" dedi, fiyakalı cümleler kuruyordu"

droll

"(adj) Funny in an odd way / amusing in an unusual way: ""Mrs Fanning rolled her hips in a droll way like some one trying to keep up a Hula-Hoop.""; ""He has a droll sense of humor and always catches me off guard with his wry remarks. (wry, waggish)""; ""The actor who played the clown was a droll little man. (amusing, odd)""; ""The gift wasn't meant to be serious; I bought it because it was droll. (comical, whimsical)""; ""The child amused us with droll comedy sketches. (comical, amusing)"" --> The word droll describes something humorous, though not necessarily laugh-out-loud funny. It's a more sophisticated way of saying ""amusing"" and is often used in an almost condescending way. To help you remember the word droll, think of a very snobby(züppe) person looking at a troll doll, and in a snooty way saying, ""Oh my, isn't that a droll (amusing) little doll."""

livid

"(adj) Furiously angry, enraged / extremely angry [= furious]: ""She was absolutely livid that he had lied.""; "" 'Was she angry when you arrived so late?' 'She was livid!' ""; ""I know I shouldn't have spoken to Suzanne like that, but I was absolutely livid.""; ""I was so livid I just ripped up the letter."" / a mark on your skin that is livid is dark blue and grey[morarmış,mosmor]: ""livid bruises""; ""A livid bruise welled on her cheek where Matchsticks had struck her.""; ""His face was livid and bloody."" / a face that is livid is very pale or ashen // ""After her bicycle crash, her skin was livid with bruises for several weeks. (black-and-blue, bruised)""; ""With his expectant wife in the delivery room, the soon-to-be father looked quite livid and unsteady. (pale, ashen, pallid)""; ""When her boss once again took credit for all of the work Kim had done, she was absolutely livid. (furious, enraged)""; ""I was livid when I found out that he had been telling lies about me. (enraged, incensed)"" --> Most of livid's uses have something to do with trauma and strong emotions. A bruise and its discoloration arise from physical trauma. A pale, ashen complexion may follow an emotional shock or trauma. Extreme anger may also arise in response to some sort of unhappy circumstance and is a strong emotion. / =LIVE+VIDEO: The officer was ENRAGED WITH ANGER when he was caught taking bribe on LIVE VIDEO. he hit the driver with his cop(jop) and made a bruise"

tawdry

"(adj) Gaudy, cheap or cheap-looking; indecent [] / cheaply and badly made: ""tawdry jewellery and fake furs"" / showing low moral standards; mean-spirited and lacking in human decency: ""a tawdry tale of lies and deception"" // ""Everywhere you looked in this hour-long special, there was some tawdry scene being enacted.""; ""His apartment was a tasteful disappointment, clashing with his tawdry appearance.""; ""The more wonderful the means of communication, the more trivial, tawdry, or depressing its contents seemed to be.""; ""Her tawdry outfit was in bad taste for the occasion. (glitzy, showy, tacky)""; ""She had a tawdry affair with her boss. (sleazy, cheap, shameful)""; ""The politician had an affair while in office, and consequently, found it difficult to escape his tawdry past. (shameful)""; ""Amy thought it was fun to dress in as tawdry a manner as possible on Halloween, because nothing seems too tacky on that night. (flashy, gaudy, glitzy, tacky)"" --> Think, gaudy (showy) and tacky. Tawdry is used to describe things that are showy but cheap. Tawdry is also frequently used to describe things that are indecent, such as a ""tawdry affair."" Tawdry was first used to describe a gaudy, yet poor quality lace sold at Saint Audrey's fair in England. If you say Saint Audery lace really fast it sounds like tawdry lace. Tawdry has been used to describe gaudy yet poor quality clothing ever since. / adi, zevksiz, cafcaflı / THAW+DRY= the whole value and precious of the ice looking diamond THAW DRY. Because it was not real, but a cheap and badly made one."

munificent

"(adj) Generous, giving liberally / very generous: ""In the political field he supplied munificent financial support to the Liberal Party and its numerous causes.""; ""Kind and munificent, they donate much of their time and money to charity. (generous, charitable)""; ""Mother Theresa said she was inspired by the munificence of Jesus. (generosity, benevolence) noun""; ""Such a munificent gift had never before been given to the University. (generous)""; ""It is a munificent gift, but a far too generous one for me to accept. (generous, magnanimous)"" --> Munificent is a formal word, meaning ""very generous."" It has its origins in the Latin word munus, ""gift or service."" Munificent rhymes with magnificent, so think of a magnificent gift. Someone who gives you this gift is munificent. Its noun form is munificence, which means ""great generosity or magnanimity."" / money+sufficient-when a person has sufficient money he is very generous"

unsparing

"(adj) Generous, lavish (as in not sparing any help or gifts to others)(spare:esirgemek) [cömert,esirgemeyen,bol] / unmerciful, harsh (as in not sparing any criticism)[sert,acımasız, amansız]: ""The violence is unsparing, unprecedented and reaching frightening proportions.""; ""The reformers were determined to spread literacy to every strata of society and were unsparing in their critique.""; ""The explanation was brief and vivid and unsparing with regard to my lack of concern or feeling.""; ""He should yield to neither hatred nor affection, but should be unsparing and unpitying."" --> spare: bağışlamak- as in 'spare his life', you used mercy here; so unsparing is unmerciful and harsh"

querulous

"(adj) Given to complaining, grumbling / someone who is querulous complains about things in an annoying way: "" 'But why can't I go?' he said in a querulous voice.""; ""The querulous woman drove her boyfriend crazy with her constant nagging. (whiny, critical)""; ""The garden party was praised by even the most querulous of her friends. (critical)""; ""When the little boy wanted to leave the mall and go home, he became querulous. (petulant, whiny)""; ""Being around querulous people puts me in a bad mood. (grouchy, irritable, whiny)"" --> Querulous is derived from the Latin querulus, which means ""full of complaints."" A querulous person is constantly complaining and finding faults with things. It may be helpful to think of the phonetically similar word quarrel, which means ""fight."" A querulous person could easily start a lot of quarrels. / querral+garrulous = he is garrulous and makes querrals, he was 'complaining about everything annoyingly'"

morose

"(adj) Gloomy, sullen / bad-tempered, unhappy, and silent: ""Daniel seems very morose and gloomy.""; ""He stared morosely at the floor.""; ""Frank was sitting alone at the table, looking morose.""; ""Since the accident she's been morose and moody.""; ""Some people become morose and depressed when they first retire.""; ""A quiet, morose man, he was never close to anyone. (sullen, depressed)""; ""She could tell by his morose expression that he was unwilling to speak with her. (sulky, moody)""; ""She always seems so sad and morose. (depressed, moody)""; ""His morose attitude toward life did not make him popular with his peers. (sullen, melancholy)"" --> Morose can refer to a specific gloomy mood, but it more often refers to someone who is unhappy and sullen in general. Morose is related to sullen(somurtkan). When you refuse to speak to or acknowledge someone because you are irritated or in a bad mood, you're being sullen. Morose refers more to being withdrawn, depressed, bitter and gloomy. For a memory trick, note how morose sounds like ""more rose"" or ""no rose."" Now, think of providing someone with ""more roses"" to cheer them up if they are morose. Or consider that someone who is morose may have received ""no roses"" in his or her life and that is why they are morose. / her face was rose color because she is unhappy and gloomy. you give more roses to cheer her up"

lurid

"(adj) Gruesome(korkunç,tüyler ürpertici) or excessively vivid; sensational, shocking, unrestrained [parlak,dehşet verici,akılda kalıcı,soluk(yüz)] / shining or glowing with an unnatural, usually red, brightness; extremely pale / a description, story etc that is lurid is deliberately shocking and involves sex or violence [= explicit]: ""He told me in lurid detail what would happen to me.""; ""The injury done on that October night in Lambeth was certainly a lurid reminder of the reality of extremist campaigning."" / too brightly coloured [= gaudy]: ""The carpets were a lurid shade of green.""; ""For good measure, he had added a lurid red moon opposite it."" // ""I wasn't interested in hearing about all the lurid details of the celebrity murder. (gruesome, shocking, gory)""; ""The victim's lurid complexion reflected the trauma he had been through. (pale, pallid, ashen)""; ""The film has an ""R"" rating because of several lurid scenes. (graphic, shocking)""; ""During last October's forest fires, the sun took on a lurid appearance as it shone through the smoke and ash in the air. (fiery, intense, glowing red)"" --> Lurid comes from the Latin luridus, which means ""yellow, sallow, or sickly."" Its meaning of ""shocking or horrifying"" may have come from the idea that a person's extremely ashen or ghastly complexion shocked or horrified others. When something is horrifying, it also becomes sensational, thus, lurid also came to describe anything shockingly sensational. You may have heard someone say ""lurid details."" This refers to the sensationalized and graphic details, and usually the details are about sex or violence. Lurid can also refer to unnatural, usually red, brightness. Think of red being the color of blood, and thus, violence. To remember the contrasting definitions of ""fiery red"" and ""ghastly pale,"" think of the lurid (glowing, red) blood draining from someone's face to make his or her complexion lurid (pale, ashen) because the person saw something lurid (shocking, gruesome). / lurid..concentrate on de last 4 letters-ur+id. - so if someone attacks you and takes UR ID, you become horrified and it becomes a vivid, shocking and sensational story for you. Hence you become pale out of horry."

fortuitous

"(adj) Happening by chance; lucky / happening by chance, especially in a way that has a good result: ""The meeting with Jack was fortuitous.""; ""A fortuitous fire destroyed all evidence of his wrongdoing.""; ""Our profits were increased by a fortuitous and unexpected drop in the cost of raw materials. (lucky, serendipitous)""; ""The early completion of the new hotel proved fortuitous, as several colleges had scheduled their spring breaks for the week of its grand opening. (lucky, serendipitous)""; ""The unexpected demise of our largest competitor was a fortuitous boon to our quarterly sales. (lucky, fortunate)""; ""The unusually hot summer proved fortuitous for the manufacturer of portable air conditioners. (lucky, fortunate)"" --> Although the original sense of the word fortuitous was ""by chance"" or ""accidental,"" it makes sense that it should mean ""by happy or lucky chance,"" because it originates from the Latin fors, ""luck."" Fortuitous is synonymous with serendipitous--both words relate to unforeseen luck or fortune that a person accidentally encounters. Fortuitous is a better adjective, while serendipity is a better noun to use in the context of lucky accidents. / equivalent to fortune............. fortune isn't destined to occur it is accidental"

discordant

"(adj) Harsh or inharmonious in sound; disagreeing, incongruous: ""Strange discordant music emanated from the woods.""; ""The two experiments gave us discordant results.""; ""The authorities on the issue are discordant."""

invidious

"(adj) Hateful, offensive, injurious [gücendirici, kıskandırıcı, haksız] / Tending to rouse ill will, animosity, or resentment; offensive and unfair / unpleasant, especially because it is likely to offend people or make you unpopular: ""By innocently lying to detectives, she'd put herself in an invidious position.""; ""The ruling may create an invidious distinction in the way the courts treat the rich and the poor.""; ""It is perhaps invidious to criticize such an ambitious and fundamentally valuable undertaking as this on these grounds.""; ""So it seems particularly invidious to encourage the use of other smokable drugs, such as cannabis.""; ""The budget question is the most invidious issue in our company right now.""; ""The professor invidiously compared the two students right in front of their peers!"" --> Invidious refers to an action or a situation that will produce a feeling of resentment in others. / invidiosus, from invidia 'envy' / invidious=ENVY+VIDEOS - when professor was showing videos of succesful students it roused envy in a student. he had a feeling of resentment"

mannered

"(adj) Having a particular manner, esp. an artificial one [yapmacık] / well-mannered[terbiyeli]/bad-mannered etc: polite, impolite etc in the way you behave in social situations: ""He is the most well-mannered, well-behaved boy I know.""; ""He had the power of his profession but was mild mannered and sincere by nature."" / behaviour, speech, or writing that is mannered is not natural and is intended to make people admire you - used in order to show disapproval: ""Hickstone gave a very mannered performance in the lead role.""; ""And Moore, although mannered, builds just enough credibility to click in her role.""; ""In contrast to Roberts, Henriksen is magnetic without being mannered.""; ""Jennings had a nervous habit of eating paper and a mannered way of sucking on sugar cubes."" --> when this word is used with well- or bad- it kind of enhances the meaning. But other than that it means behaving in an artificial and pretentious way. / man in red is ""not natural, pretentious and artificial"""

resurgent

"(adj) Having a revival, renewing, rising or surging again / growing and becoming more popular, after a period of quietness [SYN: rising, revived, reviving, surging]: ""After opening with moderate weakness, the industrial average led a resurgent move by economically sensitive stocks.""; ""Many observers are worried that a resurgent interest in local cultures must inevitably lead to xenophobia and ultra-nationalist sentiment.""; ""Since history repeats itself, long forgotten ideas are bound to be resurgent at some point. (revived)""; ""Although it never really goes away, nationalism seems to be resurgent during election years. (revived, surging)""; ""After a difficult year, her happiness seemed to finally be resurgent. (rising, reviving)""; ""The students displayed a resurgence of interest in their studies after the winter break. (renewal, rise) noun"" --> Resurgent is the descriptive term used to convey the resurrection of an ideal or interest in something. It can also describe a company or organization back on the rise. Resurgent is related to the noun resurgence, which means ""renewal, revival, or resurrection."" / yeniden dirilen, yeniden ortaya çıkan / re(again)+surgent(surgeon) - after a quiet period, he became a surgeon again. it was his revive, and rise again"

pungent

"(adj) Having a sharp taste or smell; biting, stimulating, sharp / having a strong taste or smell: pungent smell/aroma/odour etc: ""Pungent diesel fumes poured from the back of the truck.""; ""Garlic has a pungent aroma.""; ""the pungent smell of onions"" / pungent speech or writing is clever and direct, and usually criticizes someone or something strongly: ""Borsky made several pungent comments about the government.""; ""The rider delivered some loud, bitter and pungent comments, and people shook their heads at the girl."" // ""The pungent smells from the Korean restaurant permeated the neighborhood. (spicy, sharp)""; ""The politician used pungent commentary when referring to his opponent. (biting, bitter)""; ""If the barbecue sauce lacks pungency, add some onions and mustard. (strength, tanginess) noun""; ""On of my favorite dishes is sweet and pungent shrimp. (tangy, spicy)"" --> Pungent is derived from the Latin pungere, which means ""to pierce, prick, or sting."" Think of a very strong flavor that is tart and biting, almost pricking or ""puncturing"" the tongue. The related noun pungency refers to a strong or tangy odor or taste or humor with a biting quality. The word poignant also comes from the same Latin root word and is used to refer to sharp, piercing emotions, speech, and sometimes taste and smell. Pungent is more often used to describe taste or smell, while poignant is more often used to describe emotions. / keskin kokulu, sert, acı;; (davranış,söz,yazı,vb.) sert, iğneleyici / pungent= pinch it (cimciklemek) so it gives sharp taste smell, and if you have strong remarks you can pinch it with your speech "

prescient

"(adj) Having foreknowledge or foresight, seeing the future / able to imagine or know what will happen in the future: ""In the wake of the Los Angeles riots, it would be foolish to ignore Galbraith's prescient warnings.""; ""That he insisted I drive him showed that my decision not to keep the jeep with me was prescient.""; ""In 2006, Sterling published an entire cookbook on hummus—and that turned out to be a prescient publication.""; ""They did not set a timetable on their prescient observations.""; ""Similarly, if you have enough forecasters making enough judgment calls, a few of them are bound to look spectacularly prescient."" --> prescient means pre+event i.e. pre knowledge of event / Someone who receives imPRESSIONs about future. / the oracle was able to know the future only under 'pressure and' then he would know. he was a hillarious oracle, like a movie character."

perspicacious

"(adj) Having penetrating insight or good discernment / good at judging and understanding people and situations [= perceptive, sagacious]: ""Doug, that was both a perspicacious and hilarious comment.""; ""Indeed, perspicacious geographers have always been troubled by this division."" --> he has a SPACIOUS PERSPECTİVE / anlayışlı, kavrayışlı, zekalı"

magnanimous

"(adj) High-minded, noble, lofty; generous in forgiving others, free of resentment [yüce gönüllü,asil ruhlu,bağışlayıcı] / kind and generous, especially to someone that you have defeated: ""It was a magnanimous gesture on their part.""; ""Mr Clinton is likely to be magnanimous in his attitude to Mr Major.""; ""Mrs Aquino now has to decide whether she should be magnanimous in victory or punish those behind the mutiny.""; ""The magnanimous general showed respect even to those he had conquered. (forgiving, noble)""; ""The losing candidate displayed great magnanimity in ultimately lending his support to the winner. (graciousness, generosity) noun""; ""It was a magnanimous gesture for the CEO to take a pay-cut to avoid layoffs. (gracious, noble)""; ""It was magnanimous of her to forgive my huge mistake. (big-hearted, gracious)"" --> Magnanimous is derived from the Latin magnanimus, originally from magnus, ""great"" and animus, ""spirit, soul, or mind."" Think of someone who is magnanimous because he or she possesses a great mind and spirit. The noun magnanimity refers to generosity of spirit. Magnanimous describes people who are generous in overlooking injury or insult and being high-minded and unselfish: ""Forgiving her friend for betraying her was a very magnanimous gesture."" Magnanimous also refers to people who are ""good winners."" For example: ""The coach taught his players to be magnanimous in their victories as well as their defeats and to always compliment the play of their opponents."""

inimical

"(adj) Hostile, adverse, harmful / making it difficult for something to exist or happen: ""a cold, inimical climate""; ""conditions inimical to development""; ""His smoking habit was inimical to the baby's health. (harmful, injurious)""; ""The professor's inimical teaching style scared the students in the class. (unfriendly, hostile)""; ""Her inimical behavior toward those around her caused strong feelings of dislike in her coworkers. (antagonistic, unfriendly)""; ""Your constant nagging and micro-managing is inimical to my job satisfaction. (adverse, unfavorable, harmful)"" --> Inimical is derived from the Latin inimicus, which means ""unfriendly"" or ""an enemy."" Something or someone inimical is hostile, like an enemy. Inimical is the opposite of amicable, which means ""friendly."" / adamlara karşı o kadar 'düşman, karşıt ve zararlısın' ki adamlar gitti burdan. hani ? 'ini mi kaldı' adamların? toplanıp gittiler."

steeped

"(adj) Immersed (in), saturated (with) / soaked in a liquid / fully engrossed / filled with: ""We hired the accounting firm because everyone on the team was steeped in accounting knowledge and experience. (full of)""; ""After I finished studying for the Bar exam, I felt as if my brain was steeped with legal facts and knowledge. (filled, drenched, soaked)""; ""The team was steeped in pride when it won its first championship. (filled with)""; ""The directions say to steep the tea bag in boiling water for 4 to 5 minutes. (submerge) verb""; ""As a child, Tucson physician Lewis Mehl-Madrona was steeped in the traditional healing practices of his Cherokee grandmother.""; ""In fact, this was 1956: I was steeped in developing short story writing and interests that went with that.""; ""They brought with them a heritage and culture that is steeped in history and literature."" --> Steeped literally means ""soaked in liquid."" Steeped is often used in business to describe a person who is full of experience. You may hear the verb steep used in the context of steeping a bag of tea in water. Steeped is similar in meaning to saturated and sodden, sodden means very wet and heavy. / while climbing STEEP slopes you get SOAKED OR SATURATED / steep~weep ; when you weep your cheeks steep"

impermeable

"(adj) Impassable, not allowing passage through (such as by a liquid) / not allowing liquids or gases to pass through [? permeable]: ""No paint is impermeable to water vapour.""; ""The layer of clay acts as an impermeable barrier against some chemicals."""

impervious

"(adj) Impenetrable, not able to be harmed or emotionally disturbed / not affected or influenced by something and seeming not to notice it: impervious to: ""His ego was impervious to self-doubt.""; ""How could I have been so thick-headed, I wonder now, so impervious?""; ""She was amazed at how little he wore and how impervious he was to the cold."" / not allowing anything to enter or pass through: ""impervious volcanic rock""; ""materials that are impervious to water"" // ""The candidate seemed impervious to their attacks, maintaining popularity despite the negative campaign ads being run against her. (resistant, invulnerable)""; ""George seemed impervious to pain as he hiked down the mountain with a sprained ankle. (resistant, not vulnerable)""; ""He seemed to be impervious to the criticism made against him and continued with his same modus operendi(hareket tarzı). (impenetrable, resistant)""; ""My thermal blanket forms an impervious shield from the cold and enables me to sleep warmly through the night. (impenetrable, impermeable)"" --> Impervious includes the root word pervious which stems from Latin per, ""through"" and via, ""way."" When you add the negative im-, ""not"" to pervious, impervious becomes an adjective that describes anything that does NOT let something else get through, be it criticism, pain, or rain. / Pervez Musharraf is criticized by many people but not affected. He says ""i m pervez(pervez musharraf)""...no matter what you say, how you criticize, i won't be affected!!"

normative

"(adj) Implying or attempting to establish a norm; expressing value judgments or telling people what to do (rather than merely describing that which is happening) / describing or establishing a set of rules or standards of behaviour: ""normative guidelines for senators""; ""Christians may hold very different positions as to how far it is normative.""; ""Political theory is the source of many of the normative knowledge claims produced by political scientists.""; ""The position that you select is an element of your normative political knowledge-your value judgments."" --> örnek oluşturan; normal; kuralsal"

nontrivial

"(adj) Important or big enough to matter / Not trivial; of some importance.; ""It doesn't cover the nontrivial number of students who complete college seven or more years after they start.""; ""Effective writing of that kind requires nontrivial skills."""

inert

"(adj) Inactive; having little or no power to move / not producing a chemical reaction when combined with other substances / not moving, or not having the strength or power to move: ""He lay, inert, in his bed."" / not willing to do anything: ""School officials remained inert on the issue of bullying."" // ""The real estate market seemed almost inert, having slowed down to a crawl. (idle, static)""; ""After running the marathon, she could only lounge on the sofa for the rest of the day, in an inert stage of exhaustion. (motionless)""; ""The chemist combined two inert elements to form one which was active. (not active, static, dormant)""; ""I was riding my bike so fast that when I tried to stop, inertia kept my bike skidding forward for several feet. (force of motion) noun"" --> Inert is derived from the Latin inert, which means ""having no skill."" The underlying meaning is that of uselessness. Inert describes things which lack usefulness and energy. The related noun inertia refers to the state of not moving or resistance to change. Inertia is also the physical force which keeps something still in place and something moving in motion. For a memory trick, note how inert sounds like ""in earth."" Now imagine being stuck in earth (dirt, ground) and not being able to move; you would be inert (motionless, inactive, sluggish) if you were stuck in earth."

infallible

"(adj) Incapable of error; certain / always right and never making mistakes [? fallible]: ""No expert is infallible.""; ""Banks claim their cash-dispensing computers are infallible.""; ""Computer spell checkers are useful but far from infallible.""; ""DNA testing is an almost infallible method of identification.""; ""Having been divorced three times, Aden admits he's far from infallible.""; ""Juries are not infallible. Innocent people are convicted, and guilty people go free.""; ""There is no infallible way of predicting exactly what the weather will be like.""; ""Many of today's superstar athletes are perceived as infallible by their fans. (incapable of error)""; ""He had a perfect game today; he was infallible. (perfect)""; ""Even the best economists make bad predictions, as no one is infallible when it comes to trying to forecast the economy. (perfect, reliable)""; ""While giving his presentation, he was 'in the zone' and was absolutely infallible. (perfect, incapable of making a mistake)"" --> Infallible is derived from the Latin in-, ""not,"" and fallibilis, ""liable to err, deceitful."" Infallible is really a more sophisticated way of saying ""perfect and incapable of mistakes."" Infallible is usually used to point out that nobody is perfect: ""Do you know anyone who is infallible (perfect, incapable of making a mistake or error)?"" / IN(not)+FALL+able...A person who doesn't fall is a person who doesn't make mistakes.... / Do not fall into errors"

insensible

"(adj) Incapable of feeling; unconscious, unaware / not knowing about something that could happen to you [= unaware]: insensible of: ""She remained insensible of the dangers that lay ahead."" / unable to feel something or be affected by it: insensible to/of: ""insensible to the cold"" / not conscious: ""He fell to the ground, insensible."""

irascible

"(adj) Irritable, easily angered / easily becoming angry: ""Alicia Silverstone plays an irascible rich girl who stages her own kidnapping to get attention from daddy.""; ""He dashed about her, solicitous but irascible.""; ""He was irascible, hard-cussing, for ever landing in trouble.""; ""He was recognised to be highly jealous and irascible.""; ""Rush-hour traffic always made her irascible and unfriendly, but a cup of tea, once at the office, helped calm her. (irritable, testy)""; ""Her employer's irascible response made her wonder if he was mad at her or just in a bad mood. (testy, angry)""; ""The irascible man had been arrested for starting fights several times. (belligerent)""; ""His irascible behavior that morning made me afraid of angering him further, that afternoon. (cross, angry)"" --> Irascible is derived from the Latin irasci, which means ""to grow angry."" Irascible describes someone who grows angry very easily. Think also of the related adjective irate, which means ""very angry."" Irascible people are irate a lot of the time. Irascible is a more sophisticated way of saying irritable. Irascible is similar in meaning and use to petulant and belligerent: Use irascible to describe someone who gets angry easily, use petulant to describe someone who gets annoyed and complains easily (usually in a childish way), and use belligerent to describe someone who is easily provoked to fight. For a memory trick, note that irascible sounds like ""harass a bull."" Now, consider that you would not want to irritate a bull and you certainly would not want to ""harass a bull,"" especially an irascible (easily angered) bull. Bulls are known to be quite irascible (easily irritated)."

peripatetic

"(adj) Journeying from place to place; traveling on foot / travelling from place to place, especially in order to do your job: ""a peripatetic music teacher""; ""peripatetic priests who ministered to several villages""; ""a peripatetic lifestyle""; ""Can you take the peripatetic lifestyle that many entrepreneurs find so essential?"" --> in his youngster, his life was travelling from place to place; he was on the periphery in a pathetic condition"

puerile

"(adj) Juvenile, immature / silly and stupid [= childish]: ""a puerile joke""; ""An apparently astonishing claim, and a puerile one too, but true none the less.""; ""I have devoted myself to knowledge, while you prefer puerile things like prose, rhythm and metre.""; ""It is true that one can scan a whole evening's programmes and find only puerile junk on every channel.""; ""What a puerile thing to say!"" --> PUERILE=PURE+CHILD. A child is always silly and immature so puerile means childish."

perennial

"(adj) Lasting through the years or indefinitely, enduring; recurring / continuing or existing for a long time, or happening again and again: ""Lack of resources has been a perennial problem since the beginning.""; ""Teddy bears are a perennial favorite with children.""; ""High unemployment rates are a perennial problem in several European countries.""; ""Mickey Mouse remains a perennial favorite.""; ""Severe and unpredictable weather is a perennial danger for mountain climbers.""; ""We seem to have a perennial problem when it comes to having enough money set aside for Christmas presents. (recurrent, constant)""; ""His perennial happiness made everyone around him a bit more cheery and optimistic. (enduring, constant)""; ""I'm planning on planting some perennial plants in my garden so I can enjoy their flowers year after year. (recurrent, long-lasting, seasonal)""; "" ""The Grinch"" is a perennial favorite among plays during the Christmas season. (recurrent, enduring)"" --> perennis, from per- 'through' + annus 'year' / per annual / A plant that produces flowers year after year is referred to as a perennial. Thus, something described as perennial occurs again and again and is enduring."

lethargic

"(adj) Lazy, drowsy, or sluggish / feeling as if you have no energy and no interest in doing anything [= lazy]: ""The hot weather was making us all lethargic.""; ""Patients with depression may be lethargic during the day and unable to sleep at night.""; ""Problems at home were making Will feel lethargic.""; ""The spectacular play inspired his lethargic teammates to start playing harder.""; ""The star player had to be pulled from the game because he seemed too lethargic to help the team. (weak, slow)""; ""He was so lethargic from lack of sleep, it took him two minutes to answer the simple question in class. (sleepy, slow)""; ""Her lethargy caused her to fall asleep during the lecture. (tiredness) noun""; ""I was feeling so lethargic, even after a good night's sleep, that I went to see my doctor to find out what was wrong. (sluggish, drowsy, tired)"" --> Lethargic is derived from the Greek lethargos, which means ""forgetful and idle."" A lethargic person may seem forgetful and idle due to a lack of energy. Lethargic is more than being tired; it's being tired and therefore, not alert, dull minded. Your senses are dull and your ability to react both physically and mentally is impaired or hindered because you are tired. Lethargy is the state of being lethargic."

indolent

"(adj) Lazy, slothful(tembel, miskin, uyuşuk): ""Indolent and aggressive lymphomas are equally common in adults.""; ""It is the common fate of the indolent to see their rights become a prey to the active.""; ""It is the act of the indolent not to know what he may lawfully do."" --> indolens 'not feeling pain', from Latin dolere 'to feel pain' / out of dolore, so numb, person who is numb is lazy"

fallow

"(adj) Left unplanted (of land); not in use / fallow land is dug or ploughed but is not used for growing crops: ""They let the land lie fallow for a year.""; ""Surely we each agree that fallow or underused land is of no help to the economic situation."" / fallow period: a time when nothing is done or achieved: ""The band went through a fallow period in the late 90s.""; ""They've started producing films again after a two-year fallow period."" --> after plowing farmer fall+low(fallow) of money so, he left it without seeding(uncultivated)"

seraphic

"(adj) Like an angel; serene, spiritually carried off or transported [melek gibi] / having a sweet nature befitting an angel or cherub / extremely beautiful or pure, like an angel [SYN angelic]: ""By their fruits we shall know the peacemakers, not by the seraphic look on their faces.""; ""She has a seraphic look on her face.""; ""The butis accepted this new Inevitable with seraphic smiles.""; ""They saw her body lifted from the ground, and a seraphic expression in her uplifted face.""; ""Heaven opens on my eyes; my ears With sounds seraphic ring!""; ""I should love to be called seraphic, but no one will; I'm too full of original sin.""; ""The preface eulogizes the poet's spiritual nature and his "seraphic purpose of good." "" --> this word's noun form seraph is related to cherub which is an angel shown in works of art as a fat pretty child with small wings / serap güzel bir görünümdür genelde. Çöldeki biri serap görür ve bu bir melektir. seraphic de melek gibi demek"

sublime

"(adj) Lofty or elevated, inspiring reverence or awe; excellent, majestic; complete, utter / used to describe feelings or behaviour that are very great or extreme, especially when someone seems not to notice what is happening around them: ""I was amazed at his sublime insensitivity to other people's feelings."" / extremely enjoyable and wonderful; worthy of adoration: ""The almond cake is particularly sublime.""; ""Her songs are a sublime fusion of pop and Brazilian music."" / from the sublime to the ridiculous: used to say that a serious and important thing or event is being followed by something very silly, unimportant, or bad // ""This new flavor of ice cream is sublime; it's the best thing I've tasted in a long time. (great, super, enjoyable)""; ""The performances in the play ranged from the sublime to the ridiculous. (super, ideal, magnificent)""; ""Our vacation was a sublime getaway. (ideal, splendid, magnificent)""; ""The weather was sublime and perfect for a day at the beach. (glorious, ideal)"" --> Sublime is derived from the Latin sublimis, which means ""uplifted and high."" Think, ""supreme."" Sublime describes things that are uplifting, enjoyable, and supreme. Sublime is also used in science, as a verb. It means ""to change directly from a solid to a vapor, without liquefying."" Think, ""uplifting"" and use sublime to describe anything that is extremely, good, enjoyable, and beautiful. Sublime is a great adjective."

rarefied

"(adj) Lofty, very high up or elevated (in a metaphorical way); exclusive, select; thin, pure, or less dense (as air at the top of a mountain) / a rarefied place, organization, or type of activity is only available to or understood by a small group of people - used to show disapproval: ""Even in the rarefied world of foreign correspondents, Simon is a standout.""; ""The program helped talented people develop the rarefied skills of a Disney animator, and it became a fixture of the studio."" / rarefied air is the air in high places, which has less oxygen than usual: ""Upward-moving atmospheric waves could greatly heat a rarefied atmosphere.""; ""It was hard to breathe the cold, rarefied air in the mountains. (clean, thinned)"" --> To rarefy something means ""to purify"" or ""to cause it to be less dense."" This word is sometimes used in cooking when talking about thinning down a sauce or soup. When something is described as rarefied, it is purified or thinned. / rare(,,very less)+fied(..like field which means environment), hence environment which is rare field is exclusive to only for a small group of people"

providential

"(adj) Lucky, fortunate, or relating to divine care (the idea that a deity has helped or cared for a person) / a providential event is a lucky one: ""Blackwell's arrival at that moment was providential.""; ""Nevertheless, Freud did detect a providential, protective element in the superego.""; ""To Robyn, it seemed a providential opportunity to make another - this time decisive - break with Charles.""; ""Thanks to that providential snowstorm the attack had been repulsed."" --> ""pertaining to foresifght"" (implied in providentially); 1640s as ""pertaining to divine providence,"" from Latin providentia (see providence) + -al (1). Meaning ""by divine interposition"" is recorded from 1719. / it is very 'fortunate and lucky', it has 'proven to be divine all'"

tendentious

"(adj) Marked by a strong point of view, biased [SYN biased, partial, inclined, argumentative] / a tendentious speech, remark, book etc expresses a strong opinion that is intended to influence people / having a tendency toward something and wanting to influence others to agree with your viewpoint, especially in an argumentative way: ""As young men, they managed to avoid falling out over the tendentious terms of their father's will.""; ""He tacks on tendentious continuations to things Raskolnikov has said.""; ""Perhaps this inference, given its grounding in pupil, not teacher data, is a tendentious one.""; ""The journalist's account of the events was tendentious, not to mention inaccurate. (biased, partial)""; ""The anchorman was accused of reporting tendentious news stories that he hoped would influence the election. (biased, inclined)""; ""His tendentious statements often anger his friends and family. (biased, argumentative)""; ""The tendentious talk show host used his show to promote his political ideology. (inclined [to being provocative], biased)"" --> Tendentious is formed from the word tendency. When you have a tendency toward something, you have a preference or inclination toward it, and it usually involves something most people don't agree with. Tendentious is a great way to describe any information (like a statement, lecture, or written work) that is clearly biased and trying to influence people and convert them to the speaker or writer's beliefs."

lugubrious

"(adj) Mournful, gloomy (sometimes in an exaggerated way) / very sad and serious - sometimes used humorously [= melancholy, morose]: ""his lugubrious tear-stained face""; ""After a few minutes the door opened and a young, lugubrious face looked out.""; ""He was in a lugubrious state for weeks, after being dismissed from the university. (gloomy, morose)""; ""He had a lugubrious face as he walked into his mother's funeral ceremony. (dismal, dreary)""; ""I tried to lighten the lugubrious mood in the room with some cheery music. (gloomy, funereal)""; ""Her lugubrious heart felt like it would never feel joy again after her son died in a car crash. (mournful, somber, morose)"" --> Lugubrious comes from the Latin word lugere, which means ""to mourn."" It usually refers to either the emotional state of a person or to a scene or circumstance depicting such a mood. / he was really sad and mournful and other person said to his friend ""look burying his cat. that's why he is mournful / they were trapped under a wreck and there was a hole where they see outside. He was mournful and sad, looked outside and saw people were atacking everywhere. he said to his brother in a gloomy way ""look up riots"""

endemic

"(adj) Native, local; natural, specific to, or confined to a particular place / an endemic disease or problem is always present in a particular place, or among a particular group of people [? epidemic(yaygın salgın), pandemic(birkaç ülkeye yayılan salgın)]: ""Violent crime is now endemic in parts of Chicago.""; ""Cholera was endemic in Mexico in the 19th century.""; ""Though such rumours can not be proved, they are so endemic that they suggest something of the sort has been occurring.""; ""The nature hike featured several endemic plants, which the guide was eager to point out. (indigenous, native)""; ""Some of the most difficult diseases to treat are those endemic to islands or poor, rural areas, because fewer medical professionals are familiar with them. (native, restricted to)""; ""Food shortages and hunger are endemic in certain parts of the world. (constantly present)""; ""Certain countries are well-known for their endemic political corruption. (ever-present, characteristic)"" --> Endemic is often used in medical and ecological situations to refer to diseases or flora/fauna found especially in certain areas."

myopic

"(adj) Near-sighted; unable to see things clearly that are far away / lacking long-term thinking, short-sighted / unwilling or unable to think about the future, especially about the possible results of a particular action - used in order to show disapproval [= short-sighted]: ""Employees have suffered for management's myopic concentration on short-term goals.""; ""Now the whole country is run by a myopic bourgeoisie with a mentality that does not care for the people.""; ""While baseball managers sometimes see less successful teams as being capable of developing future talent, fans tend to be more myopic, wanting to win now. (short-sighted)""; ""The myopic child was reluctant to participate in school because he could not clearly see the blackboard. (nearsighted)""; ""He had a very myopic vision for the country, which neglected to address future problems like Social Security and Medicare. (short-sighted)""; ""Her myopic and unimaginative thinking would never produce any great ideas. (short-sighted, closed-minded)"" --> To help you learn the word myopic, think of the medical condition of myopia, which is commonly called ""near-sightedness."" Myopic is used to describe people who are both near-sighted--can't see far distances--and who are short-sighted in their views--they are not able to explore more than the obvious or what is right in front of them. Myopic is similar in meaning to obtuse. Obtuse describes someone who is dim-witted and has difficulty understanding complex issues. Myopic is used to describe people who are being short-sighted and are not considering the future (because they are obtuse)."

fracas

"(adj) Noisy disturbance or fight; (SYN brawl) / a short noisy fight involving several people [arbede]: ""Eight people were injured in the fracas.""; ""However, it developed into a full scale fracas involving a dozen players from either side.""; ""The two policewomen radioed for help when they got into trouble trying to deal with the fracas.""; ""The women glanced at the fracas and stepped delicately aside on the steps as they passed by."" --> Imagine a Freak Ass having a noisy quarrel with many people occasionally, and people say ""that 'freak ass' always get into a fracas"""

implacable

"(adj) Not able to be appeased, calmed, or satisfied / very determined to continue opposing someone or something: ""The government faces implacable opposition on the issue of nuclear waste.""; ""He remained implacably opposed to Stalin's regime.""; ""Iraq is one of Israel's most implacable enemies.""; ""We cannot reach a compromise with such an implacable client. (immovable, inflexible, unrelenting)""; ""The executives in charge of the layoffs were implacable. (ruthless, relentless)""; ""It was an implacable ice storm, and I thought it would never end. (unyielding, relentless)""; ""The child was implacable and cried for hours, despite the babysitter's best efforts to calm her. (unappeasable)"" --> Implacable is related to the verb placate, which means ""to appease or soothe."" Implacable refers to someone incapable of being placated, someone who is difficult and unyielding."

recondite

"(adj) Not easily understood, hidden, dealing with an obscure topic / recondite facts or subjects are not known about or understood by many people [= obscure]: ""Eyre's down-to-earth style was well suited to the exploration of these recondite matters.""; ""Such teachings are very recondite and need considerable study to understand fully.""; ""The students struggled through the recondite material. (difficult, abstruse)""; ""Quantum mechanic theory is a recondite subject for the average person. (abstruse, cryptic)""; ""In the movie ""Good Will Hunting,"" the main character solved recondite mathematical problems with ease. (difficult, involved, obscure)""; ""The consortium of philosophers met on a monthly basis to discuss their latest, recondite theories. (profound, esoteric)"" --> Recondite is derived from the Latin reconditus, which means ""hide or store away."" Recondite used to have the meaning ""hidden from view."" Over time, it has come to denote something not obviously clear to the average person. / it was such an obscure, hidden topic, proffesor had to re+conduct it many times / it was an obscure and hidden topic nobody could guess or made a judgdement, all reckon died in there."

unconscionable

"(adj) Not guided by conscience; morally wrong, unjust, unreasonable [makul olmayan,ölçüsüz,vicdansız] / much more than is reasonable or acceptable: ""The war caused an unconscionable amount of suffering.""; ""I think a ""not guilty"" verdict(jüri kararı) in this case would be unconscionable.""; ""It said it was unconscionable that the government was preying on the misery of hapless Nigerian youths, especially graduates who suffer years without gainful employment.""; ""Attacks on hospitals in rebel-controlled regions were described in the letter as an unconscionable betrayal of the principle of medical neutrality.""; ""He was fearless in his attacks on public figures whose actions he considered unconscionable.""; ""There were also the personal matters, which, as every young person knows, consume an unconscionable amount of time."" --> Something that is almost unimaginably unacceptable is unconscionable. Think of it as being something that no reasonable person would even think of doing or saying — something unbelievable, outrageous, and often horrible. The word unconscionable is related to the word conscience. Add the un-, and you can see that it refers to something done without applying good moral judgment. The word first appeared in the mid-16th century — presumably everyone up until that time had high scruples and never did or said anything beyond the boundaries of conscience. Sadly, the antonym, conscionable, is rarely used, and, in fact, has been obsolete since the 18th century, though unconscionable remains in frequent use."

impassive

"(adj) Not having or not showing physical feeling or emotion / not showing any emotion: ""Her impassive face showed no reaction at all.""; ""The children studied him impassively.""; ""Mr Deacon remained impassive throughout the performance.""; ""When they told her that she was adopted, she was surprisingly impassive, and they wondered if she had long suspected their secret. (unemotional, stoic)""; ""An impassive expression is a real asset in a poker game. (stoic, unemotional)""; ""The defendant remained impassive as evidence was being presented against him. (stoic, unemotional)""; ""He was so impassive when we told him the bad news that I wasn't sure how it affected him. (stoic, unemotional)"" --> Impassive literally means ""without passion or emotion,"" but it can also connote the ability to hide emotion even if feelings are beneath the surface. Note: this word does NOT combine the negative im- ""no"" with passive ""not actively taking part."" Impassive and stoic are synonymous. Impassive is unemotional or expressionless and usually describes someone who is showing no emotion in their face. Stoic can often be a compliment of someone who does not allow emotions to affect them and they are brave or patient in the face of adversity. / Impassive-> A person saying-""I m Passive(Not Active)"", that means he has no feelings,emotions."

ignoble

"(adj) Not noble; having mean, base, low motives; low quality/ shameful, dishonorable, or morally bad / not of noble birth / ignoble thoughts, feelings, or actions are ones that you should feel ashamed or embarrassed about: ""His mother thought that playing the piano in a bar was an ignoble use of his talents. (shameful, disgraceful)""; ""The ignoble young man never bothered to show respect to his elders and defied most common manners. (vulgar, dishonorable)""; ""I thought his actions were quite ignoble, especially considering that he is a Prince, with ""noble"" blood. (shameful, vulgar)""; ""The twins are an odd dichotomy; one is urbane and sophisticated, while the other is ignoble and vulgar. (unsophisticated, base)"" --> Ignoble comes from the French and literally means ""not noble."" People born of the lower classes were thought to be less honorable, thus the second definition for ignoble came about. Use ignoble to describe someone who is acting beneath what is considered honorable or noble and should be ashamed of their actions."

recalcitrant

"(adj) Not obedient, resisting authority, hard to manage / refusing to do what you are told to do, even after you have been punished [= unruly]: ""Discovering the way of course takes us back to your recalcitrant dealers.""; ""There were hopeful signs from one recalcitrant state.""; ""The recalcitrant teenager no longer obeyed her curfew. (rebellious, defiant)""; ""The police was called in when recalcitrant demonstrators would not leave the property. (defiant, unruly)""; ""The boy became recalcitrant after he was grounded for the weekend. (defiant, obstinate)""; ""The man had been recalcitrant from an early age and was continually in and out of jail for various petty crimes and misdemeanors. (rebellious, uncontrollable)"" --> The original, French meaning of recalcitrant is ""to kick back."" Recalcitrant describes people who fight back against authority. Think of a child being dragged, kicking and screaming, to school. This is a perfect image of a recalcitrant child. Also, think of a horse that does not want to be ridden and will kick anyone who comes near it. This is a recalcitrant horse. / reluctant to sit; recall his parent= a kid in class never sits in his chair, he is not obedient and resisting authority, reluctant to sit, even teachers recall his parent but he is still not obedient"

impious

"(adj) Not religious, lacking reverence, ungodly / lacking respect for religion or God [? impiety]: ""This impious crime, wrote Ammianus, for ever stained the reign of Constantius.""; ""In that case it would be impious to consult the Oracle."" --> pious means religious...so with a -ve prefix,impious means not religious....so a person who is not religious lacks respect for god. synonym:IMPIETY"

lax

"(adj) Not strict; careless, loose, slack / not strict or careful enough about standards of behaviour, work, safety etc [= slack]: lax in (doing) something: ""The company has been lax in carrying out its duties.""; ""I think the school has been too lax about bad behaviour in the past.""; ""The report criticizes the lax security at many prisons.""; ""The weakness in her legs made her go lax in Adrienne's arms.""; ""The politician has been accused of having a lax attitude toward immigration. (soft, lenient)""; ""According to the report, lax safety practices contributed to the man's injury. (slack, relaxed)""; ""His lax handshake caused me to mistrust his intentions. (slack, soft)""; ""Her lax approach to child rearing(büyütmek,yetiştirmek) caused her children to become independent at an early age. (relaxed, easy-going)"" --> Lax is derived from the Latin laxus, which means ""loose, open."" Notice that relax ends in lax, so think of a person or thing that's relaxed or loose. Somebody who is lax is loose, lacking in strength or strictness. This is a good word to critique someone who is not strict enough with his or her children or who doesn't take his or her job responsibilities seriously enough: ""You're too lax with your children's manners."" ""You're too lax about coming into work on time."""

untempered

"(adj) Not toned down; not moderated, controlled, or counterbalanced (yatıştırılmamış): ""It sounds at first like classic Austen—that deadpan tone—but here her wit is untempered by sympathy or special insight.""; tavlanmamış: ""Then there are those whose steel is mild and untempered, they will bend and not take and edge.""; ""Confidence untempered by humility, for example, turns into arrogance."" --> tempered:huylu,kıvamlı"

salient

"(adj) Obvious, standing out; projecting, protruding, jutting out [important, notable, remarkable, noticeable, conspicuous, striking, protruding, pronounced, prominent] / the salient points or features of something are the most important or most noticeable parts of it / notable, relevant, and most important / having a quality that calls attention to itself / projecting out of something at an angle. // ""Four salient points emerged from our study.""; ""Before commenting, let me now briefly sketch out by way of summary the salient points of the monist argument.""; ""Good advertising can make a brand more salient in the minds of consumers. (notable, pronounced)""; ""Consumer food companies try to achieve salience through convenient product placement in supermarkets. (prominence, visibility) noun""; ""Please do me a favor, and write up a summary of the most salient points made in the presentation. (relevant, most important)""; ""His comments were salient to me, and I really took them to heart. (important, notable)""; ""Alan, whose salient traits are cowardice, disloyalty and a complete inability to keep his mouth shut, becomes the crucial player in a hostage drama."" --> Salient comes from the Latin salire, ""to jump."" Picture a girl named Sallie jumping out of a cake. This is a notable and remarkable event. Now, picture how Sallie protrudes out of that cake. This picture encompasses both meanings of the word salient--remarkable and/or protruding. In business, you may say: ""I only want to focus on the most salient (important, noteworthy, remarkable) points."" Salient can also be a noun denoting an angle or part that protrudes. The related noun salience means ""prominence or visibility"" and is often used in advertising and marketing discussions. / sail ends are the most noticeable and important parts of a boat"

diurnal

"(adj) Occurring every day; happening in the daytime (rather than at night): ""The plains have a wide range of diurnal and annual temperatures.""; ""Desert areas on Earth often have wide diurnal temperature ranges due to nighttime radiative cooling through very clear skies."""

noisome

"(adj) Offensive, disgusting; harmful; very unpleasant: ""The distant workers who supported this wealth lived in noisome slums.""; ""The noisome smells from the chemical plant kept the area clear of residents for miles. (putrid, foul)""; ""The locusts proved a noisome plague for farmers. (harmful, dangerous)""; ""She was sick and dizzy from being in contact with the noisome fumes. (offensive, deadly)""; ""After the forest fire, the air quality in the area was so noisome that residents wore protective masks over their nose and mouth for several days. (harmful, dangerous)"" --> Noisome is related to the word annoy, but its meaning is much stronger. Noisome can refer to something extremely offensive, to the point of causing nausea. Noisome can also refer to something highly dangerous. Noisome is most often used in reference to foul or toxic smells. Do not confuse noisome with noisy, as there is really no relation between noisome (repulsive, disgusting to the senses, dangerous) and noise (sound, loud disruptive sound). Noisome is similar in meaning to noxious which means harmful or poisonous."

overwrought

"(adj) Overly nervous, agitated, or excited; too ornate, elaborate, or fussy; overdone / very upset, nervous, and worried: ""Clara was tired and overwrought after all the problems of the last few days.""; ""Cecile was emotionally overwrought.""; ""Natasha was overwrought when her dogs got out of the apartment and were lost for several hours. (frantic, hysterical)""; ""After Aunt Judy won the lottery, she decorated her home in such an overwrought manner, it was ghastly. (gaudy, rococo, ornate)""; ""Everyone in the office was overwrought with the thought that the company might go out of business. (agitated, frantic)""; ""My friend was overwrought when her baby fell down the stairs. (hysterical, frantic)"" --> Overwrought is a more complicated way of saying ""agitated, frantic, nervous, frenzied, hysterical"" or ""ornate, gaudy(gösterişli), rococo, and flamboyant(gösterişli,havalı)."" Overwrought is not a commonly used word, but it is commonly tested on the GRE exam. / sinirleri bozuk, aşırı heyecanlanmış; çok çalışmaktan bitkin düşmüş; aşırı süslü / Old past participle of overwork / over+wrote(wrought) - he was excited and nervous, he over wrote in exam and it was very ornate writing."

impetuous

"(adj) Passionately impulsive, marked by sudden, hasty emotion; forceful, violent / tending to do things very quickly, without thinking carefully first, or showing this quality [= impulsive]: ""He was high-spirited(ateşli) and impetuous.""; ""She might live to regret this impetuous decision.""; ""He says she's impetuous and emotional.""; ""If you weren't so impetuous you wouldn't have lost your job.""; ""The CEO is probably regretting his impetuous promise to the board that he could increase revenue by 20%. (hasty, impulsive)""; ""She can be so impetuous! Why can't she just think things through before she makes important decisions? (heedless, rash)""; ""Linda is a bit of a loose cannon; she's great with clients, but her impetuous nature causes her to make promises the company can't always keep. (impulsive, heedless)""; ""Don't be so impetuous in saying ""No"" to my ideas; think them through first. (hasty, abrupt)"" --> Impetuous can describe a personality type or action which can be charming, yet impractical and overly impulsive--the type of person who does not think things through before acting. Impetuous is similar in meaning to impulsive and rash. If you are impulsive, you are prone to act without thinking. If you are rash, you are most likely being reckless and not thinking things through before your act. If you are impetuous, you are overly eager to start or do something so you don't think it through and you just do it. / sounds like impatient, an impatient person will be impetuous / when computer user is impulsive and want to do things very quickly and see the new programs very quickly they go 'in patch use' of those programs."

philistine

"(adj) Person deficient in or hostile to culture / someone who does not like or understand art, literature, music etc: ""When it comes to art, the man's a philistine.""; ""I wouldn't expect a philistine like you to understand my paintings.""; ""The American desire for material goods caused Europeans to dismiss them as philistines.""; ""Maybe I'm just a philistine, but I really didn't enjoy the art exhibit. (ruffian, boor) noun""; ""In order to shed his philistine image, he went to the opera and the ballet. (uncultured) adjective""; ""It may just have been his philistine tendencies that prevented my brother from enjoying the play. (uncultured, uncouth) adjective""; ""Her philistine comments about art make you realize that she grew up in an uncultured environment. (uncouth, uncultured, ruffian) adjective"" --> Philistine is derived from the the Hebrew word for "people of Philistia" in Palestine. The word took on a derogatory sense from the hostility of the Philistines toward the ancient Israelites. Over time, the word took on negative, stereotypical characteristics of an enemy. Today, it means a person who is uncouth and uncultured."

dilettante

"(adj) Person who takes up an art or activity for amusement only or in a superficial way / someone who is not serious about what they are doing or does not study a subject thoroughly / a person who is interested in an art or field of knowledge but has only a superficial understanding of it, but pretends that his or her knowledge is extensive: ""Morrison is no dilettante - the music is clean and professional.""; ""Richard loves all the arts, but he doesn't know much about any of them; he is a dilettante in sculpture, painting, and music. (dabbler)""; ""You know you're a dilettante if you can say two sentences in more than five foreign languages. (dabbler)""; ""I love to paint, and though I'm just a dilettante at the moment, I hope to become more serious about it in the future and hopefully turn it into a career. (amateur, novice)""; ""He always professed to be knowledgeable about various artists, but when we visited some art galleries together, I realized he was just a dilettante. (dabbler, novice)"" --> Dilettante comes from the Italian word dilettare, ""to delight."" Its connotation is that someone enjoys doing something, but does not take it seriously enough to become a professional at it. Most often used in relation to the arts and often is used as a critical way of describing someone who simply dabbles in the arts and lacks the discipline to perfect their skill. / 'Dil' (Heart)+ 'e' (hey) + ttante sounds like (anti). So when you are doing any work against your heart, you don't take it seriously."

repertorial

"(adj) Pertaining to a repertory or repertoire, a stock of available things or a number of theatrical performances presented regularly or in sequence / repertoire(n): a collection of works of art; the range of skills of a person or group: ""The guitarist had hundreds of songs in his repertoire. (collection, list)""; ""After I completed the class, I was able to add typing to my repertoire of skills. (list, range)""; ""She's always looking for good recipes to add to her repertoire of delicious dishes. (supply, stock, collection)""; ""The actor's repertoire included many accents, which allowed him to play foreign characters. (range, skill set)"" --> Repertoire is derived from Late Latin repertorium, which means ""inventory."" A repertoire is like an inventory of plays, songs, or skills, to be used or brought forth at the ready."

insular

"(adj) Pertaining to an island; detached, standing alone; narrow-minded, provincial / interested in your own group, country, way of life etc and no others - used to show disapproval [? parochial]: ""Landres is a small, insular community in the Midwest."" / originating on an island; alone, like an island // ""Many older people cling to insular beliefs without ever considering other people's opinions. (provincial, conservative)""; ""Hawaii's insular culture is quite different from that of the mainland United States. (confined, isolated)""; ""Henry's insular attitude toward foreign countries and cultures restricted his desire to travel. (narrow-minded, provincial)""; ""The children of the small town were quite happy growing up in their insular environment, but once they got older, most were ready to break free and explore the world. (isolated, confined)"" --> Insular is derived from the Latin word insula, which means ""island."" Insular describes things that share the characteristics of an island. Someone who is insular is like an island, cut off and unable to accept foreign ideas. Think of the related word insulated, which means ""protected or set apart."""

glacial

"(adj) Pertaining to glaciers; cold, icy, slow, unsympathetic / relating to ice and glaciers, or formed by glaciers: ""a glacial valley""; ""glacial deposits"" / a glacial look or expression is extremely unfriendly [= icy] / extremely slow: ""Change was coming, but at a glacial pace."" / extremely cold [= icy]: ""a glacial wind"" // ""Attempts to light a fire in the glacial dining-room had to be abandoned when it smoked out the house.""; ""But we are no longer limited by the glacial(slow) rate of natural genetic innovation.""; ""In spite of the glacial air conditioning and his recent bath, his face was covered with sweat.""; ""Some unnecessarily tricky camera work early on is taxing, as is the film's glacial pace."" --> glace 'ice', from Latin glacies; glacialis, from glacies 'ice' / glacial=buz ya da buzulla ilgili, çok soğuk, donmuş(yavaş, hareket etmiyor), soğuk mizaçlı; glacier=buzul"

impecunious

"(adj) Poor, without money / having very little money, especially over a long period - sometimes used humorously: ""He came from a respectable if impecunious family.""; ""There is likely to be tension between landlord and tenant, between large landowners and impecunious peasants.""; ""The homeless man never complained about his impecunious condition, but simply endured his hardship in this world while dreaming of a better afterlife. (destitute)""; ""The prodigal son returned home impecunious and suffering from near starvation. (poor, destitute)""; ""Everyone was surprised to learn that the billionaire married an impecunious woman who he met at a diner. (poor)""; ""Annie is a musical about a group of impecunious orphans who all dream of a better life. (poor, destitute)"" --> Pecunious is an obsolete word for ""wealthy"" coming from Latin pecunia 'money'; however, its counterpart, impecunious, or ""poor,"" has survived. Use impecunious as a more formal way of saying ""poor and destitute."""

latent

"(adj) Potential; existing but not visible or active / something that is latent is present but hidden, and may develop or become more noticeable in the future [? dormant]: ""The virus remains latent in the body for many years.""; ""latent aggression""; ""Police experts found latent fingerprints on the glass.""; ""The virus remains latent in the body for many years.""; ""He had a latent heart condition that went undetected until it was too late. (underlying, hidden)""; ""She discovered her latent artistic abilities after she took a class in ceramics. (suppressed, inactive, hidden)""; ""During the latency period of the disease, no symptoms are noticeable. (dormancy)""; ""Although he appears quiet and meek, I have a feeling he has a latent talent for negotiating. (suppressed, undeveloped)"" --> Latent is derived from the Latin latentem, which means ""to lie in hiding; hidden."" Latent describes things that are present but hidden until a specific circumstance brings them out into the open. The related noun latency means ""the state of being hidden or not yet detected."""

idyllic

"(adj) Presenting a positive, peaceful view of rural life (as poetry or prose); pleasant in a natural, simple way / an idyllic place or time is very beautiful, happy, and peaceful, with no problems or dangers: idyllic setting/surroundings/scene etc: ""If you want old-world tradition in an idyllic setting, this is the hotel for you.""; ""It was an idyllic life for both of them, and they hated to leave the island.""; ""Lou recalled his idyllic camping trips to Maine as a child.""; ""Plato's Phaedrus is a conversation that takes place in an idyllic scene where the participants are free to lay back or walk barefoot. (rural, peaceful, happy, rustic) adjective""; ""Sometimes I miss the idyllic life we had when were first started dating in college, and life was so carefree. (romantic, carefree, happy)"" // idyll (n): a place or experience in which everything is peaceful and everyone is perfectly happy: ""The poem is an idyll about the simple joys of life in rural France. (pastoral poem)""; ""After a busy week in the city, I enjoy nothing more than the idyll of my mountain home. (peacefulness, tranquility, quiet)""; ""Decades later, the shipbuilder was still enjoying his island idyll."" --> something that is ideal is very beautiful, happy, and peaceful, with no problems or dangers... nothing to worry about / if everyhing was be ideal then life would be carefree, happy and peacefull."

ostentatious

"(adj) Pretentious, boastful showiness / something that is ostentatious looks very expensive and is designed to make people think that its owner must be very rich: ""She carried her car keys on an ostentatious gold key ring.""; ""Stretch limousines were an ostentatious symbol of wealth in the '80s.""; ""They built themselves huge, ostentatious houses."" / being showy, conspicuous, or pretentious, usually in an attempt to get others to notice: ""I thought of framing the letter, but that would be ostentatious.""; ""He was vain and ostentatious."" // ""Of course he was thrilled to have won the competition, but wearing his medal around his neck for the next week was rather ostentatious. (pretentious, boastful)""; ""The huge, diamond-encrusted Rolex on his wrist isn't tasteful, it's ostentatious. (extravagant, garish)""; ""She loved to flaunt her ostentatious jewelry and mink coats among her less-wealthy friends. (showy, flamboyant)""; ""That era was marked by relentless capitalism, widespread corruption, vulgar taste, and ostentatious displays of wealth. (extravagant, boastful)"" --> Ostentatious is derived from the Latin ostendere, which means ""to show or display."" Think, showing something just to impress others. The word ostentatious often carries a connotation of disapproval. The related noun ostentation refers to a vulgar display of wealth, knowledge, or success, especially used to gain the admiration of others. Ostentatious is synonymous with pretentious and pompous. See a detailed analysis at pretentious. / Latin, from ostentare 'to show ostentatiously', from ostendere; ? OSTENSIBLE /// Ostensible means 'apparent', '[something] which seems to be so'. There is a strong denotation of 'but it is not really so'. A woman may be described as having an ostensible reason for a meeting, but her ulterior or real motive may be very different. OED cites 'Spy' in the New Yorker of 14th May 1992 as saying ""One wonders if this ostensible pat on the back wasn't actually a sly, bitchy dig."" --- Ostentatious describes a person or behaviour. In colloquial terms it means 'showing off': 'demonstrating something [often wealth] in a way calculated to impress', or 'boastful'. It is not a compliment. There is also a noun ostentation, meaning the act, or behaviour, or habit, of showing off, displaying one's material circumstances in a boastful way."

ostensible or ostensive

"(adj) Professed, evident, or pretended; outwardly appearing in a certain way / seeming to be the reason for or the purpose of something, but usually hiding the real reason or purpose: ostensible reason/purpose/aim: ""The ostensible reason for his resignation was ill health.""; ""The war was fought to remove a cruel dictator - at least that was the ostensible aim.""; ""Does Astrophil, who is the ostensible author, mean he loves truth or that it is true he is in love?""; ""Intel carefully skirted the issues of Pentium's price and delivery at its ostensible introduction last month.""; ""Her ostensible purpose was borrowing sugar, but she really wanted to see the new furniture.""; ""His ostensible purpose in dropping by her home was to return the textbook she lent to him; he actually intended to ask her out for coffee, but she wasn't home."" // ""The strict rules against inter-office dating were ostensibly created to avoid sexual harassment lawsuits, but many employees feel they are, nevertheless, unfair. (seemingly, professedly)""; ""The security team used strict searching measures ostensibly aimed at preventing alcoholic beverages in the stadium. (apparently)""; ""He was ostensibly traveling to Mexico on vacation, but it is now believed he is running from the law. (seemingly, professedly)""; ""Her silence was ostensibly meant to signal her shyness, but I knew that she just didn't want to talk. (apparently)"" --> When something is done ostensibly, its truth has not been proven. Ostensibly can be used as a more sophisticated way of saying ""apparently."" It can also be used to describe something presented as being true or appearing to be true, but usually hiding a different motive or meaning. For example, ""The security guards were ostensibly looking for people trying to bring alcohol into the stadium, but I think it was more of a counter-terrorism effort."" The related adjective ostensible means ""apparent or evident."" / görünüşte; sözde; göstermelik. / Latin, from ostentare 'to show ostentatiously', from ostendere; ? OSTENSIBLE"

quiescent

"(adj) Quiet, still / not developing or doing anything, especially when this is only a temporary state: ""Police reports suggested that the countryside was more quiescent than it had been for generations.""; ""In major life changes such as adolescence, for successful growth opportunities both active and quiescent periods are needed."" /// quiescence (n): a state of quietness, inactivity, or rest: ""I enjoy the quiescence of the early morning, before the world has awakened. (stillness)""; ""My father always needed some quiescence after a long day at work. (rest, quietness)""; ""The disease can lay quiescent for months, without an outbreak. (dormant, inactive) adjective""; ""I was really enjoying the quiescence of my late afternoon nap in the hammock. (inactivity, rest)"" --> To help you remember the definition of quiescence, think of the words ""quiet"" and ""silence,"" or ""quiet"" and ""scene."" Quiescence is quiet, silent rest. When a person is described as quiescent, the person is inactive and at rest. Quiescent is also related to the words latent and dormant, but quiescent is used more to describe temporary inactivity."

florid

"(adj) Reddish or rosy; a florid face is red in colour: ""a middle-aged man with a florid complexion"" / flowery, showy, or excessively fancy; florid language, music, or art has a lot of extra unnecessary details or decorations: ""a book written in a very florid style"" // ""Some early Irish churches contain stylistically florid touches of Gothic origin. (flowery, ornate)""; ""The man's fair skin became florid after a day of drinking and golfing. (ruddy, rosy)""; ""The politician delivered a florid speech full of empty rhetoric. (flowery, elaborate, over-done)""; ""I want this presentation to get right to the point, so let's remove all of the florid language and just say it like it is. (flowery, ornate, excessive)"" --> Florid is derived from the Latin floridus, "flowery."" Florid can be used to describe a person's ""rosy"" complexion, but in a negative, not positive, sense. It's also used negatively to describe an elaborate, ""flowery"" presentation full of rhetoric and empty promises--meant to sound good but with no substance. Films, music, and literature can all have ""florid touches."" Although it technically means ""overly ornamental,"" the architecture and designs described as florid tend to be praised for their beauty, as with Gothic design, florid touches in renowned musical compositions, etc."

intransigent

"(adj) Refusing to compromise, inflexible, having extreme attitudes / unwilling to change your ideas or behaviour, in a way that seems unreasonable [= stubborn]: ""Conservatives have maintained an intransigent position on the war.""; ""For many years the South African government remained intransigent, despite mounting world opposition to apartheid(ırk ayrımı).""; ""The Church has been criticized for being intransigent on the issues of abortion and birth control.""; ""Convinced he was right, George became intransigent and would not listen to anyone else's opinion. (obstinate)""; ""His intransigent behavior made it difficult for other people to work with him, because when he fixed his mind on an idea, he wouldn't compromise. (unyielding, uncompromising)""; ""The negotiations came to a halt when both sides took intransigent positions. (unyielding, steadfast, uncompromising)""; ""The one, intransigent jury member who refused to agree with the others caused a mistrial. (unyielding, adamant)""; ""He accused the government of intransigence. (noun)"" --> Intransigent is derived from the Spanish los intransigentes, an extreme political party--literally, "the uncompromising ones." Intransigent should be used to describe someone who refuses to change his or her mind and will never compromise. Although intransigent can be used to describe things, it is generally used to describe people who will not compromise or be persuaded. Intransigent is synonymous with obdurate and obstinate. Intransigent is different than refusing to change out of stubbornness, like obstinate and obdurate. Intransigent describes those refusing to change, period, no exceptions. / imagine you are going on a trip. the TRANSPORT AGENT is very strict in payment of money and other rules. you try to persuade him but he doesn't listen and compromise. so INTRANSIGENT= transport + agent = very stubborn"

grandiloquent

"(adj) Relating to lofty speech, esp. to the point of being pompous, overblown, bombastic / using words that are too long and formal in order to sound important [= pompous]: ""a grandiloquent prose style""; ""The truth is that Ministers who mouth those grandiloquent guarantees know little of what is happening on the ground.""; """" --> grandiloquus, from grandis ( ? GRAND1) + loqui 'to speak'(as in loquacious) / Split GRANDILOQUENT as grand and eloquent (able to express yourself very well) = only an eloquent person can express himself with grand words and pompous speach"

prophetic

"(adj) Relating to prophesy, predicting, ominous / correctly saying what will happen in the future: ""It turned out to be a prophetic piece of journalism.""; ""Lundgren's warnings proved prophetic.""; ""At that time, Avedisian made a number of claims that would have prophetic implications over the coming year.""; ""So there is some creative reworking of some vague language, but nothing specific and nothing prophetic."""

terrestrial

"(adj) Relating to the Earth or to land; worldly [?extraterrestrial] / relating to the Earth rather than to the moon or other planets/ living on or relating to land rather than water. // ""A statistical analysis based on this data suggests that well over half the stars are being orbited by rocky terrestrial material.""; ""Development of this approach in experimental closed ecosystems promises big terrestrial payoffs from this form of space biotechnology.""; ""Information from the planetary probes indicates that all the terrestrial planets have undergone differentiation, but they have followed different evolutionary paths.""; ""Migrating continents I have proposed four simple distributional patterns for both marine and terrestrial animals which involve changes in time.""; ""Rain forests are home to numerous species, terrestrial and epiphytes.""; ""Such terrestrial plants could certainly cause harm the water quality."""

semantic

"(adj) Relating to the different meanings of words or other symbols [anlamsal, anlambilimsel, anlam ile ilgili] / relating to the meanings of words: ""The semantic distinction between ""criticism"" and ""feedback"" can be important.""; ""A semantic constituent which can not be segmented into more elementary semantic constituents will be termed a minimal semantic constituent.""; ""However, during the present project the limitations of the established semantic theories have become apparent.""; ""Google's Kurzweil sees a similarly opportunistic future where computers have the ability to read and understand the semantic content of a language.""; ""They tirelessly search the entire historical published corpus of science for any semantic meaning.""; ""The new mastery is a mastery of the ambiguous, the unexpected, of conflicting evidence and semantic audacity.""; ""It was the only movie in which all of these actors had appeared, so it sat at the center of the semantic map connecting them."" --> If something is semantic, it has to do with the meaning of a word. If you're spending all this time reading the dictionary, you must be interested in semantic questions, unless you just need to do better on vocabulary quizzes. Semantic comes from the Greek word for ""significant,"" and has to do with how, say, the word dog actually means that furry friend of yours, and all the others like him. If you're really into the philosophy of language and how words come to have particular meanings, then you like semantics. It can be an adjective, as in a semantic argument with your mom over the meaning of ""grounded,"" or a noun, meaning ""the study of signs and meaning."""

inexorable

"(adj) Relentless, unyielding; not moved by pleading / an inexorable process cannot be stopped: ""the inexorable decline of Britain's manufacturing industry""; ""the seemingly inexorable rise in crime""; ""His jealousy sets him on an inexorable course towards murder.""; ""the inexorable progress of rain forest destruction""; ""Because the team still had not been defeated, its climb to the top seemed inexorable. (unstoppable)""; ""After she guessed her way through the final, she couldn't shake the inexorable feeling that she had failed. (stubborn, relentless)""; ""Julie was inexorable in her determination to quit high school and move to New York to pursue an acting career. (adamant, steadfast, unyielding)""; ""The company was inexorable in its plan to overtake its biggest competitor. (unstoppable, unyielding)"" --> The root of the word inexorable comes from the Latin word exorare, which means ""to prevail upon(prevail on: ikna etmek)."" Something inexorable cannot be prevailed upon because it cannot be stopped. / çocuğun dersleri o kadar iyiydi ve o kadar çalışkandı ki, rakip tanımıyordu. 'durdurulması imkansız, boyun eğmez, yılmaz, değiştirilemez' bir çocuktu. her soruyu çözüyordu. arkadaşları ise zor soruları çözen arkadaşına 'inek zoru buldu' diyordu."

exigent

"(adj) Requiring immediate attention, action, or aid; excessively demanding / demanding a lot of attention from other people in a way that is unreasonable / an exigent situation is urgent, so that you must deal with it very quickly /// ""Most traditional action-based movies have exigent dilemmas, which the protagonist is forced to solve. (arduous, critical)""; ""I had an exigent need to go to the toilet, so I ran out of the classroom without asking my professor for permission. (urgent, demanding)""; ""This is an exigent situation, which if not addressed will only escalate. (serious, urgent)""; ""I'm afraid this is an exigent project destined for failure. (arduous, burdensome)"" --> An exigent moment is one requiring immediate attention and decisive action. An exigent task would be exhaustive and require an extreme amount of effort. The related word exigency is the noun, which denotes an exigent (urgent, serious) situation. / exigent sounds like 'EX-tremely ur-GENT'"

recrudescent

"(adj) Revival, breaking out into renewed activity / breaking out again [ SYN renewing]: ""It can only come as the result of a sharp recrudescence in persecution else-where in the world.""; ""Hailey had a convivial recrudescence when she got her drivers license ."" --> That war was the renewing, reviving of mulim world again, so they were recruiting cresent army, it was revival of cresent. if they recruit descent amount then they will revive again"

tumultuous

"(adj) Riotous, violently agitated, marked by disturbance or uproar; noisy, chaotic [SYN clamorous, riotous, turbulent, uproarious, disorderly, troubled, disruptive, wild] / full of noise, confusion, and disorder /. characterized by change and uncertainty // ""He received a tumultuous welcome.""; ""1961 was a tumultuous year for Alvin.""; ""Backstage was satisfyingly mysterious and full of a tumultuous, different kind of life.""; ""The opposing demonstrators became tumultuous when leaders began screaming at one another. (riotous, disorderly)""; ""The sixties were a time of tumultuous social upheaval. (turbulent)""; ""His tumultuous candidacy, fraught with rumor and speculation, cost him the election for President. (turbulent, troubled)""; ""It is a miracle that we were able to make this company a success after its tumultuous beginning. (troubled)"" --> Tumultuous describes disorder and unrest. Crowds, periods of time, and spans of people's lives can be described as tumultuous if they include disorder and unrest. Think of tumultuous as a ""tumbling of order."" / The adjective tumultuous means ""disruptive,"" ""troubled,"" ""disorderly,"" or ""turbulent."". You might hear the adjective tumultuous in news stories about riots because it's one of the best words to describe a group of people in turmoil or disorder, but it can mean anything in a state of unrest. For example, you might steer your boat into a safe harbor before a heavy storm, so the tumultuous waves won't sweep you onto the rocks."

sardonic

"(adj) Scornfully or ironically mocking, cynically derisive [SYN sarcastic, cynical, ridiculing, biting, hostile, bitter, arrogant, cheeky, wry] / showing that you do not have a good opinion of someone or something, and feel that you are better than them: ""He looked at her with sardonic amusement.""; ""He gave a brief, sardonic laugh.""; ""He raised a sardonic eyebrow as she sat down opposite him and started to eat.""; ""The comedian's sardonic observations about the state of politics in our country elicited laughter because they had so much truth in them. (cynical, ridiculing)""; ""His sardonic expression led me to believe that he was being mean and sarcastic in an attempt to make me look foolish in front of everyone. (sarcastic, cheeky)""; ""It's hard to tell when she's joking because she says everything with a sardonic smile. (cheeky, sarcastic)""; ""His jokes were meant to be funny, but their sardonic nature just made him seem bitter. (cynical. hostile, biting)"" --> Sardonic is derived from the the Greek phrase sardonios gelos, which means ""bitter or scornful laughter."" It may be helpful to think of the phonetically similar word ""sarcastic."" Sardonic describes sarcastic humor, mainly intended to be scornful--mean and mocking. / think of SARDONIC as SARCASTIC + IRONIC"

discrete

"(adj) Separate, distinct, detached, existing as individual parts / clearly separate: ""The change happens in a series of discrete steps.""; ""Since Mel's wife did not care what color their car would be, she left the decision to his discretion. (distinction, judgment)""; ""The government has three discrete branches: the legislative, the judicial, and the executive. (separate)""; ""The marketing director felt that television and magazine ads should not feature discrete campaigns, but that they should be tied together. (disconnected, distinct, individual)""; ""Although the four companies are owned by the same parent corporation, they all have discrete identities and brands. (disconnected, distinct, individual)"" --> Discrete comes from the Latin word discretus, ""to distinguish."" If two things are discrete, they are separate and easily distinguished. The related noun discretion refers to a choice that it is up to someone to make, or the quality of being sensitive and socially adept. Do not confuse discrete with its homonym discreet. See discreet to learn the difference. / The islands of Crete (Greece) are discrete."

licentious

"(adj) Sexually unrestrained; immoral; ignoring the rules / behaving in a sexually immoral or uncontrolled way: ""Although they engaged in a licentious lifestyle during their college years, the fraternity brothers eventually settled down into faithful marriages. (promiscuous, unconstrained)""; ""The older lady found the licentious behavior of today's generation offensive. (immoral, lewd)""; ""She have reformed from her licentious lifestyle to one of self-restraint and chastity. (promiscuous, immoral)""; ""The young waitress was tired of the licentious men who came into her bar and overtly flirted with her. (lustful, lewd)"" --> Licentious comes from the Latin word licentia, ""license."" Since a license is an authorization or permission to do something, think of licentious as a way of describing someone who feels they ""have license"" to act in an unrestrained manner, usually in an inappropriate or sexual way."

refulgent

"(adj) Shining, radiant [parlak, ışıl ışıl, pırıl pırıl] : ""But when each has thus performed his service, his glory is outshone by the refulgent light which he has induced others to seek and obtain.""; ""Otherwise all else grows pale and dull and leaden beside their refulgent glory.""; ""He wore a smile that was fairly refulgent."" --> If someone tells you that you have refulgent eyes, they mean that your eyes shine brightly, like the stars. This suggests that your special someone is the poetic type, since refulgent is a literary way of saying ""bright."" / falcının yüzü ışıl ışıl parlaktı, gözleri de faltaşı gibi açıldı ve ışışl ışıl parlaktı."

luminous

"(adj) Shining, radiant, well-lit; brilliant or enlightening [ışık saçan,fosforlu,zeki,parlak] / emitting light--illuminated; very bright; clear or enlightening / shining in the dark: ""Her large dark eyes were almost luminous.""; ""He couldn't tell what time it was since his watch didn't have a luminous dial.""; ""Her eyes were huge, almost luminous in the shadowy light."" / very brightly coloured, especially in green, pink, or yellow [= Day Glo]: ""luminous green socks""; ""It's a good idea to paint your bike with luminous paint so that you are more visible to motorists.""; ""Her eyes were dark and luminous and her faintly olive skin normally carried a dusting of colour, high on her cheekbones."" // ""The stadium became luminous with camera flashes when the Olympians entered. (glowing, bright, illuminated)""; ""Her gown(uzun kadın giysisi) was a luminous pink that caught the light with its radiance(parlaklık,ışınım). (bright)""; ""The works of her favorite author are luminous and acclaimed for their intellectual rigor. (enlightening, brilliant, lucid)""; ""The intense luminosity of her eyes conveyed her happiness. (radiance, brightness, glow) noun"" --> Luminous is related to many other words with the Latin root lumos, ""light,"" including lucent, luminary, lucid, illuminate, and luminescent. The related word luminosity denotes the quality of being luminous. / luminosus, from lumen 'light'"

politic

"(adj) Shrewd, pragmatic; tactful or diplomatic / sensible and likely to gain you an advantage [= prudent]: it is politic to do something: ""It would not be politic to ignore the reporters.""; ""Had Stiles been more politic, he would have used the information in court.""; ""Judge Lyttle, politic in the ways a judge can be, treats reporters well."""

oblique

"(adj) Slanting or sloping; indirect, misleading, or evasive / not expressed in a direct way [= indirect]: ""an oblique reference to his drinking problem"" / not looking, pointing etc directly at something: ""an oblique glance"" / ""Reneé made oblique references to his drinking problem.""; ""It was only in such oblique ways that he referred to his state of deserted, now divorced, husband.""; ""She changed the subject when I posed an oblique question about the boys' father."""

dilatory

"(adj) Slow, late; procrastinating or stalling for time / slow in doing something / tending to waste time or move slowly; intended to cause delay: ""Their unreasonable demands had a dilatory effect on the peace process.""; ""We were alone, with a dilatory guard outside chatting with a secretary.""; ""Then, during late March and April, they made rather half-hearted and dilatory attempts to get agreement on this basis.""; ""Due to her dilatory nature, I tell her we need to leave 15 minutes before it's actually time to leave, to allow for all of her last-minute preparations. (unhurried, lagging)""; ""Jon is usually dilatory about paying his telephone bill; last month his service was cut off because his payment was received too late. (tardy, unhurried)""; ""He hoped that his dilatory tactics of jumping around and avoiding punches would eventually wear out his boxing opponent. (dallying, delaying)""; ""She was always so dilatory that I hated making plans with her, because I knew she would turn up late. (tardy, procrastinating, laggard)"" --> Dilatory comes from the Latin word dilatus, ""to postpone."" Its modern meaning can refer to a person or a thing causing, or intended to cause, delay or wasted time. It can also refer to the use of delay to slowly wear down an opponent in order to avoid a direct confrontation. For a memory trick, note how dilatory sounds like ""delay story."" Someone who is constantly dilatory (late, lagging, tardy) has to always come up with a ""delay story"" to explain why he was late. Or, someone can use a ""delay story"" to be dilatory in wasting time on purpose. A child would be dilatory if she told a ""delay story"" to stay up past her bed time. The next time your dilatory (chronically late) friend tries to use a ""delay story"" to explain why she was late, tell your friend that she is simply dilatory, and there is no real excuse for always being late."

listless

"(adj) Spiritless, lacking interest or energy [yorgun,bitkin,cansız,uyuşuk] / feeling tired and not interested in things: ""The heat was making me listless.""; ""Her performance was dull and listless.""; ""She had to keep thinking up new ways to hold the attention of her listless pupils.""; ""The last few years of my mother's life she was tired and listless most of the time.""; ""Tim is listless on the job and keeps making dumb mistakes.""; ""For a couple of hours they played a listless game of Scrabble in front of the fireplace."" --> I had to prepare my GRE wordlist everyday. But today i was tired and had no energy - so i dint prepare my list. So i was listless because i was feeling tired and not interested in things!"

fetid

"(adj) Stinking; having an offensive smell / having a strong bad smell [= stinking]: ""the fetid streets of the slum""; ""the black fetid water of the lake""; ""the dog's fetid breath"" --> Feet smells bad / in fat people there are skins which folds and under that it smells, fat and it is stinking"

obdurate

"(adj) Stubborn, hardhearted, hardened in wrongdoing / very determined not to change your beliefs, actions, or feelings, in a way that seems unreasonable [= stubborn]: ""They argued, but he remained obdurate.""; ""She remained obdurate despite their pleas.""; ""He was obdurate in his demands and there was nothing I could do to change his mind. (unyielding, inflexible)""; ""He strongly believed in the new policy and took an obdurate stance in its support. (firm, rigid, hard-headed)""; ""The President remains obdurate about his tax cuts and will not consider any recommendation that rolls the tax cuts back. (firm, rigid, stubborn)""; ""It takes an obdurate person to lay off employees without any consideration of their feelings and well being. (cold-hearted, callous)"" --> Obdurate is derived from the Latin obdurare, ""to be hard."" Someone who is described as obdurate can be hard-headed, hard-hearted, or both. Obdurate is synonymous with obstinate which means determined not to change your ideas, behaviour, opinions etc, even when other people think you are being unreasonable"

refractory

"(adj) Stubbornly disobedient, hard to manage / a refractory disease or illness is hard to treat or cure: ""Initial therapy of patients with large tumor masses has been complicated by large releases of intracellular potassium with resultant refractory hyperkalemia""; ""Monamine oxidase inhibitors are used occasionally in migraine patients who are refractory to other prophylactic drugs."" / deliberately not obeying someone in authority and being difficult to deal with or control [= unruly] // ""Severe depression, the kind that is refractory and unresponsive to any medication, continues to baffle doctors. (untreatable, stubborn)""; ""The refractory puppy frustrated even the most patient animal trainers at a number of obedience classes. (obstinate, intractable)""; ""The refractory fat around my belly refuses to budge no matter how much I exercise. (stubborn)""; ""The paints with which I decorate my ceramics are refractory and won't melt away in the kiln. (heat-resistant)"" --> Refractory is frequently used when discussing resistant disorders. Diseases are refractory when they don't improve with medication or other treatment. Children or animals are refractory when they are difficult to control. Refractory (hard and heat-resistant) materials are used in the making of furnaces or fireplaces. Think, hard and unmanageable. This is a good, high-brow term for a rebellious person. [tıpta: refrakter baş ağrıları]"

mired

"(adj) Stuck, entangled (in something, like a swamp or muddy area), soiled / stuck in mud or covered in mud / stuck in a bad situation and unable to get out or make progress: ""a government mired in scandal and controversy"" // mire(v): to be involved in an unpleasant situation which is hard to escape; to cause to get stuck in wet, soggy ground / ""Our creative director is so mired in the past, he hasn't come up with any original ideas in months. (bogged down)""; ""The software company is so mired in technical difficulties, it is not embarking on new enterprises. (entangled)""; ""She was so mired in self-doubt that she never believed any compliments she received. (entangled, bogged down)""; ""It is good to have a friend with a Jeep if you find your car mired in mud. (bogged down)"" --> One of the definitions for mire is ""to be weighed down in dirt."" Think of falling in the mud and being slowed down by your muddy clothes. One can literally be ""mired in mud,"" or feel entangled and stuck in a difficult situation. If you are mired in the past, you are stuck in the past and you have figurative dirt on you as a constant reminder of bad things that happened in the past. Mire can also be a noun, meaning a difficult situation or thick mud or bog. Mire is related to the word morass, which literally means ""a swamp"" and can be used to describe something that traps or confines you. You can be mired (stuck) in the morass (swamp, bog, confinement) of bureaucratic paper work. Mire is the root of the word quagmire."

modish

"(adj) Stylish, contemporary / modish ideas, designs etc are modern and fashionable: ""The kitchen looks used and the interior decoration is not especially modish.""; ""To some of us, this modish view is nihilistic, not progressive."""

preternatural

"(adj) Supernatural, exceptional / beyond what is usual or normal: ""He felt possessed of a preternatural strength and fearlessness.""; ""The story emphasizes the heroine's preternatural beauty."" / strange, mysterious, and unnatural // ""He had an almost preternatural ability to persuade people to do things they normally would not do. (supernatural, strange)""; ""It doesn't take preternatural intuition to know when she's angry. (extraordinary)""; ""Like a preternatural sixth sense, the blind man always knew when someone was near. (superhuman, unusual)""; ""The child's preternatural ability to solve complicated puzzles at an early age caused his parents to enroll him in a school for the gifted. (unusual, extraordinary)"" --> Preternatural is probably best learned by breaking it down. The prefix preter means ""past, beyond."" Therefore, preternatural means ""beyond nature"" or ""beyond what is natural."""

leery

"(adj) Suspicious or wary(sakıngan,ihtiyatlı,tedbirli) / careful in the way that you deal with something or someone because you do not trust them [= wary]: leery of: ""I was very leery of him after I found out he had lied to Jennifer.""; ""Many employers, even in academe, are leery of providing letters of recommendation or references.""; ""Despite the power of placebos, many conventional doctors are leery of prescribing them.""; ""Be leery of checks received from companies you do not do business with."" --> Jerry is always Leery about Tom."

turgid

"(adj) Swollen, inflated; or, metaphorically ""inflated,"" such as in overblown, pompous speech [SYN pompous, overblown, grandiloquent, grandiose, inflated, swollen, bloated] / turgid writing or speech is boring and difficult to understand [= dull]: ""a turgid Social Science textbook""; ""turgid technical manuals"" / full and swollen with liquid or air / pompous or overly serious; bloated(davul gibi şişmiş) and swollen from fluid // ""I could not sit through another minute of the actor's long, turgid, and unnecessarily complicated acceptance speech. (pompous, wordy, grandiose)""; ""The doctor said grandpa's turgid veins were caused by his diabetes. (swollen, bloated)""; ""After his success in the stock market, Mike's already turgid ego became even more inflated. (figurative sense of swollen, inflated)""; ""There is a woman at my book club who loves to expatiate about her understanding of the book in a turgid manner. (grandiose, pompous)"" --> Turgid is derived from the Latin turgidus, which means ""inflated and swollen."" Although turgid still means ""swollen,"" the word is most often used to refer to overly serious speech. Think of someone with a ""swollen head"" who thinks what he has to say is the most important thing in the world. Note: Do not confuse turgid with turbid. Turbid means ""unclear, obscure, confused, disordered"" and, when referring to liquids, ""muddy, thick, unclear."" Turgid means ""enlarged, swollen"" and, when referring to language as noted above, means ""pompous, overblown, grandiloquent."" Both words are rare, so they are often mixed up. / Turgid describes something that's swollen, typically by fluids, like a turgid water balloon that's way too big to resist dropping on your friend's head. Turgid comes from the Latin word turgidus, meaning ""swollen, inflated."" Turgid can be used in a figurative sense to describe things that are overblown. That might remind you of some people's egos! If a famous singer wants to showcase his incredible vocal range and his love of yodeling in a single song, the result may well be turgid, something so swollen with notes and styles that it seems ready to burst. / turgid= sounds like TRAGEDY - People always tell tragedies by overblown and inflated and serious language"

lachrymose

"(adj) Tearful, mournful; often crying: ""a lachrymose drama""; ""The death of her husband turned her into a lachrymose woman, ready to cry at the drop of a hat. (emotional, weepy)""; ""The lachrymose child cried all day about how he missed his mother. (teary, depressed)""; ""She is always so lachrymose that it's hard to be around her without becoming depressed oneself. (emotional, depressed, weepy)""; ""I was quite stoic(sabırlı,acıya dayanıklı) when my dad first died, and it wasn't until several months passed that I became lachrymose. (mournful, sorrowful)"" --> Lachrymose is derived from the Latin lacrimosus, which means ""tearful or full of sorrow."" Someone who is lachrymose is more than just sad; he or she is deeply sorrowful and has a tendency to cry easily."

nominal

"(adj) Trivial, so small as to be unimportant; in name only, so-called / nominal sum/charge/fee etc: a very small sum of money, especially when compared with what something would usually cost or what it is worth: ""A nominal charge is made for use of the tennis courts."" / officially described as being something, when this is not really true: ""Their conversion to Christianity was only nominal."" / nominal value/rate/income etc: (technical) a nominal value etc does not show what something is really worth or really costs, because it does not take into account changes in the price of other goods and services [? real]: ""If prices rise and the nominal wage remains constant, the real wage falls."" // being something in name only; small or unimportant; satisfactory or according to what was planned; having to do with or being a name; having to do with or being a noun / ""He is really just a nominal member of the Board of Directors, and he rarely participates in meetings. (titular, in name only)""; ""You will be asked to pay a nominal fee in order to receive your prize. (small, insignificant)""; ""The groups are divided into nominal categories. (name-based)""; ""He is only the nominal president of our corporation and doesn't actually serve as a decision-maker. (titular, honorary) --> Nominal originated from the Latin nomen, ""name."" Something that is nominal is ""in name only"" and thus, also takes the meaning of being insignificant. A nominal fee, for instance, is so small that it is only charged as a formality. When using nominal to describe something in name only, nominal is synonymous with titular(ünvandan ibaret olan; ismi var cismi yok). Titular is a more sophisticated word. Nominal can also refer to a specific type of interest or to the difference between the principle and interest in a loan. / göstermelik; ismen var olan"

tortuous

"(adj) Twisting, winding, complex; devious, not straightforward / having many turns and bends / not direct or straightforward / intricate and complex // ""a tortuous mountain trail""; ""a twisting, tortuous track through the Snake Mountains""; ""At last, an end to the tortuous negotiations was in sight.""; ""It took six months of tortuous negotiations to reach an agreement.""; ""Most of the villages are accessible only by boat or along tortuous jungle trails.""; ""The book begins with a long, tortuous introduction.""; ""His rather tortuous explanation seems to come to this.""; ""I love going to the cabin, but I dread driving up the tortuous mountain roads in order to get there. (curved, twisting)""; ""The negotiations are expected to be long and tortuous. (complex, complicated)""; ""I wish she would be more up-front instead of hinting at her needs in a tortuous way. (indirect)""; ""The government should find a way to make tax laws less tortuous and more easy for the average person to understand. (complicated, complex)"" --> Many people confuse the word tortuous with its homonym torturous. The words share a common origin but are very different. Tortuous describes things that are twisted, complicated, or indirect. Torturous describes things marked by torture. Both words are derivatives from the Latin word tortus, which means ""twisted."" A tortuous path is a twisted, complicated, and indirect route."

immutable

"(adj) Unchangeable / never changing or impossible to change: ""This decision should not be seen as immutable.""; ""I do not believe that this perceptual process is either universal or immutable, but it is ubiquitous and extremely potent.""; ""Once my parents make a decision, it is immutable and they never change their minds. (constant, unalterable)""; ""He's lived a long, hard life, and his views on the world are immutable at this point. (permanent, fixed, unalterable)""; ""Some people regard the rules of English grammar and punctuation as an immutable, others view them as evolving. (constant, fixed)""; ""The Constitution was not designed to be an immutable set of laws, but rather a rule of law that made the creation or changing of laws difficult. (constant, unchanging)"" --> Immutable has the same root as mutate, ""to change."" The negative prefix im-, ""not,"" makes immutable mean ""unchangeable."""

catholic

"(adj) Universal, broad-minded / including a very wide variety of things: ""She has catholic tastes (=likes a lot of different things).""; ""a catholic collection of records""; --> ""of the doctrines of the ancient Church,"" literally ""universally accepted,"" from French catholique, from Church Latin catholicus ""universal, general,"" from Greek katholikos, from phrase kath' holou ""on the whole, in general,"" from kata ""about"" + genitive of holos ""whole"" (see safe (adj.)). Applied to the Church in Rome c.1554, after the Reformation began. General sense of ""of interest to all, universal"" is from 1550s. / Catholic Christians are found everywhere in the world....so they are present universally."

hapless

"(adj) Unlucky, unfortunate: ""The hapless passengers were stranded at the airport for three days.""; ""Several hapless hikers got caught in the snowstorm.""; ""The hapless wanderer could find no resting place and suffered another night in the bitter cold. (unlucky, pitiable)""; ""The hapless refugees were driven from their homes, families, and way of life. (unfortunate)""; ""We were the hapless victims of a fire, just after our insurance policy expired. (unlucky, unfortunate)""; ""The hapless employees lost their pension, 401K, and in some cases, their entire retirement when the company went defunct. (unfortunate, unlucky)"" --> Someone who is hapless usually incites pity. It is a stronger word than either unlucky or unfortunate and usually denotes both. / someone who is helpless is unlucky"

fractious

"(adj) Unruly, troublemaking; irritable / someone who is fractious becomes angry very easily [= irritable]: ""Children become fractious when they are tired.""; ""Maggie grew up in a large, fractious family.""; ""The fractious bull was inclined to gore anyone in its path. (hostile, volitile)""; ""A heavy workload and the stress of a tight deadline created a fractious environment within the team. (irritable, hostile, touchy)""; ""The substitute teacher couldn't manage the overly fractious class, so she got up and quit on the spot. (unruly, unmanageable)""; ""I am so glad I don't work there anymore; the fractious working environment made it impossible to get anything done, and work was never enjoyable. (volatile, hostile, difficult)"" --> To learn the word fractious, think, to fracture (break) the peace or ease of a situation. Someone who is fractious likes to cause trouble and make things difficult for others. Fractious machinery may require extensive safety precautions. A fractious system, or department within a large entity, is one which is not well managed or organized. / fraction 'lack of agreement' (16-18 centuries) / fractious(FRACTURE TO US): he is so irritable and becomes angry easily, if we bug him he may give a fracture to us..."

indefatigable

"(adj) Untiring, not able to become fatigued / determined and never giving up: ""an indefatigable campaigner for human rights""; ""an indefatigable worker""; ""In New York, the indefatigable Olmsted refused to give up the battle.""; ""She won because of her indefatigable energy and willpower, mobilizing women in state after state where the Amendment was contested."" --> Early French indéfatigable, from Latin indefatigabilis, from fatigare; ? FATIGUE"

august

"(adj) Venerable, majestic; inspiring admiration / impressive and respected: ""The students on the tour stared in awe(korku ve merakla karışık saygı) at the august halls of the famed university. (magnificent, impressive, imposing)""; ""The philanthropist was an august member of society. (venerable, noble, dignified)""; ""The large and august courtroom made everyone act more seriously and respectfully. (imposing, impressive)""; ""The palace's august grounds were the perfect setting for the royal ball. (regal, impressive)"" --> August often indicates something or someone of high social rank or importance. For a memory trick, think of august people with high social rank or importance attending a daytime party in the month of August. How would they dress? Most likely in suits since they are ""high society,"" so they will look sweaty and uncomfortable, which is ironic and funny."

ebullient

"(adj) Very enthusiastic, lively, excited; bubbling as though being boiled / very happy and excited: ""My father is a naturally ebullient personality.""; ""Supporters of the amendment were ebullient at the outcome of the vote.""; ""A famously ebullient man, Fuller was initially stiff and uncomfortable as an actor.""; ""He is as good as his name, as wild, eccentric and ebullient as Keane is demure and disciplined.""; ""The river rafters eyed with excitement the ebullient water ahead. (agitated, bubbling)""; ""The children's usual ebullience was magnified with the announcement of an upcoming trip to Disneyland. (excitement, energy, enthusiasm, exuberance) noun""; ""Her ebullience did not flourish at that job, as she felt she couldn't connect with her colleagues. (exuberance, enthusiasm) noun""; ""The chef put the potatoes in the pot once the water was ebullient. (boiling, bubbling)"" --> Ebullient comes from the Latin word ebullire, which means ""to bubble out."" The noun ebullience usually refers to exuberance or animation and energy in expression. Think, enthusiasm and excitement growing bigger like bubbles. Think of a ""bubbly"" personality. / A bull is violent(excited)."

pernicious

"(adj) Very harmful or destructive, deadly / very harmful or evil, often in a way that you do not notice easily: ""The team of scientists were working on cures for some of the world's most pernicious diseases. (deadly)""; ""The shark bite left a pernicious wound on the young woman's body. (fatal)""; ""She was immediately afraid of the man because she could tell that he had pernicious intentions. (malicious, wicked)""; ""Terrorists execute pernicious plots intended to hurt innocent people. (deadly, malicious)"" --> Pernicious is derived from the Latin pernicies, which means ""destruction"" or ""death."" Something pernicious is likely to cause harm and death. It is a very harsh word and should be used to describe things that are extremely dangerous, not just mildly harmful. An easy way to remember this word is to recall that it rhymes with ""malicious."" One of the definitions for pernicious is synonymous with malicious. Pernicious is an even stronger word than malicious. Malicious describes the intent to hurt someone, either physically or emotionally. Pernicious is the intent to kill or seriously hurt and harm someone."

fervid

"(adj) Very hot; heated in passion or enthusiasm / believing or feeling something too strongly / burning or glowing with intense heat; describes an impassioned, zealous spirit or enthusiasm toward one's beliefs // ""One issue was how to appease an ideologically fervid group of freshmen Republican legislators.""; ""There was a sound of chains rattling, and the fervid snarling of the beasts increased.""; ""The candidates fervid accusations toward his opponent were taken very seriously. (vehement, impassioned)""; ""Water became fervid in the hot springs, just before the volcano erupted. (fiery, torrid, boiling)""; ""He is fervid in his support of our President. (impassioned, vehement)""; ""He is most fervid advocate of animal rights in the world. (impassioned, vehement)"" --> Fervid is derived from the Latin fervidus, from fervere, "to boil." It carries a similar sincerity and intensity as fanatic, except that fervid describes a more legitimate and tempered strength of emotion. A fervid supporter of a political cause could be seen as someone to be taken seriously. Fervid is a direct synonym of fervent, and the two words can be used interchangeably. Fervid is also synonymous with ardent, vehement, and zealous. See Fervent for a detailed analysis of these synonyms."

stentorian

"(adj) Very loud and powerful (generally of a human voice) / a stentorian voice is very loud and powerful: ""He frowned and in stentorian fashion summoned a doctor.""; ""His stentorian approach and his commanding presence have been influential on the good order of the Assembly.""; ""Perhaps Harriet had been roused by Pringle's stentorian cry."" --> The adjective stentorian describes a booming voice. If you're teaching a group of unruly kids, you'll need to practice a stentorian voice to be heard above the din. The adjective stentorian comes from Greek mythology. Stentor was a herald in the Trojan War, mentioned in Homer's ""Iliad."" Homer wrote of brazen-voiced Stentor, whose cry was as loud as that of fifty men together. So anyone with a stentorian voice has a voice like the mythic Stentor. You can also use stentorian to describe a style of speaking that emphasizes boom and power. / THOR has a very loud and powerful voice. but when he is angry he 'gets ten thorian' voice"

hoary

"(adj) Very old, gray or white as from old age / a hoary joke, remark etc is so well-known that people no longer find it amusing or interesting: ""Not that hoary old chestnut (=old idea, joke, remark etc) again.""; ""At least one House Republican freshman maintains a hoary political tradition by staging town meetings with his constituents.""; ""Of course, I'm not the first hoary writer to make the bestseller lists for the first time.""; ""So there goes another beloved, hoary stereotype.""; ""The movie takes all these hoary cliches and presents them without any trace of irony or self-awareness."" / grey or white in colour, especially through age: ""All the grass in front was brittle and hoary white.""; ""The tips of many hairs are white, giving an overall frosted, hoary appearance.""; ""This particular animal, the hoary bat, prefers trees to caves and doesn't socialize with its fellows."" --> When people are old and their hairs are grey or white, they stard doing well-known jokes and behaviours and dream for Huri which is granted in other world / Hoary or Hairy (white and grey here)."

irresolute

"(adj) Wavering, not sure how to proceed, not firm in one's decision-making [kararsız,tereddütlü,ikircimli] / unable to decide what to do [= uncertain; ? resolute]: ""He was old and somewhat irresolute and indecisive.""; ""She turned away from the door, stood irresolute outside the door of her own cabin.""; ""Because of his irresolute disposition, the politician never took a firm stance on any issue. (hesitant, indecisive)""; ""The irresolute girl could not decide on a dress to wear to the prom. (indecisive)""; ""Her reply seemed irresolute, and I could tell she was still uncertain. (hesitant, doubtful)""; ""John was irresolute about supporting the issue, so he didn't want to devote a lot of time to it. (faltering, fearful, uncertain)"" --> Think of the root word resolve, which means ""to reach a firm decision."" The root word of irresolute, resolute, means ""determined in character, action, or ideas."" Combine resolute with the negative prefix ir-, which means ""not,"" and irresolute describes people who lack resolve and cannot make firm decisions."

frenetic

"(adj) Wildly excited, frantic, distracted / frenetic activity is fast and not very organized [= frantic]: ""She rushes from job to job at a frenetic pace.""; ""I don't think I could handle the frenetic environment on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange. (highly active, frenzied)""; ""It was a busy day on Wall Street, where the frenetic trading of the morning set the pace for the day. (frenzied, frantic)""; ""Her frenetic mornings include getting all six kids out of bed, dressed, fed, and to school on time. (frantic, chaotic)""; ""Some people like the frenetic pace of an ad agency, others prefer more placid working environments. (frenzied, hurried)"" --> Use frenetic to describe situations with a lot of activity--a number of things going on at once with a sense of being overwhelmed. Think of the related synonym frenzied. / frénétique, from Latin phreneticus (delirious), from Greek phren 'mind' / [çılgınca, şiddetli, hummalı, telaşlı] [fren yapmak etik değildi] acil serviste işler o kadar hummalı, telaşlı ve çılgınca ilerliyordu ki, fren etik değildi orda. "

trenchant

"(adj) forceful or vigorous, effective, keen; caustic, sharp [keskin, sert, etkili] / expressed very strongly, effectively, and directly without worrying about offending people: ""Stockman became one of the President's most trenchant critics.""; ""Brown's article contains trenchant social criticism.""; ""His writing and reflections, in fact, are not just trenchant but at times witty, even amusing.""; ""With trenchant criticism, the politician said that his opponent lacked morality. (biting, powerful, direct)""; ""There were boos and hisses during the politician's speech, but the most trenchant comment came from a child who simply said, ""you stink."" (critical, clear, powerful)""; ""The student wrote a trenchant and powerful essay about World War II. (incisive, direct)""; ""The defendant made a trenchant argument in his own defense. (forceful, powerful)"" --> If you're trenchant, it means you think or say smart, sharply worded things that cut right to the heart of the matter. A trenchant observation is one that makes people scratch their chins thoughtfully, or wince with embarrassment for whomever you're talking about, or both. The word trenchant originates from tranchant, which in French means ""sharp"" or ""cutting,"" and it's related to the word trench, which originally meant a line carved in wood and later came to mean a ditch carved into the earth. The word is often used to describe political commentary or cultural criticism. One person known for her trenchant wit was the author and critic Mary McCarthy, who once said of the writer Lillian Hellman, ""Every word she writes is a lie, including the 'and' and the 'the'."" / "

erstwhile

"(adj, adv) Former, previous or in the past: ""She found herself ostracized(toplum dışı bırakmak) by erstwhile friends.""; ""He has won over many of his erstwhile critics.""; ""What were your options when an erstwhile love returned?""; ""Before becoming big successes, these erstwhile college students shared a room."" (adj) // in the past, formerly; at a former time. (adv) --> erst 'formerly' (11-19 centuries) (from Old English ærest 'earliest') + while / "

expedient

"(adj, n) Suitable, proper; effective, often at the expense of ethics or other considerations; helping you to deal with a problem quickly and effectively although sometimes in a way that is not morally right [? inexpedient]: ""This solution is politically expedient but may well cause long-term problems.""; expedient to do something: ""We think it is expedient to make a good-will gesture to the new administration."" (adj) // a quick and effective way of dealing with a problem: ""Moore escaped by the simple expedient of lying down in a clump of grass.""; ""Where a system of conscription(askere alma çağrısı) operated all sorts of expedients were used to avoid service."" /// ""Forcing employees to work overtime without overtime pay is an expedient solution to our cash-flow problem, but in the long-run, it may affect company morale. (advantageous, opportunistic, practical) adjective""; ""When working with contractors, it is expedient not to pay them until the job is completed to your satisfaction. (advantageous, practical) adjective""; ""The steel tariff created by the President was a political expedient to help win support from union workers in the steel industry, but ultimately caused higher steel prices. (means, devise) noun""; ""Under the circumstances, it was expedient for me to apologize for my mistake and continue with my work, even though I didn't do anything wrong. (advantageous) adjective"" --> (avantajlı, çıkarlara uygun düşen, belki doğru olmayan ama elverişli) / pronounce it like ""experienced""...an experienced person is always SUITABLE and EFFECTIVE for making decisions often at the expense of ethics.."

halcyon

"(adj; n) Calm and peaceful, carefree; prosperous, successful, happy / (halcyon days) a time in the past when you were very happy: ""For a time the halcyon days of 1825 returned."" (adjective) [sakin,huzurlu,durgun,dingin] // a mythical bird thought to have brought calm to the seas; a kingfisher(iskelekuşu). (noun) /// ""Once they're back at school, children usually miss the halcyon days of summer vacation. (carefree, relaxed, happy) adjective""; ""The vacationers at the lake were greeted with the colorful sight of a young halcyon searching for breakfast. (bird, kingfisher) noun""; ""The sea went from stormy and turbulent to calm and halcyon. (peaceful, placid) adjective""; ""I love the lake when it is serene and halcyon. (peaceful, calm) adjective"" --> The word halcyon comes from Greek mythology, where it referred to a bird that had the power to bring calm to the seas during its nesting time (the winter solstice). In modern usage and as an adjective, halcyon has come to describe happy, carefree, and peaceful times. It also refers to a type of bird, otherwise known as a ""kingfisher."" / eskiden tatvan'ın o sakin, huzurlu, durgun günlerinde halı siliyon, halı asıyon apartmanın aşağısında."

scurvy

"(adj; n) Contemptible(alçakça, aşağılık), mean [SYN abject, low, low-down, miserable, scummy]: ""This scurvy trick had made me angry, and I made up my mind to take up the poor man's cause.""; ""Youth, whatsoever thou art, thou art but a scurvy fellow.""; ""As you clearly show, it mostly benefits scurvy politicians, and even scurvier tabloids."" (adjective) /// a condition caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid, vitamin C (noun) --> Scurvy has some alarming symptoms: your gums become soft and tender and your teeth fall out. Scurvy has become a rarity in most parts of the world, but in regions where food is scarce and malnutrition common, it's still a problem. The unpleasant associations of the word also make it a colorful (and archaic) way to describe something low-down and miserable, as in ""that was a scurvy trick you played on me, you dastardly cur!"" / pirates with scurvy looks miserable and low..."

pejorative

"(adj; n) Disparaging, derogatory, belittling / expressing disapproval or belittling the importance of something: ""For hard-line Republicans, the word 'liberal' had become a pejorative term.""; ""He used the word 'girl' in the pejorative sense when referring to the women who worked for him.""; ""I didn't mean for her to take my comment in a pejorative way. (negative, disparaging) adjective""; ""The word ""feminist"" seems to be losing the pejorative connotation it used to have. (negative, derisive) adjective""; ""I have learned to ignore her pejorative remarks and I no longer allow them to upset me. (belittling, disparaging) adjective""; ""Was that a purposely pejorative comment, or was your rude remark meant to be sarcastic? (negative, rude) adjective"" (adj) // a name or word that is disparaging; a critical or disapproving word or comment (noun) --> Pejorative is derived from the Latin pejor, which means ""worse."" Something pejorative usually means it's been taken in the worst or most negative way. A pejorative comment expresses contempt and disapproval. Pejorative is also related to the word pessimistic in origin and in meaning; ""expressing disapproval or negativity."" Pejorative is synonymous with disparaging. Disparaging has a verb form (disparage) while pejorative does not. ""I will not be disparaged (criticized, insulted) by her pejorative (negative, insulting) comments."" Use which ever word seems to be more comfortable for you. / pejmürde kıyafler giymek, küçük düşürücü / senior resident was yelling at new resident and saying 'PAGE OR AT least don't do anything if you don't know something', it was disparaging and belittling"

penitent

"(adj; n) Regretful, feeling remorse for one's sins or misdeeds / feeling sorry because you have done something wrong, and are intending not to do it again [= repentant]: ""Phil was trying hard to look penitent.""; ""He'd have liked to have seen Gina reading one of their notes with a penitent expression."" (adjective) // a person who feels this way (noun) /// ""The penitent defendant broke down in tears after the verdict(jüri kararı) was read. (remorseful, regretful) adjective""; ""The priest listened to the confessions of penitents all day long. (atoning members) noun""; ""What you did was very wrong, but because you have been so penitent, I'm willing to forgive you. (remorseful, contrite) adjective""; ""Her apology was rather weak, and I don't really think she's penitent at all. (sorry, regretful) adjective"" --> Think of the related noun penance, as it means ""remorse for past conduct."" Penitent describes a person feeling strong remorse. Penitent is similar to the word contrite. Penitent should be used to describe someone who knows they have done something wrong and are ashamed of the wrong doing. For example: ""The penitent child hung his head low after he rudely cursed."" Contrite should be used to describe the nature of a person's apology and whether or not it is genuine: ""I couldn't tell if he was truly contrite when he apologized."" / penitentiary(n): a prison - used especially in the names of prisons. / he took a pen and stained all the walls in the house. later he was yelled and he felt regretful for his mistake, and he spent the night in a tent. because a pen, a tent was his bed that night."

itinerant

"(adj; n) Traveling from place to place, esp. as part of a job [gezgin, seyyah]: ""Itinerant laborers travel with all their possessions from farm to farm in search of work.""; ""In middle age she was an impoverished and eccentric itinerant, abandoned by her husband and family.""; ""His modesty is such that, if you get into casual conversation with him, you might mistake him for an itinerant preacher.""; ""The outside world knew of the horrors and atrocities of that day only from the reports of itinerant journalists."" --> Latin, present participle of itinerari 'to go on a journey', from iter 'journey' / işi gereği çok gezen, 'seyyah gezgin' bir adamdı. her gittiği yerden birşeyler alırdı. başka gittiği bir yerden köpek almış ve arkadaşı bunu görünce soruyor 'iti nerden aldın'."

ribald

"(adj; n) Using or relating to obscene or vulgar humor / ribald remarks or jokes are humorous, rude, and about sex: ""For the next hour we silently suffered their ribald comments and downright abuse.""; ""I was impressed with this ribald inter-office banter."" (adjective) /// a person who uses language that is humorously vulgar and sexual (noun) // ""She didn't like the movie because it was full of really bad, ribald jokes. (lewd, vulgar) adjective""; ""The ribald made everyone at the dinner party feel uncomfortable with lewd(açık saçık,müstehcen) comments about the hostess. (vulgar man) noun""; ""Her ribald sense of humor was not appreciated at the children's party. (indecent, dirty) adjective""; ""My best friend's bachelorette party turned out to be a ribald affair complete with male strippers and adult toys. (racy, naughty) adjective"" --> Ribald is derived from the Old French riber, which means ""sleep around or be wanton."" Ribald describes language that is coarse or vulgar, but usually in a humorous way. / The man named ArchiBALD was a naughty person. He was using vulgar, humorous sexual language."

incarnadine

"(adj; v) Blood red or flesh-colored; Of a fleshy pink color. (adjective) / To make incarnadine, especially to redden. (verb) // ""Will all great Neptune's ocean wash this blood clean from my hand? No. This my hand will rather the multitudinous seas incarnadine, making the green one red. (Shakespeare)"" --> When you incarnate(insan şekline girmek), you take birth in a body filled with red blood and flesh ... the blood colour is incardine / I see the word cardinal inCARnADINe(L) which is red."

manifest

"(adj; v) Obvious, apparent, perceptible to the eye / plain and easy to see [= obvious, patent]: ""a manifest error of judgment""; be made/become manifest (=be clearly shown): ""Their devotion to God is made manifest in ritual prayer.""; ""The educational system is a manifest failure."" (adjective) // to show, make clear, or prove / to show a feeling, attitude etc: ""The shareholders have manifested their intention to sell the shares.""; manifest something in/as/through something: ""A dog's protective instincts are manifested in increased alertness."" / manifest itself: to appear or to become easy to see: ""His illness began to manifest itself at around this time."" (verb) / ""The union workers elected to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes. (present, display, show) adjective""; ""His talent manifested itself in the performance. (revealed, showed) verb""; ""The signs of aging were beginning to manifest themselves, and the model knew she would soon have to retire. (show, reveal, exhibit) verb""; ""The singer's extraordinary number of album sales last month manifests her popularity. (proves, demonstrates) verb"" --> The Latin origin of the word manifest, manifestus, literally meant ""caught in the act."" Something described as manifest is clear and unmistakable. Thus, the familiar term ""manifest destiny"" refers to a clear, obvious, and inevitable future. As a verb, manifest is used in place of appear, reveal, show, or display, as a more sophisticated and precise way of denoting these actions. Manifest is a very powerful verb. When the word manifest is used as a noun, it refers to the cargo list of a plane or ship, or it can refer to the actual cargo itself."

searchingly

"(adv) In a searching or penetrating manner; while examining closely or probing for answers: ""She looked at me long and searchingly, then said something in Romany.""; "" ""What in the world does he mean?"" asked Mr. Mant, casting his eyes searchingly from Prissy to General Napoleon and back again.""; ""As I stood before him he looked me over searchingly and inquired as to whether I had any references.""; ""He looked me over searchingly, and I tried to appear unaffected by his scrutinizing glances."" // searching (adj): intended to find out all the facts about something: searching questions/investigation/examination etc: ""Interviewees need to be ready for some searching questions."" / searching look/glance/gaze: a look from someone who is trying to find out as much as possible about someone else's thoughts and feelings: ""She avoided his long searching look.""; ""He was in his mid-thirties, tall and thin, with searching eyes and hair cropped like a Buddhist monk.""; ""Pulling away, she struggled from the chair, from his searching hands."" --> coming from search, so means ""arayan gözler/sorular/..."""

hotly

"(adv) In an intense, fiery, or heated way / in an excited or angry way: hotly debated/disputed/denied etc: ""The rumor has been hotly denied.""; ""But privatization of any government function has been hotly contested issue in Sacramento.""; ""Whilst the consequences of these changes may be hotly debated, their marketing impact on business enterprises has been immense."" / done with a lot of energy and effort: ""one of the most hotly contested congressional elections""; ""The man ran out of the store, hotly pursued (=chased closely) by security guards."" --> in a heated manner= öfke ve kaba kuvvetle; kızgınlıkla; yakından ve hevesle"

per se

"(adv) Intrinsically; by itself; in itself / used to say that something is being considered alone, not with other connected things: ""The color of the shell per se does not affect the quality of the egg.""; ""Money per se is not the main reason that people change careers.""; ""The fear has nothing to do with race per se, the researchers say, but only points to our fears of other social groups.""; ""It isn't clear whether serotonin influences aggression per se or simply impulse control."""

albeit

"(conjunction) Although, even though / used to add information that reduces the force or importance of what you have just said [= although]: ""He accepted the job, albeit with some hesitation.""; ""Chris went with her, albeit reluctantly.""; ""But in the 1820s, at least one forward-thinking mathematician envisioned a calculating machine, albeit far from portable.""; ""Other observers eventually concluded that Piazzi's discovery was indeed a planet, albeit a small one."" "

malediction

"(n) A curse / a wish that something bad will happen to someone [= curse]: ""As if that quest were not macabre enough in itself, I went as if under some sort of malediction.""; ""It is a kind of malediction.""; ""They are defeated from the start by some nameless malediction.""; ""But like the movie mummies who invoke the malediction, the legend of the mummy's curse seems destined never to die.""; ""Patrick cleared the island of all "varmint(serseri,ayak takımı)" by his malediction."" --> she told a bad curse to that drug dealer, said he got a mal addiction."

rift

"(n) A gap or fissure (such as in rock), a break in friendly relations [SYN: separation, estrangement, breach, spilt, dissension, divide, crack, gap, chasm, fault] / a situation in which two people or groups have had a serious disagreement and begun to dislike and not trust each other [= split]: rift between/with: ""Party officials have denied that there is any rift between ministers.""; rift over: ""Today's announcement could lead to a further rift over public spending.""; ""He set out to heal the rifts in the party."" / a fissure, or gap, usually in the earth, rock, or clouds // ""It was just one argument, but it created a permanent rift between them. (split, estrangement)""; ""They had traveled many miles when they came upon a rift that was too wide to cross. (chasm, crevasse, divide)""; ""Their opposing views of how to run the company created a big rift between their management teams. (separation, divide)""; ""I don't think they will be able to come to a compromise; the rift between their two ideas is too wide. (gap, divide)"" --> The word rift literally means ""a large crack or geological fault line."" Figuratively, it is used as a more sophisticated way of describing a large gap between two opposing sides or ideas. There is also a verb definition of rift, with the meaning ""to divide, split, or penetrate."" / Rift sounds like rip, and it's helpful to think of it that way. When there is a rift in a political party over how much taxes to pay, it is like a rip or tear in the fabric of the group. Rift has a slightly different sense than break. A group can have a rift without having fully broken apart. A rift can heal, though a break is permanent. A rift can arise between sisters over whose turn it is to do dishes; it can quickly heal when parents promise an ice cream trip when the dishes are done. The Earth's crust has rifts, where it's splitting apart, like in East Africa."

maxim

"(n) A general truth or fundamental principle, esp. expressed as a proverb or saying [özdeyiş,vecize] / a well-known phrase or saying, especially one that gives a rule for sensible behaviour: ""That's always been one of Father's maxims.""; ""The old maxim 'All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy' is true in most cases. (adage, saying)""; ""I try to live by the maxim ""Patience is a virtue."" (rule, motto)""; ""He lived by the maxim ""Nothing risked is nothing gained."" (rule, motto)""; ""Many companies employ maxims, or mottoes(düstür,slogan,parola), to define their company philosophy. (mottoes, dictums)"" --> A maxim is usually a brief statement which can serve as a principle or rule for behavior or proper conduct. / Maxim Gorki gives a lot of sayings, rules and dictums in his books."

sinecure

"(n) A job or position that pays while requiring little or no work / a job which you get paid for even though you do not have to do very much work: ""It was not long before the Princess proved that her patronage was not intended as a sinecure.""; ""This is not to suggest that bowling to Taylor and, in particular, McCullum is in any way a sinecure.""; ""In African countries such as Ghana, Nigeria and Uganda teaching is all too often a sinecure, not a vocation.""; ""The office of an undertaker, in those days, was no sinecure.""; ""The office was understood to be lucrative, but he was not destined to hold this sinecure for more than a few weeks."" --> If you have a cushy job — one that pays, but involves minimal work — then you have a sinecure. ""Because he was the brother of the CEO, he was offered a sinecure in the company: he showed up each day and collected a pay check, but others actually did his work."" The noun sinecure comes from the Latin root words sine cura meaning ""without care."" It originally was used to describe a church position that did not include caring for the souls of parishioners, but that meaning is considered archaic now. The word is now usually associated with political appointments. / all you have to do is SIgN papers and your job will be sECURE / 'sign a cure' then you will have a job wich requires no work."

echelon

"(n) A level, rank or grade; the people at that level / a rank or level of authority in an organization, business etc, or the people at that level: upper/higher/lower echelons: ""the upper echelons of government""; ""Their clients are drawn from the highest echelons of society.""; ""Even the highest echelons of management could not explain the decision.""; ""The nobility of Savoy was also closely linked to the upper echelons of the clergy.""; ""When you are in the lower echelons of any service, you are left guessing a lot of the time."" --> 'basamak ve kademe' atlamak için eşelendi durdu."

sobriquet

"(n) A nickname / an unofficial title or name [= nickname]: ""Fortunately some of the neighbours intervened, and it was they who invented the sobriquet.""; ""His youngest son was known to Regency society by the sobriquet Poodle Byng.""; ""I became friendly with the woman in charge, a vast and haughty person who answered to the sobriquet Duchesse.""; ""This sobriquet is a product of the sixteenth century.""; ""She made a fortune as a gas trader in the mid-1990s, earning the sobriquet 'gas princess'.""; ""Before she had won a general election vote in the UK, Thatcher had won the sobriquet overseas of the Iron Lady.""; ""The sobriquet has stuck since he was in high school.""; ""No matter how lovingly the sobriquet was used, she found it patronizing.""; ""Here, too, are pictures of her husband which fully justify his popular sobriquet, ""handsome Jack Musters."" "" --> If people start calling you ""Mac"" because you like to eat macaroni and cheese for every meal, then you not only have a strange diet, but you also have a sobriquet — in other words, a nickname. Sobriquet is derived from the French word soubriquet. Sobriquets are often but not always humorous, so in order to pronounce this word, you might want to remember that the last syllable rhymes with play. Sobriquets are usually given to you by other people, but you can choose one for yourself if you want. If your name is Jennifer and you tend to introduce yourself as Jen, this also qualifies as a sobriquet. / genç futbolcu şutlarının isabetsizliği ve yeteneksizliği sebebiyle ""SABRİ İKİ"" 'lakabını' aldı"

platitude

"(n) A shallow, overused statement; cliche / a statement that has been made many times before and is not interesting or clever - used to show disapproval: ""His excuse was the platitude 'boys will be boys.'""; ""Mr Gringold droned on, mouthing the usual platitudes about motivation and self-reliance.""; ""The management tried to satisfy staff with some platitudes about the need to make sacrifices for the benefit of the company.""; ""The marriage counsellor could only offer us a string of empty platitudes.""; ""When my grandma used the old adage ""a stitch in time saves nine,"" we thought it was a silly platitude and had no idea what it had to do with finishing our homework. (adage, saying)""; ""His speech was full of platitudes and never offered any true insights. (banalities, clichés)""; ""Please stop talking in platitudes and provide us with some helpful advice. (clichés)""; ""Her incessant platitudes made everyone in the room wonder whether she ever came up with an original thought. (clichés, adages)"" --> Think of the word flat (which rhymes with plat), as it can mean ""bland, lacking variety."" A platitude can be a proverb or adage, but it can also be any comment that's pointless and unnecessary. Use platitude to describe any cliché, old adage, or statement that was mentioned to be helpful, but added no value or was completely inappropriate. / flat + attitude: something flat does not attract us as it is very common. So somebody with flat attitude wil talk cliche and banal"

interregnum

"(n) A time in between two reigns or regimes during which there is no ruler; a period during which government does not function; any period of freedom from authority or break or interruption in a series / a period of time when a country or organization has no ruler or leader, and they are waiting for a new one --> regnum 'period of rule' / inter + regime"

scintilla

"(n) A tiny bit or trace / a very small amount of something: ""There isn't a scintilla of evidence.""; ""It might take more than a scintilla of English vocabulary knowledge to know that scintilla means a tiny bit of something.""; ""One should mention, if only as a historical footnote, that there was not a scintilla of evidence supporting prolonged bed rest.""; ""If you listen to them, you'll learn that there is ""not so much as a scintilla of evidence of bigger being better in banking"". ""; "" ""I have absolutely not a scintilla of doubt that their finances are doing fine,"" he said.""; ""There is not a scintilla of difference between the military and the White House in that regard.""; ""Judge Mark Horton said they showed not one ""scintilla of remorse"" throughout the trial and praised the way Dorset Trading Standards had handled the investigation.""; ""The claims in her lawsuit are a complete fabrication without a scintilla of truth,"" --> Scintilla is a long word for describing a tiny thing. It comes sandwiched between the words a and of in phrases like "a scintilla of doubt" or "not a single scintilla of evidence." If you're uncertain of the pronunciation, remember: it rhymes with chinchilla and the c is silent, just like in science. Similar words you can use to talk about tiny bits of something are iota, smidgen, speck, and whit. / there was 'a very small amount of' food in the school, you couldn't even catch the 'SCENT TILL A' spoon full of food was in front of your nose."

egress

"(n) An exit or the action of exiting / the act of leaving a building or place, or the right to do this / 1. a formal term for the act of coming or going; 2. a formal term for the right to depart; 3. a path or exit, also formal // ""Denied its usual egress, the river had burst its banks and was pouring down the fire-ravaged streets.""; ""The general's goal was to back the enemy into a corner where they would have no egress. (escape, exit)""; ""Dangerous weather prevented our egress. (departure)""; ""The fire department ensures codes are met for adequate egress in the event of a fire. (exit, escape)""; ""With their planned egress blocked by police, the bank robbers had to find a new outlet. (outlet, passage)"" --> Progress refers to going forward, regress refers to going backward, and egress refers to going out. Providing means of egress means ""providing ways of exit."" The term is often heard in the previous context when referring to people with disabilities and making it easier for them to egress. Egress, in its definition of coming or going, can also be referred to as egression. / gress- to go____digress-to stray____egress- to go out____ingress- to go in____ regress is to return to a former state"

supposition

"(n) Assumption, hypothesis, something that has been supposed / something that you think is true, even though you are not certain and cannot prove it: ""His version of events is pure supposition.""; supposition (that): ""The police are acting on the supposition that she took the money.""; ""The report will be based on fact, not supposition.""; ""The only other things she had were guesses and suppositions.""; ""His statements to the press were based completely on supposition. (conjecture, assumption); ""His supposition that I was married seemed odd, since I don't wear a ring on my finger. (assumption, belief)""; ""You can't make that supposition without having all the facts. (assumption, guess)""; ""Your supposition is completely false, and you don't have any evidence to prove otherwise. (theory, conjecture)"" --> The noun supposition is related the verb suppose. When you suppose (guess, assume) something, you are forming a supposition. Use supposition to refer to something that you suppose will happen or is true, but is not proven; e.g. ""I invested in the company on the supposition (assumptions, supposed belief) that they have a great product that will earn significant revenue."""

iconoclast

"(n) Attacker of cherished beliefs or institutions / someone who attacks established ideas and customs / a person who ruins or destroys religious images or icons; someone who challenges generally accepted beliefs and traditions--a heretic: ""His iconoclastic ideas put him under the silent but watchful eye of federal agents. (dissenting, nonconforming, heretical) adjective""; ""The political revolutionaries were also iconoclasts who hoped to break the power of the prevailing religious institution and its images. (heretics, dissidents)""; ""In the world of architecture, he is known as an iconoclast who goes against traditional thinking in architecture. (non-conformist)""; ""Upon further review of Leonardo Da Vinci's work, you see he was somewhat of an iconoclast who questioned the church's teachings within his religious paintings. (heretic, dissident, nonconformist)"" --> Iconoclast comes from the Greek combination of eikon, ""image,"" and klastes, ""breaker."" To help remember the meaning of iconoclast, think of someone who 'breaks"" images of religion or conventional society. For a memory trick, note how iconoclast sounds like ""icon crash."" Now, imagine someone throwing down an icon (religious or political representation) with a crash; that would be iconoclast, both literally and figuratively. The adjective form is iconoclastic."

mendicant

"(n) Beggar, or religious follower who lives by begging / someone who asks people for money in order to live, usually for religious reasons: ""The rich man who deludes himself into behaving like a mendicant may conserve his fortune although he will not be very happy.""; ""Concomitant(beraberinde gelen) with their function as places of worship, mosques served as social centers and as rest houses for travelers and itinerant mendicants."" --> Şurada oturan adam bir 'dilenci'. Nerden anladığımı sorarsan önündeki 'mendili kanıt' olarak gösteririm"

tyro

"(n) Beginner / someone new to a field or activity: ""He was a complete tyro, discovering a new medium and unsure how it would work.""; ""This is not the teenage tyro any more.""; ""Does the fact that a golf game allows a tyro like me to beat a real golfer like Joy make it bad?""; ""Even the tyro in the study of the evolution of religious belief knows that primitive forms of religion are entirely void of ethical content."" --> A tyro is a beginner, a new recruit, or someone who is just learning something. If you are the new guy at the job and you're wearing a big dorky badge that says ""Trainee"" on it, you are a tyro. Tyro isn't used much these days but it's similar to newbie, novice, or recruit. We have all been tyros at some point, but it doesn't necessarily prevent us from hazing the new kid, the next-generation tyro. Tyro can also be used as an adjective to describe someone new to a particular scene — such as ""the tyro congressman"" or ""the tyro quarterback."" / When I am a beginner, they say 'TAYlan TRYing TO do'"

neophyte

"(n) Beginner, novice; person newly converted to a religion / someone who has just started to learn a particular skill, art, job etc / a new member of a religious group // ""When she married Jim, she became a Catholic neophyte. (convert)""; ""Undergraduate students are generally neophytes in their chosen majors and need guidance from experienced professors. (novices)""; ""The neophyte on the team surprised everyone when she scored the winning goal. (rookie)""; ""I'm a neophyte when it comes to baking, so I'm a little nervous about how my first apple pie will turn out. (novice, beginner)"" --> The word neophyte, in Latin, literally means ""newly planted,"" which captures the idea of someone being newly committed to something. / new+fight= in the cult of fight club, a beginners make new fight to be accepted."

usury

"(n) Charging interest on a loan, esp. charging illegally high or excessive interest [tefecilik,faizcilik,aşırı faiz] / the act of lending money while charging the borrower a terribly large or illegally high amount of interest; excessive interest on a loan: ""In medieval times, it was illegal for Christians to practise usury.""; ""First, usury is not intrinsically wrong in the way that murder, adultery or theft are wrong.""; ""The church condemns usury and the loaning of money at high interest.""; ""The government has started punishing loan sharks more severely in order to crack down on usury. (vigorish, illegally high interest)""; ""In order to protect their citizens, most nations have laws against usury. (high interest rates, high loan fees)""; ""Faced with desperate financial situations, many people fall prey to loan sharks and usury. (high interest rate loans, vigorish, fees)""; ""His credit was so bad that the only way he could get a car loan was by agreeing to pay a usury. (high-interest rate)"" --> Usury comes from the Latin usura, which means ""interest."" Usury originally refered to money lent with interest. It has come to refer to loans with an exorbitant interest rate. Usury may also be used to refer to the exorbitant interest rate itself. / A good way to remember the meaning of usury is that you can hear the word use in there. Think of charging too much interest as a way of ""using"" someone. The sad thing about high interest is that it's always the people who can least afford it who are charged rates so high that it amounts to usury. In the old days, if someone was found guilty of usury, they'd be flogged(kırbaçlanmak) in the town square. Too bad the credit-card companies can't be dragged out of their holes, because they'd surely get a similar beating."

equanimity

"(n) Composure, evenness of mind; mental or emotional stability, esp. under stress / calmness in the way that you react to things, which means that you do not become upset or annoyed: ""He received the news with surprising equanimity.""; ""This apparent equanimity, however, is belied by evidence that health and health care are major concerns of older people.""; ""Great leaders are able to face turbulent times with equanimity and remain strong under stress. (composure, poise)""; ""It was a difficult problem to solve, but he handled it with equanimity, and his composure paid off when he found the solution. (composure, aplomb)""; ""She faced her critics with equanimity and impressed them with her self-assurance. (dignity, composure)""; ""His equanimity was impressive, considering the stress he was under. (serenity, composure)"" --> To help you remember the definition of equanimity, think of equal, therefore balanced or even. If you handle something with equanimity, you are remaining balanced and composed. / aequanimitas, from aequo animo 'with level mind'"

précis

"(n) Concise summary, abstract / a statement which gives the main idea of a piece of writing, speech etc [= summary; = abstract AmE]: ""Later a short term job educational précis, took him to London's technical libraries.""; ""Most of the posters are commenting upon a journalist's precis."" --> précis; ? PRECISE / gazeteciler uzun olayları ""özet"" olarak yazarlar. aksi taktirde 'piresi' deve olur ve altından kalkamazlar"

polemic

"(n) Controversial argument, esp. one attacking a specific idea / a written or spoken statement that strongly criticizes or defends a particular idea, opinion, or person: ""Before long, the dispute degenerated into fierce polemics.""; ""Essentially, the play is a polemic on the judicial system.""; ""We discussed, planned, and engaged in passionate polemics."" / also polemics: the practice or skill of making written or spoken statements that strongly criticize or defend a particular idea, opinion, or person"

machination or machinations

"(n) Crafty schemes or plots [entrika,dolap] / secret, clever, and often unfair methods used to achieve something - used in order to show disapproval: machinations of: ""the political machinations of far right groups""; ""He typified a decade in which financial machinations stymied(engellemek) long-term corporate growth.""; ""Her machinations appear intended to secure a Bush victory-nothing else.""; ""His total disinterest in the machinations of money bewildered(affallatmak,sersemletmek) his brothers, his father and extended family.""; ""It would be a mistake, however, to ascribe this sensitivity purely to the propaganda and machinations of the Communists.""; ""The machinations of corporate sharks were a slightly hazy area in her experience."" --> late 15c., ""a plotting, intrigue,"" from Old French machinacion ""plot, conspiracy, scheming, intrigue,"" from Latin machinationem (nominative machinatio) ""device, contrivance, machination,"" noun of action from past participle stem of machinari ""contrive skillfully, to design; to scheme, to plot,"" from machina (see machine (n.)). / machination=machine+nation= in 90s there was one type of movie which was a secret clever method, plot of machines to take over the world and make a machine nation"

imprecation

"(n) Curse; prayer for harm to come to someone / an offensive word or phrase, used when someone is very angry ""Then came an imprecation, and a match was struck and the study was flooded with yellow light.""; ""They do not recite long litanies(mukabele ile okunan dua, ayin), whose refrain(nakarat) is an unending imprecation."" --> imprecatio, from precari 'to pray' / IMPRECATION=IM-PRAY-cation. The prefix IM- means opposite. The opposite of PRAY is CURSE (The latin root word ""precari"" means pray)."

duplicity

"(n) Deceit, double-dealing, acting in two different ways for the purpose of deception / dishonest behaviour that is intended to deceive someone: ""I'm sensing duplicity on this deal; I'm not sure I trust them. (dishonesty, double-dealing)""; ""A solid contract signed by both parties is the best way to prevent duplicity on either side of the deal. (double-dealing, deception)""; ""The degree of duplicity in the affair shocked all of Fred's friends, especially since he was thought to be an honest and upstanding member of the community. (deceit, deception, dishonesty)""; ""I could tell the store manager was being duplicitous with her kindness in order to sell me more merchandise. (insincere, dishonest, deceitful) adjective"" --> The word duplicity is related to the word duplex, which refers to something having two parts. So, duplicity (or a person being duplicitous) refers to two sides used to deceive. A spy is a perfect example of duplicity, as a spy has to live two different lives. A duplicitous person will trick you by deception and having ""two faces."" A two-faced (duplicitous) person will put on whatever face he needs to manipulate you. The related verb dupe means ""to fool, trick, deceive, or con."" The related noun dupe refers to the person who was duped, ""tricked and deceived."" (i.e: The poor dupes were duped into investing in the scam.)"

turpitude

"(n) Depravity, baseness of character, corrupt or depraved acts [SYN corruption, vileness, depravity, evilness, immorality, vulgarity, wickedness, evil, baseness] / [adilik, alçaklık, ahlaksızlık] very immoral behaviour: ""laziness and moral turpitude""; ""There may be no moral turpitude or manipulation as such.""; ""The people of the country rebelled against the turpitude of their corrupt government. (wickedness, corruption, depravity)""; ""In the United States, foreigners convicted of a crime of moral turpitude, from murder to fraud, are deported. (corruption, evilness, immorality)""; ""The farmer let his daughter move to the big city, but prayed she would not fall victim to the many turpitudes of modern life. (evils)""; ""The mob boss was feared by his enemies because of his many acts of turpitude. (evil, baseness)"" --> Turpitude is derived from the Latin turpitudo, which means ""baseness, repulsiveness."" Turpitude is a sophisticated way to denote an evil or wicked act. ""Crimes of moral turpitude"" is a legal phrase that refers to immoral and illegal acts. / If you are guilty of turpitude, you should be ashamed of yourself. Turpitude is a word that represents depraved behavior. Prisons are filled with criminals who have engaged in acts of moral turpitude. Corrupt politicians get booted out of office for acts of turpitude, like taking bribes in exchange for lucrative government contracts. Turpitude often follows the word moral, and acts of moral turpitude are usually crimes that are unusually sick or corrupt. / in some countries, when somebody involves in a 'corruption, immorality or baseness', government THROW in a PIT of TOOTH which is really disgusting. / sending a TORPEDO to a peaceful submarine is an act of 'corruption, immorality or baseness', just like in the Tomorrow Never Dies movie."

opprobrium

"(n) Disgrace and disapproval that result from outrageously shameful actions / strong criticism or disapproval, especially expressed publicly: ""Any country trading in these weapons would face international opprobrium."" --> hakaret, aşağılama / If you take OPIUM(banned drug), if you 'bring opium' you will be criticized, humiliated & put to shame."

dissolution

"(n) Dissolving, the state of having been dissolved; breaking bonds or breaking up of a group of people; death, disintegration; sinking into extreme hedonism, vice, and degradation / the act of formally ending a parliament, business, or marriage [? dissolve]: ""The president announced the dissolution of the National Assembly.""; ""A third woman had filed for divorce but never completed the dissolution."" / the act of breaking up an organization, institution etc so that it no longer exists: ""the dissolution of the monasteries"" / the process by which something gradually becomes weaker and disappears: ""the eventual dissolution of class barriers"" // ""The dissolution of their marriage took place without much fanfare despite the fact that they had been together for nearly thirty years. (ending, termination)""; ""The dissolution of the sugar in boiling water is the most important step in making hummingbird food for your new feeder. (dissolving, disintegration)""; ""Henry VIII played a key role in the dissolution of the monasteries of the 1500's. (discontinuation, demise)""; ""The dissolution of the company was very difficult for the many employees who had worked there for years. (end, disintegration, demise)"" --> When dissolution refers to the ending or termination of something (such as a marriage, contract, or political organization), it often carries an official connotation. Do NOT confuse the word dissolution with its homonym disillusion. / coming from to dissolve"

hegemony

"(n) Domination, authority; influence by one country over others socially, culturally, economically, etc. / a situation in which one state or country controls others: ""Western hegemony was one of the great asymmetries of world history.""; ""The media was under the hegemony of conformists(uyumcu) supporting the status quo."""

milieu

"(n) Environment, atmosphere; the environmental setting in which something happens or develops / the things and people that surround you and influence the way you live and think: ""Proust's work reflected his own social and cultural milieu.""; ""She never felt happy in a student milieu.""; ""Lester lives and works in an academic milieu."""

stasis

"(n) Equilibrium, a state of balance or inactivity, esp. caused by equal but opposing forces / a state or period in which there is no change or development: ""In the microscope, the virus is monochromatic, and it is in stasis.""; ""The result, in the developed world, was educational stasis.""; ""Here are some early warning signals that stasis and even decline beckon for Apple.""; ""In other words, uncertainty bounded by science is a form of knowledge that can help shape smart policies, not an excuse for stasis.""; ""They should also prevent you from falling into inaction and stasis, and they do, by responding to situations that are too easy with boredom."" --> When nothing's moving, that's stasis. If your negotiations about who does the dishes have reached a standstill, you know what stasis is. Yet the kitchen sink looks worse every day. Sometimes opposing forces are equal in power, and since neither is stronger than the other, the result is a state where neither can gain any headway. This state is called stasis, and it is basically a stoppage of movement. In medicine, stasis describes the stopping of any bodily fluids from flowing, usually by an obstruction. The same idea is seen in literary stasis, where there is no forward movement in a story."

travesty

"(n) Exaggerated, debased, or grotesque imitation [SYN: spoof, distortion, farce, mockery, parody, sham, ridicule, lampoon] / a false or exaggerated representation of something / something that imitates something else, usually in a grotesque(acayip,garip,komik) or distorted manner, and meant as a parody / used in order to say that something is extremely bad and is not what it is claimed to be:: ""Their marriage was a complete travesty.""; ""O'Brien described his trial as a travesty of justice.""; ""Not allowing her to speak in her own defence was a travesty of justice.""; ""The Salem witch trials have proved to be a legal travesty.""; ""It would be a travesty of justice to put a man in jail for a crime he did not commit. (mockery, distortion)""; ""It is a travesty when state employees are on welfare. (sham, farce)""; ""The school's rendition of ""Annie"" was a travesty and didn't do the play justice. (mockery, lampoon)""; ""Your presentation was a travesty, and I can't believe you expected anyone to take you seriously. (mockery, sham)"" --> Travesty is derived from the French travesti, which means ""dressed in a disguise."" Travesty has come to mean ""mockery or sham."" ""Travesty of justice"" is a common saying in Modern English and refers to a mockery of justice. / A travesty is a cheap mockery, usually of something or someone serious, such as a travesty of justice. A travesty is a silly imitation, like a tall young man dressed up like a little old lady. Travesty and transvestite both come from French travesti meaning ""dressed in disguise,"" so it helps to remember the definition of travesty by thinking of that football player in drag. A travesty can be more than that, though. A travesty of justice, for example, is a court case that makes a mockery of the system, or so you might think if the verdict isn't in your favor. There are lots of examples in literature: the book Don Quixote is a travesty of Medieval Romance."

plethora

"(n) Excess; excessive amount / a plethora of something: a very large number of something, usually more than you need: ""I can't believe she bought another pair of shoes when she already has a plethora of them. (overabundance)""; ""There seems to be a plethora of new movies to choose from every summer. (profusion, overkill)""; ""Even though we saw a plethora of fish on our last boating trip, we didn't catch any. (profusion, abundance)""; ""Of course you can invite your friends to the barbecue; we have a plethora of food. (excess, surplus)"" --> Plethora is derived from the the Greek word for ""to be full."" Plethora is generally used with the word ""of,"" and it can be interchanged with the words ""plenty"" or ""abundance."" If you have a plethora of something, you have plenty of it. Plethora has been used so often as a sophisticated way of describing abundance that it has lost some of its sophistication. Profusion may be a more sophisticated word to use in some instances."

jingoism

"(n) Excessive, loud patriotism and aggressive, warlike foreign policy [şovenlik,aşırı milliyetçilik] / a strong belief that your own country is better than others - used to show disapproval: ""Only the most narrow jingoism can allow us to deny this.""; ""The jingoism of many of the commercials was a reason watching them became so tiring, and tiresome.""; ""Prejudice and jingoism need to be replaced by empathy and critical thought.""; ""Unnecessary bellicosity(kavgacılık,savaşçılık) and jingoism is detrimental to peace and prosperity, and incites(teşvik etmek,kışkırtmak) unnecessary confrontation."" --> jingo (17-21 centuries) (probably from Jesus), used in the phrase by jingo as an exclamation in a 19th-century British song encouraging people to fight for their country / jin(that alladin one) had extreme and uncontrolled loyalty towards his master... "

indigence

"(n) Extreme poverty (indigent adj) / extreme poverty, where basic needs are not met: ""The indigent man stood on the corner, begging for food. (impoverished, destitute) adjective""; ""He had lived in indigence for so long that he had forgotten what it was like to eat a decent meal. (poverty)""; ""Although the indigent nation received much monetary aid from other countries, its people still starved. (impoverished, destitute) adjective""; ""Though he wasn't wealthy growing up, one wouldn't exactly say that he lived in indigence. (destitution, helplessness)""; ""Public hospitals are concerned that they will not have enough money to treat indigent people not covered by Medicaid."" --> Indigence is derived from the Latin indigentia, which means ""neediness."" The related adjective indigent describes those who are extremely poor and needy. / indigence- indigenous or aboriginal people in most of the countries are passing their days in extreme poverty. / Indian gents are very poor as compared to other countrymen"

penury

"(n) Extreme poverty or scarcity / the state of being very poor [= poverty]: ""He died in penury in 1644.""; ""It transforms a state of wealth into a state of penury.""; ""If any doctor had depended on us for his living, then he would have died in penury.""; ""While the rich could flaunt their wealth the numerous urban poor lived in a state of penury.""; ""The man spent his entire fortune and died in penury. (poverty)""; ""She may have had a penurious childhood, but she sure has a lot of money now. (impoverished, indigent) adjective""; ""The lottery winner went from penury to wealth overnight. (destitution, poverty)""; ""He was so penurious that even though he was a millionaire, he refused to pay for his children's college educations. (miserly, stingy) adjective"" --> Penury is derived from the Latin penuria, which means ""want, need."" Penury is a state of poverty characterized by wants and needs. To remember the word, think of the word penny. Someone in penury doesn't even have a penny. Someone who is characterized as penurious either doesn't have enough money for necessities or is simply unwilling to spend it. (See also: parsimonious) Penury is a more sophisticated way of saying ""poverty."" / you may be in an extreme poverty, you can't find even a 'penny u need'"

solidarity

"(n) Fellowship in interests, feelings, responsibilities, etc., such as among a group of people or among classes, nations, etc. / loyalty and general agreement between all the people in a group, or between different groups because they all have a shared aim: ""a gesture of solidarity""; ""an appeal for worker solidarity""; show/express/demonstrate your solidarity (with somebody): ""I come before you today to express my solidarity with the people of New York.""; ""Solidarity among black people in South Africa is essential if progress is to be made.""; ""A lot of people joined with us as an act of solidarity.""; ""Other health professionals were quick to express their solidarity with nurses.""; ""There was a feeling of solidarity between all the staff and a common suspicion as to why management had called the meeting.""; ""Women all over the world have been demonstrating to show their solidarity.""; ""Workers all over the country went on strike to show their solidarity with the miners."" --> When you see a group of citizens protesting something on the news, marching in a group, holding signs, and chanting slogans, you know they are in solidarity with each other, or united behind a common goal or purpose. Any time you express support of a group or the people in it, you're showing solidarity with them. The word is used most often to describe a sense of unity with a political group, a group of striking workers, or people who have been deprived of their rights in some way. You might show your own solidarity by signing a petition, joining in a protest, or simply flashing a thumbs up. / this word is coming from ""solid"". so when people are in solidarity, they come thogether and become solid"

distaff

"(n) Female, esp. relating to the maternal side of the family; women or women's work; a staff that holds wool or flax for spinning (öreke, kadın işi): ""It won't change, though, if the distaff side talks to themselves.""; ""The woman kneeling at Michael's feet holds a distaff and a white garment, which she holds out as an offering.""; ""That, and the songs, should excite every distaff customer in the house and undoubtedly the gentlemen will go for it too."" --> he was introducing all his male employees and he just mentioned 'this staff' for her women employees."

panache

"(n) Flair, style, swagger; a flamboyant or grand way of acting / a way of doing things that makes them seem easy and exciting, and makes other people admire you [? style]: with panache: ""They played and sang with great panache.""; ""Pappano conducted the symphony with great panache.""; ""She wore her clothes with typical Italian panache.""; ""The performance didn't have the panache you expect from a chart-topping rock band.""; ""He presents with a panache that immediately captures his audience's attention. (style, flair)""; ""She always throws parties that demonstrate her panache for entertaining. (style, flair, chic)""; ""At the nightclub on Saturdays, Jason plays the saxophone with panache--he plays sax while a DJ spins dance music. (style)""; ""Everyone turned to look at him when he entered the party because he carries himself with so much panache. (style, confidence, flamboyance)"" --> Panache was derived from the French pennache, ""tuft of feathers."" Panache also refers to the feathers on old Roman helmets, and today, on hats. Back in ancient Roman times, you could stand out and be more stylish by using more colorful and flamboyant feathers in your helmet. It's the proverbial ""feather in your cap."" Today, use panache as a more sophisticated way of describing someone who does something or wears something that is original and stylish, and does so with confidence. / panache.. sounds like moustache... ppl grow differnts kinds of moustaches to appear stylish"

phalanx

"(n) Formation of soldiers carrying shields close together for defense; any very close group of people / a large group of people or things standing close together so that it is difficult to go through them: ""A solid phalanx of policemen blocked the road.""; ""Stepping off the plane, the President faced a phalanx of cameras and reporters.""; ""Another group was loading kit into a phalanx of jeeps.""; ""He spotted another phalanx of flies stuck to the walls.""; ""The blast from a phalanx of heaters struck me on opening the door."""

shard

"(n) Fragment of some brittle substance, esp. a sharp fragment of pottery, glass, etc. / a sharp piece of broken glass, metal etc: ""Engineers are better than other folks at making meaning out of the shards of facts and statistics.""; ""Everywhere you look, little shards of glass glistening in the lamplight.""; ""Out to a distance of seventy-five kilometers, windows are blown in and shards of glass are accelerated to high speeds.""; ""Part of the stage erupted at 1: 26 a. m., and metal shards flew all over Centennial Olympic Park.""; ""Ross turned and walked five steps when the blast blew out the glass and propelled hundreds of shards into his body.""; ""The shards of mirror: each one containing a memory of eyes."" --> If you break a mirror, the thin sharp pieces you want to avoid are shards. A shard is simply a broken piece of metal, glass, stone, or pottery with sharp edges. Don't confuse shard with shred, meaning to cut into strips, or chard, a leafy green vegetable. You could use a shard of metal to shred chard into salad, but be careful that you don't cut your hands to shreds! / the glass is shattered hard and created sharp pieces. "

bonhomie

"(n) Friendliness, open and simple good heartedness / a friendly feeling among a group of people: ""They were relaxed and full of bonhomie.""; ""Such graciousness and bonhomie are especially impressive in a restaurant of this size.""; ""Partly because her voice is fairly high and light in texture, she doesn't project his supreme relaxation and bonhomie.""; """" --> from French bonhomie ""good nature, easy temper,"", bon ""good"" (see bon) + homme ""man,"" from Latin homo (see homunculus)."

hand-wringing

"(n) Grasping, squeezing, etc. of the hands as an expression of nervousness, guilt, etc.; extend debate over what to do about an issue / ""Public handwringing is already evident in the case of teenagers indulging in cosmetic surgery.""; ""It also plays in to much of the handwringing we've seen over gentrification in the cities."" / wring your hands: to rub and twist your hands together because you are worried and upset / wring somebody's hand to shake hands very firmly with someone / wring something's neck to kill a small animal by twisting its neck / I'll wring somebody's neck spoken used when you are very angry with someone: ""I'll wring her neck when I get hold of her!"""

faction

"(n) Group or clique within a larger organization; party strife and dissension / a small group of people within a larger group, who have different ideas from the other members, and who try to get their own ideas accepted: ""The pro-war faction within the party condemned any attempt at negotiation.""; warring factions/parties (=groups of people fighting each other): ""The warring factions are attempting to negotiate an end to the conflict.""; ""The whole of the country has been taken over and destroyed by warring factions."" / disagreements and arguments between different groups within an organization /// ""There were two major Roman political factions: the populares and the optimates. (wings, parties)""; ""There is a faction in the Democratic party that supports tax cuts and strong defense. (wing, caucus)""; ""I remember a faction of girls in grade school who were mean and nasty toward all of their classmates. (click, group)""; ""The president didn't realize that there was a faction within the board of directors, meeting to plan his removal. (rebellion, uprising)"" --> For the word faction, think ""separation and dissension."" A faction will make it difficult to move forward on an issue, since there is a passionate disagreement. A faction will ""fracture"" the binding glue of the organization. In politics, this may indicate the various political parties in the country, as well as factions within parties. / faction -> fraction means fraction of a large party"

dyspeptic

"(n) Grumpy (huysuz), pessimistic, irritable; suffering from dyspepsia (indigestion) / a problem that your body has in dealing with the food you eat [= indigestion] / ill humor : disgruntlement(üzme) // ""New events, new information or simply an irrational wave of national dyspepsia can change public mood toward its leaders overnight.""; ""Patients were excluded from further examination after their dyspepsia clinic visit if they had severe concurrent cardiovascular or respiratory disease."" // dyspeptic: old-fashioned: bad-tempered : ""Below, in the dyspeptic belly of the city, the subway platform was twenty degrees hotter still.""; ""We can therefore discount his dyspeptic remarks about Coleridge being an apostate."""

misanthrope or misanthropist

"(n) Hater of humankind / someone who does not like other people and prefers to be alone // ""The old woman who lives in that house is a misanthrope who has become more and more antisocial over the years. (loner, people-hater) noun""; ""His misanthropic attitude keeps him unhappy and lonely. (cynical, antisocial)""; ""Those two get along because they are a pair of misanthropes who like to complain about all the awful things people do, without remembering any of the good things. (people-haters, skeptics, loners) noun""; ""His misanthropic beliefs don't allow for the idea that people can be kind and altruistic. (cynical, antisocial, eremitic)"" --> A misanthrope is a person who hates mankind and is cynical toward human nature. The word comes from the Greek misos, ""hatred"" and anthropos, ""man."" The opposite of misanthropic is philanthropic, which means ""charitable, generous and devoted to helping other people (mankind)."" The Greek root philos means ""loving."""

homage

"(n) Honor or respect demonstrated publicly / something you do to show respect for someone or something you think is important: ""The film pays homage to Martin Scorsese's 'Mean Streets' ""; ""Memorial Day is when Americans pay homage to those killed in the nation's wars.""; ""He paid homage to his ancestors by maintaining as many of his family's Native American traditions as he could. (respect, loyalty)""; ""The actor was given a star on the Hollywood walk of fame in homage to his celebrity and his many achievements. (honor, reverence)""; ""On this occasion, we pay homage to John for his many achievements as our company President and CEO. (respect, praise)""; ""When Ronald Reagan died, thousands of people all over the world came to pay him homage. (respect, honor)"" --> Homage, from the word for ""man,"" originally referred to the acknowledgement of allegiance(bağlılık,sadakat) a vassal(kul, tebaa) gave to a feudal lord. In modern usage, homage connotes a similar show of respect and commitment, but often in a less formal and binding relationship. / hommage, from homme 'man, man who owes duty to a ruler' / Homage = Home+Age; In our culture, we respect aged persons in our home, such as grandfather and mother. In a home aged person should be given honor and respect"

idolatry

"(n) Idol worship; excessive or unthinking devotion or adoration / the practice of worshipping idols / when you admire someone or something too much: ""It strips us of all the illusions and idolatry of the world, to face our basic personal need.""; ""Or the image of the Fallen, those who have committed the sin of idolatry?""; ""It is more than football idolatry that this museum holds.""; ""They may not pray to him, which would be shirk, a form of idolatry.""; ""However, some missionaries also destroyed many native texts and cultural objects, considering them works of idolatry."" --> idolatrie, from Greek, from eidolon ( ? IDOL) + latreia 'service, worship' (idolatrous adjective)"

sedition

"(n) Inciting rebellion against a government, esp. speech or writing that does this / speech, writing, or actions intended to encourage people to disobey a government: ""Trade Union leaders were charged with sedition.""; ""Hu was arrested on charges of sedition.""; ""The clubs were suspected of being centres of sedition.""; ""On her return she was imprisoned for sedition, a charge arising from articles published in her newspaper during her absence.""; ""The charges were preaching sedition in three published articles."" --> Sedition is the illegal act of inciting people to resist or rebel against the government in power. It's what the southern states did at the start of the Civil War. Sedition is the rebellious talk and encouragement that might lead to a mutiny, and can be charged as a crime, like treason. The Alien and Sedition Acts passed into law in the late 1700s were challenged by none other than Thomas Jefferson as a violation of Americans' First Amendment rights to free speech. The Sedition Act quietly expired a few years later but was essentially replaced in the early 1900s by what is called the Espionage Act, which was later repealed as well. Proving sedition can become a murky business. When should the expression of one's activism be considered ""free speech"" and when should it be considered sedition? / Şeyh said isyanından sonra Atatürk Said'i karşına aldı ve dedi ki ""SAİD İŞİN ne senin? DEVLETE KARŞI KIŞKIRTICI EYLEM YAPMAK, YAZI YAZMAK, FİTNE ÇIKARMAK mı?"""

proclivity

"(n) Inclination, natural tendency / a tendency to behave in a particular way, or to like a particular thing - used especially about something bad: ""The child showed no proclivity towards aggression.""; ""Quantitative material is also used as evidence for the criminal proclivities of persons with certain social characteristics.""; ""He will not succeed unless he can overcome his proclivity for laziness. (tendency)""; ""His proclivity for lying borders on pathological. (penchant)""; ""He had a proclivity for collecting rare stamps. (weakness, affinity)""; ""Her proclivity for taking care of others before tending to her own needs is nice, but can sometimes become annoying. (propensity, penchant)"" --> Proclivity is derived from the Latin pro, ""forward"" and clivus, ""a slope."" It has the underlying meaning of ""leaning toward"" something. Think also of the related word prone, as it means ""having a natural tendency."" Proclivity means you are prone to doing or behaving in a certain way, as if leaning toward it. It differs from the word propensity in that proclivity is more of a natural or innate tendency and propensity is a general tendency. Proclivity can also be a more negative tendency and is similar to penchant, which is a synonym that denotes both positive and negative tendencies."

iniquity

"(n) Injustice, wickedness, sin [haksızlık, kötülük, adaletsizlik]/ the quality of being very unfair or evil, or something that is very unfair: iniquity of: ""He went on and on about the iniquities of bourgeois(burjuva) oppression.""; ""They were trying to protect their son from iniquity."" --> iniquité, from Latin, from aequus 'equal' / Iniquity sounds like inequality;lack of justice. hence iniquity is injustice and evil."

investiture

"(n) Investing; formally giving someone a right or title [(birini) yüksek memuriyete atama töreni, atama, tayin] / a ceremony at which someone is given an official title: ""the investiture of the new County Supervisor""; ""the investiture of the Prince of Wales""; ""The highlight of the evening, however, came after the speeches when the King made two investitures.""; ""It said nothing about investiture or homage: these were matters for the pope.""; ""The pope seems to have confined himself to insisting on the prohibition of lay investiture."" (Lay investiture was the appointment of bishops, abbots, and other church officials by feudal lords and vassals. No one questioned a king or noble's right to grant a bishop or abbot a fief and have him become a vassal, but the church did object to kings and nobles naming bishops or abbots.) --> 'in west teachers' get official titles. and they get it in a ceremony. In ceremony they put their coats in vestiyer."

mirth

"(n) Jollity, merriment; amusement or laughter / happiness and laughter: ""Her body began to shake with mirth.""; ""Our companions in this journey should be mirth, tranquillity and enthusiasm and we will never be bored.""; ""A wonderful, joyous mouth that could laugh and grin and smile in a hundred expressions of precious, life-giving mirth."" --> mother at birth of her child shows extreeme happiness and laughter. mother at birth = mirth."

tome

"(n) Large or scholarly book; one of the volumes in a set of several books: ""It's the latest tome from Tom Clancy.""; ""For many years these precious tomes were kept in the Capitol by the Romans who consulted them in times of crisis.""; ""The pages were stiffened with age and the tome smelt fusty, like a damp cloth left to dry on a radiator.""; ""Two floor-to-ceiling bookcases are filled with legal tomes and bursting files."" --> A tome is a large book. If you're pre-med, chances are you're going to have one heck of a tome for your biology class. Tome is often used to refer to a book that is not only really large but also unusually important. If you generally carry more than one tome to class, invest in a bag with wheels so you don't hurt your back. A tome is big and heavy. ""Wow! This tome weighs a ton!"" Whatever you do, don't leave your tome at home—you'll wind up in detention! You can also use tome sarcastically to describe a book that clearly isn't large or important. But sarcasm is for advanced users only."

savant

"(n) Learned person, scholar, someone admitted to membership in a scholarly field; a person with amazing mental abilities despite having a cognitive difference or disability [SYN authority, expert, specialist, genius, professor, scholar, educator, whiz] / someone who knows a lot about a subject / someone who has mental problems and may have lower intelligence than average, but who can do one thing very well, such as adding numbers very quickly // ""At the start of his research into savants there were only 50 known cases in the world.""; ""My tutor was a math savant who could solve all of my calculus problems. (expert, specialist)""; ""The child had learning disabilities in school but was a savant when it came to music. (genius, whiz)""; ""He never has to worry about computer problems because his girlfriend is a technology savant. (specialist, expert)""; ""The child savant began college at the age of twelve. (genius)"" --> Savant is derived from the French savoir, which means ""to know."" Savants are people who are highly intelligent and knowledgeable or are experts in a particular field. / bilgin, alim, hakim / 'bilgin ve hakim' adam SAVINI ANT içer gibi kesin veren adamdır."

inquest

"(n) Legal or judicial inquiry, especially before a jury and especially made by a coroner into the cause of someone's death; the results of such an inquiry [soruşturma, tahkikat] / a legal process to find out the cause of someone's death: inquest into: ""The coroner will hold an inquest into the deaths.""; ""The inquest heard that she died from multiple injuries.""; ""an inquest into the death of a 54-year-old woman""; ""An inquest will be held into the actor's death.""; ""The inquest heard that Mr Bovary was found hanging by a rope in his bedroom.""; ""The inquest ruled the cause of death was suicide."" / an unofficial discussion about the reasons for someone's defeat or failure to do something: ""The Tories will hold a private inquest into why they were defeated."" --> enqueste, from Latin inquirere; ? INQUIRE / IN+QUEST(aramak,araştırmak,av izini aramak).......to find out the murderer, you had to quest for the proof hence you started INQUESTING....."

missive

"(n) Letter, written message / a letter - often used humorously: ""An anonymous missive had been pushed under her door.""; """"Equally intriguing are the missives from my brother, the newspaper cuttings that arrive every three weeks or so.""; ""Even now, her missive was not long and, as if to aid its content, was accompanied by a family photograph.""; ""His main activity is running to the mailbox to look for missives from his beloved."" --> MISSIVE sounds like MISS+EVE(occasion)...i.e when u miss someone on a eve, you write a LETTER to them."

nadir

"(n) Lowest point / the time when a situation is at its worst: ""By 1932, the depression had reached its nadir.""; ""If the field continues to decay at its present rate, it will reach its nadir in some 1, 200 years.""; ""This spiritual nadir came as his career began to peak.""; ""At the nadir, I was sleeping about 2-3 hours a night and writing or revising when everyone else was asleep.""; ""Their usage is as much as three times higher at its peak than at its nadir."" --> insan nadiren ayakucuna kadar düşer, en kötü anlarını yaşar ama bu yeter"

stigma

"(n) Mark of disgrace, a figurative stain or mark on someone's reputation [SYN shame, disgrace, dishonor, reproach, scar, smudge(kirlenmek,lekelenmek), blemish(güzelliğini bozmak)] / a strong feeling in society that being in a particular situation or having a particular illness is something to be ashamed of: the stigma of alcoholism/mental illness etc: ""The stigma of alcoholism makes it difficult to treat.""; ""There is a social stigma attached to single parenthood.""; ""In the US, smoking carries a stigma.""; ""At first I found the stigma of being unemployed very difficult to cope with.""; ""Even when someone has been found innocent of a crime, the stigma often remains.""; ""In many countries there is still a strong social stigma attached to homosexuality.""; ""The disease AIDS no longer seems to have the stigma attached to it that it had a decade ago. (shame, dishonor)""; ""She didn't tell people that her father was mentally insane because of the stigma attached to the condition. (disgrace, shame)""; ""The angry woman felt her son had been stigmatized after he was labeled as a discipline problem. (shamed, disgraced) verb""; ""The low grade I got in that class will always be a stigma on my school record. (smudge, blemish)"" --> Stigma is derived from the Greek stigma, which was literally ""a mark, a brand or a tattoo"" that was used to mark slaves and criminals. Stigma is used today to describe a mark of disgrace or shame. The related verb stigmatize refers to branding someone or something as disgraceful. In the book The Scarlet Letter, the letter ""A"" was a stigma that was worn to illustrate a woman's adultery."

stratagem

"(n) Military maneuver to deceive or surprise; crafty scheme / a trick or plan to deceive an enemy or gain an advantage [= ploy]: ""A stratagem I learnt early in my life was to hoard every emblem of success and destroy all evidence of failure.""; ""His stratagem was to cross Riverside Drive and enter the first building, as if he lived there.""; ""The same stratagem he used in his last chess match would not work against his toughest opponent. (maneuver, tactic)""; ""Luckily, my boss saw right through Jamie's stratagem to make me look bad. (ploy, deception)""; ""Your deceitful stratagem won't work on me this time; I can see right through your tricks. (tactic, maneuver, trick)""; ""My stratagem for dealing with my annoying co-worker is to ignore him as much as possible. (trick, tactic)"" --> A stratagem is essentially any kind of move or trick used against an opponent. Think of the related word strategy, which is a plan of action. A stratagem is a tricky plan of action meant to deceive or manipulate. Stratagem is a more sophisticated, rather formal, way of saying ""trick"" or ""ploy."" For a memory trick, note how stratagem looks like ""strategy"" and ""gem"" combined. Now, suppose you developed a brilliant stratagem (trick, maneuver) to lure a thief into thinking he was stealing a rare gem, when in fact he was only stealing a fake gem, which you called the ""strategy gem."" Using the ""strategy gem"" is a great stratagem to trick the thief."

pastiche

"(n) Mix of incongruous parts; artistic work imitating the work of other artists, often satirically / a piece of writing, music, film etc that is deliberately made in the style of someone or something else [? parody]: pastiche of: ""The film is a pastiche of the Hollywood Wild West.""; ""They sat at separate tables and waited until the band started its last set with a synthesised pastiche of Hello Dolly."" / a work of art that consists of a variety of different styles put together: ""In a city of splendid Victorian architecture there is a rather pointless pastiche of Dickensian London down on the waterfront""; ""But this is quite clearly a pastiche by two journalists desperate to match the efforts of rival newspapers."" --> paste+issue - when you look at that work, you see that it has mix of different parts from everything to imitate them satirically. then you understand it is a copy-paste issue."

symbiosis

"(n) Mutually dependent relationship between two organisms, people, groups, etc. / a relationship between people or organizations that depend on each other equally / the relationship between different living things that depend on each other // ""Control of the sea and of sea-routes was crucial to the economic symbiosis established within the Angevin Empire.""; ""In fact the sovereign courts at Turin seem to have lived in satisfactory symbiosis with the government.""; ""Nothing reveals the originality and spirit of a people better than this astonishing symbiosis.""; ""Raisins and walnuts form a symbiosis that makes an indelible mark on so many recipes.""; ""The conflict between mind and machine might be resolved at last in the eternal truce of complete symbiosis."" --> Symbiosis, a noun, tells about the relationship between living things that helps all of them stay alive, like the symbiosis between bees that eat nectar from flowers that get cross-pollinated when the bees move from one to the next. To correctly pronounce symbiosis, accent the third syllable: ""sim-be-OH-sis."" The prefix syn comes from the Greek word ""together"" and bios means ""life."" So symbiosis means ""a living together."" Things that live in symbiosis depend on one another, like the clown fish and anemone that protect one another from ocean predators, or the symbiosis between a dairy farmer and one who grows hay, trading milk for hay bales that feed the cows."

propensity

"(n) Natural inclination or tendency / a natural tendency to behave in a particular way: propensity to do something: ""the male propensity to fight""; propensity for: ""He seems to have a propensity for breaking things."" / ""He was. a gifted man, but had a propensity for falling into bad associations.""; ""The manager's propensity for critical comments was well known in the company. (penchant, predisposition)""; ""California has a propensity for liberal politics. (tendency, bent)""; ""His propensity for laughter spreads good cheer throughout the office. (predisposition, inclination)""; ""She has the propensity to discuss a single issue for hours, and I often have to cut her short. (ability, tendency)"" --> A propensity is a natural inclination to behave a certain way or to like one thing over another. Propensity often refers to a negative tendency, but not always. Propensity is synonymous with penchant and proclivity. See proclivity for a detailed analysis of when to use each word."

neologism

"(n) New word or phrase (or a new meaning applied to an existing word or phrase) / a new word or expression, or a word used with a new meaning [= coinage]: ""So the word is a relative neologism, and therefore lends itself easily to personal interpretations, for good or ill.""; ""The teacher circled the word ""horrification"" on the student's paper and wrote ""neologism?"" with a question mark. (coined word)""; ""Merriam Webster's website suggested ""chillaxin"" as a possible neologism combining the words ""chilling"" and ""relaxing."" (new word)""; ""The writer was famous for his inventive style and successful creation of several neologisms. (new words)""; ""The hip-hop culture has recently invented many neologisms, such as ""bootylicious."" (new words)"" --> Neologism comes from two, perhaps familiar, Greek words: neo, ""new,"" and logos, ""word."""

solecism

"(n) Nonstandard use of grammar or words; mistake, esp. in etiquette [dilbilgisi hatası, görgüsüzlük] / a mistake in the use of written or spoken language / something that is not considered polite behaviour // ""She commits a lot of solecisms.""; ""However, a fallacy is strictly an error made because of faulty reasoning or poor logic, and thus you appear to have committed a solecism.""; ""Had Blake possessed the saving grace of humour, he would never have committed such laughter-provoking solecisms as this and other passages of the same kind.""; ""The party was given especially in her honour, and to omit her from any description of it would be an unpardonable solecism.""; ""A mean, an unkind, an unjust act would be a solecism as impossible for him as it would be to eat with his knife.""; ""But he had quite forgotten that he had once committed the solecism of asking that gentleman what to wear to the Horse Show.""; "" "Aggravation" in the sense of irritation is another Dickens solecism which also appears several times in Bret Harte.""; ""Still, as albums bearing arcane language, startling solecisms and quixotic musical structures go, Railway Architecture is probably the best of the year.""; ""The common speech of any people whose language is highly complicated will be full of solecisms."" --> Ever snore at the opera? Burp at the dinner table? Forget your mom's birthday? Probably all three, right? Well, don't worry. Instead of just screwing up, what you did was commit a solecism. Sounds kinda neat that way, huh? The origin of solecism comes from the ancient Greek word meaning ""speaking incorrectly,"" and solecism does have another meaning that's more specifically verbal. If you say something incorrectly, or make a grammatical error in writing, that's also a solecism. It can be just as mortifying as burping at the dinner table. Well, almost. / when you make a 'mistake in writting something or in a behaivour, you will get SOLE critiCISM"

umbrage

"(n) Offense or annoyance (usually as take umbrage, meaning become offended or annoyed) / anger or resentment that comes from being offended [SYN displeasure, anger, annoyance, grudge, huff, resentment, wrath, offense, suspicion, hostility] / take umbrage (at something): to be offended by something that someone has done or said, often without good reason: ""He got on very well with the patients, and made them laugh without taking umbrage when they laughed at him.""; ""If they take umbrage, then they were never a proper friend in the first place.""; ""She had been known to storm off sometimes, to take violent umbrage and depart.""; ""The Republicans, naturally, take umbrage at predictions about what they might do.""; ""The actor took umbrage with the theater critic's poor review. (offense, resentment)""; ""She took umbrage with his rude comment. (offense, displeasure)""; ""I took umbrage with the harsh way in which the company laid off its employees. (offense, resentment)""; ""Joe took umbrage at my innocent question and held a grudge(haset,garez) against me all week. (offense, displeasure)"" --> Today, umbrage is generally used to mean ""offense"" and is coupled with forms of the word ""take."" People who have taken umbrage are angry and offended. Umbrage can also mean ""a giver of shade,"" like a tree, but this meaning is not often used. / When someone takes umbrage at something, they find it offensive, and it probably makes them angry. Umbrage comes from the same source as umbrella, the Latin umbra, ""shade, shadow."" The umbrella was invented to keep you in shade, and when you take umbrage at something, you're casting a shadow over the person or thing responsible for the offense. I take umbrage at the suggestion that I'm not a nice person: it's offensive and infuriating. After having devoted my life to helping animals, I might take umbrage at the notion that I've been doing it for publicity purposes: I resent the idea that it was for any other reason than my love of animals. / When you take and 'offence, anger or resentmen' you say ""I'm bit rage"""

stratum

"(n) One of many layers (such as in a rock formation or in the classes of a society) / a layer of rock or earth / a social class in a society: ""However, this increasingly self-contained stratum is broader than the bureaucracy.""; ""The participant culture is an additional stratum that may be added to and combined with the subject and parochial cultures.""; ""If the differences between strata are maximised and the variations within them minimised, the benefits from stratification can be considerable."" --> A stratum is a layer of something, whether abstract, like a social stratum composed of only billionaires, or physical, like the different strata (that's the plural version) of clouds that an airplane passes through. Stratum comes from the Latin meaning ""something that has been laid down,"" like asphalt or a bedsheet, but we generally use it to describe layers of something. If you go into geology, you will probably investigate different strata of the soil. If you start out in life poor and try to become rich, you are trying to get into a different social stratum."

penumbra

"(n) Outer part of a shadow from an eclipse; any surrounding region, fringe, periphery; any area where something ""sort of"" exists / an area of slight darkness / An area in which something exists to a lesser or uncertain degree:""The First Amendment has a penumbra where privacy is protected from governmental intrusion"" / An area in which something exists to a lesser or uncertain degree:""The First Amendment has a penumbra where privacy is protected from governmental intrusion"" / An outlying surrounding region; a periphery:""Downtown Chicago and its penumbra also stand rejuvenated"" --> Latin paene 'almost' + umbra 'shadow'"

sybarite

"(n) Person devoted to pleasure and luxury / A person devoted to pleasure and luxury; a voluptuary: ""A sybarite finds what he's looking for in Amsterdam.""; ""Thus began a dual career as political agitator and upper-crust sybarite.""; ""This Sybarite was eating his first piece of muffin with an air of feminine elegance when he suddenly caught the young man's eye.""; ""Chesarynth looked at his sybaritic features and decided his laziness had made him prefer fleshly pleasures to work.""; ""Even by 1920, the concept of a holiday taken purely for sybaritic enjoyment was still something many people wrestled with.""; ""The brothers' opulent and sybaritic lifestyle soon made them take chances."" --> If you know someone who's totally addicted to luxurious things and all of life's pleasures, call them a sybarite. Unless she's inviting you over for champagne brunches and showering you with gifts — in which case you should keep your mouth shut. Sybarite was first recorded in the 1600s, meaning a "person devoted to pleasure." The literal translation of this noun is "inhabitant of Sybaris," which was an ancient Greek town full of citizens who loved nice things. Today, the word still has the same two meanings: it's either a person who could be described as addicted to pleasures and luxury (like a hedonist), or an actual person who lives in Sybaris. / someone who like to SEE+BRIGHT things in life, he is devoted to luxury."

martinet

"(n) Person who adheres to rules extremely closely; strict disciplinarian / someone who is very strict and makes people obey rules exactly [= disciplinarian]: ""The woman in charge was a martinet who treated us like children.""; ""A typical Victorian martinet, he wore a tall hat all his life.""; ""Belle, on the other hand, was described by Robin's father as something of a martinet.""; ""Lady Hoby was also a martinet and believed that learning could only be achieved through hard work and discipline.""; ""Topaz had pictured her as tall and brawny as befitted a martinet."" --> Jean Martinet (died 1672) was a French lieutenant-colonel and Inspector General, and one of the first great drill masters of modern times. / Albay askerlere alaylı bir gülümsemeyle bakıp bölük komutanına döndü ve ""Eğitimin sonunda bunların hepsini Martin et, bak adam et demiyorum, martin et, o derece"" dedi. Albay disipline ve kurallara son derece önem veren bir askerdi."

pedant

"(n) Person who pays excessive attention to book learning and rules, or who uses his or her learning to show off / someone who pays too much attention to rules or to small unimportant details, especially someone who criticizes other people in an extremely annoying way [SYN: bookworm , scholastic]: ""It is the work of a pedant, and shows no originality.""; ""A right little pedant she can be, when it comes to an intellectual argument.""; ""He claims that he was a little pedant, even as early as the age of five."" // pedantic (adj): too concerned with correct rules and the formality of book learning and its minor points: ""She was a little pedantic about her wedding, fussing over every detail. (particular, fussy)""; ""The boy never used proper English, which bothered his pedantic teacher. (formal, particular)""; ""The teacher was lax about math principles, but pedantic about grammatical ones. (fussy, particular)""; ""The professor's lectures were so pedantic that most students came away from them more confused than enlightened. (academic, formal, particular)"" --> Pedantic is derived from the same Latin word, for ""a teacher (pedagogue) who is overly concerned with the minor details of learning."" However, pedantic has come to characterize anyone who is overly concerned with minor details and tries to seem scholarly or intelligent by going on and on about trivial details that don't really add much to the discussion or teaching. / a scientist who pays excessive attention to minor details and book learning in order to get a PATENT."

epicure

"(n) Person with cultivated(kültürlü, görgülü), refined tastes, esp. in food and wine / someone who enjoys good food and drink / a connoisseur(uzman, eksper, ehil) of food and drink; someone who derives pleasure from good food: ""Ever the epicure, she decided to become a caterer. (gourmet, bon vivant)""; ""Their epicurean taste makes them difficult party guests, but wonderful hosts. (gourmet) adjective""; ""The epicure takes dining to a sophisticated level. (gourmet)""; ""It's wonderful to have a sister who is an epicure because she always cooks lavish meals and serves the best wines. (gourmet, bon vivant)"" --> Epicure, and its synonym epicurean, come from the Greek philosopher Epicurus who thought pleasure was the greatest good. Epicurean is also an adjective used to described refined tastes. Epicure is a ""highbrow"" word used to describe a connoisseur of food. You can use epicure instead of connoisseur or gourmet to sound more sophisticated. / EPIC-CURRY...one who can write an EPIC on CURRY has to be a CONNOISSEUR OF FOOD.."

pulchritude

"(n) Physical beauty: ""When she was alive, Anna Nicole Smith exemplified feminine pulchritude.""; ""I do not envy the judges who have to select this year's Miss America from this collection of female pulchritude.""; ""For millions of men, Marilyn Monroe was pulchritude exemplified.""; ""Erin's pulchritude was legendary, bringing admirers from near and far."" --> ""beauty,"" c.1400, from Latin pulchritudo ""beauty; excellence, attractiveness,"" from pulcher ""beautiful,"" of unknown origin."

euphony

"(n) Pleasing or sweet sound, especially as formed by a harmonious use of words / a pleasant, harmonious quality of sound formed when words are combined to create smooth enunciation of letters and syllables (OPP: cacophony): ""To some people, opera is a euphony; to others rap provides that kind of harmony. (harmoniousness, consonance)""; ""Walt Whitman is a famous, early American poet whose picturesque euphony of poetry paints a memorable picture of nature and history. (melodiousness, musicality)""; ""I feel that opera is the only true euphony, because it combines music with the spoken word and elicits intense emotions. (melodiousness, musicality)""; ""The poet's lovely voice sounded like music to me; her reading was pure euphony. (melodiousness, musicality)"" --> Euphony is derived from the Greek euphOnia, from euphOnos, ""sweet-voiced, musical."" Literature, poetry, music, or even a person's speech patterns can be a euphony. It is a literary term that refers to language that is smooth and pleasing to the ear."

impasse

"(n) Position or road from which there is no escape; deadlock / a road with only one way to get in and out; dead end / a situation in which it is impossible to continue with a discussion or plan because the people involved cannot agree: at an impasse: ""The political process is at an impasse.""; ""Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse.""; ""The continuing impasse in negotiations made military conflict seem likely.""; ""There seemed no way to end the impasse over the Lockerbie affair.""; ""After days of talks, labor negotiations hit an impasse. (deadlock, dead end, stalemate)""; ""I couldn't take my usual route to work because construction had created an impasse. (dead-end)""; ""Because the jurors had hit an impasse, the judge had to declare a mistrial(hata yüzünden hükümsüz kalan yargılama). (deadlock, stalemate)""; ""The negotiations reached an impasse when neither side could agree on the price of the product. (deadlock, stalemate)"" --> To understand the meaning of the word impasse, simply break it down. When you combine the Latin prefix im- ""not"" with passe ""pass,"" impasse means ""not able to pass."" Impasse represents a point where people cannot move forward."

puissance

"(n) Power, might: ""It seems that the unadorned lie no longer has its old puissance.""; ""Nothing is decided in the four years' contest but the simple matter of military puissance.""; ""One can imagine what his puissance might be at the present ghostly stage.""; ""Until their puissance they did prove, their manhood and their might."" // puissant (adj): having great power, influence, or strength: ""Donald Trump became the most puissant developer in New York. (powerful, influential)""; ""The senator became more puissant when he was appointed chairman of the finance committee. (powerful, influential)""; ""I became more puissant at my company when I was promoted to Chief Financial Officer. (powerful, influential)""; ""The puissant city mayor abused his power and was indicted on fraud charges. (powerful, influential)"" --> p in the pH stands for 'puissance of Hydrogen' / PUISSANCE -> POTANCE -> POTENCY means power / police + sons = sons of people in police department will have power"

predilection

"(n) Preference, affinity, tendency or favorability towards / if you have a predilection for something, especially something unusual, you like it very much: predilection for: ""Mrs Lane's predilection for gossip""; ""In fact, there seems to be a general predilection of benign strictures for the left side of the colon.""; ""We went to the Chinese restaurant across town because he had a predilection for their egg rolls. (fondness, preference)""; ""Her predilection for buying designer shoes is quickly becoming expensive. (penchant, propensity)""; ""He had a strong predilection for the less-qualified candidate, and I couldn't understand why he liked him so much. (favoritism, bias)""; ""My husband's predilection for pizza supersedes his taste for all other foods. (taste, fondness, preference)"" --> Predilection comes from pre, ""before"" and diligere, ""choose, love."" Therefore, predilection means ""first choice or first love."" It is a more sophisticated way of denoting preference. Predilection is synonymous with penchant. Predilection is more often used to describe a preference or an affinity for something: ""She has a predilection for chocolate."" A penchant is more of a habit that others may not like: ""A penchant for drama and overreacting."""

synoptic

"(n) Relating to a synopsis or summary; giving a general view / a short description of the main events or ideas in a book, film etc [= summary]: ""I read the synopsis and decided that it would make an interesting film.""; ""Please write a synopsis of the story, not more than 100 words long.""; ""Kneale read the synopsis but felt the format too whimsical to fit his much grimmer style of writing.""; ""My boss did not have time to review the entire proposal, so I sent him a synopsis of it. (outline, summary)""; ""The newspaper provided synopses of all the movies currently playing at the theater. (summaries, abstracts)""; ""I like to read a synopsis of a play before I decide to buy tickets. (outline, summary)""; ""I usually like to read the synopsis on the back of a book so I have a good idea of what it will be about. (summary, abstract)"" --> Synopsis is derived from the Greek synopsis, which means ""general view."" Synopsis is frequently used in business to refer to the main points of a proposal. Synopsis is a more sophisticated way of saying ""summary"" or ""outline."" The plural form of synopsis is synopses."

effigy

"(n) Representation or image of a person, esp. a crude facsimile used to mock a hated person / a roughly made, usually ugly, model of someone you dislike / a model or representation of a disliked figure, often used in expressions of public anger or condemnation: ""An effigy of Mr MacSharry was burned by protesting farmers in Strasbourg last week in a violent protest against the deal.""; ""During the annual Pope Day at Newport and Boston, crowds burned the pope in effigy.""; ""After the coup(darbe), images of the former dictator were burned in effigy throughout the country. (image, representation)""; ""The protestors carried effigies of tobacco company CEOs in nooses. (figures, icons)""; ""It is rare for a world leader not to be symbolized in effigy by a disapproving group at one point or another. (figure, symbol)""; ""The employees drew devil horns on a picture of their previous manager as an effigy to illustrate what they really thought of him. (image, model)"" --> Effigy is often heard in the expression ""burned in effigy,"" which refers to the symbolic condemnation of a despised public figure's image. Protestors almost always have effigies (model, mask, picture) of world leaders that they use to mock the world leaders during their protest. / efFIGy... when FIGO moved from Braca to Real his dummies were burnt / "

rejoinder

"(n) Response or reply, esp. a witty comeback / a reply, especially a rude one: ""He tried to think of a snappy rejoinder.""; ""Sharpton has a funny rejoinder for every occasion.""; ""Eliot concurred; but he still felt that sometimes it was necessary to write a fairly sharp rejoinder.""; --> [yanıt, kaba yanıt, yerinde cevap] / A rejoinder usually means a witty comeback. If someone asks you a silly question like, ""Are you painting?"" when you are holding a paint can and a brush, your rejoinder could be, ""No, I'm just doing my nails."" / You REJOIN the same conversation with a rude reply, and that reply called rejoinder"

plutocracy

"(n) Rule by the wealthy / a ruling class or government that consists of rich people, or a country that is governed by rich people: ""Some were outright extensions of traditional hierarchies, while others were predominantly recruited from the new plutocracy and professions."""

effrontery

"(n) Shameless boldness / rude behaviour that shocks you because it is so confident (SYN audacity): have the effrontery to do something: ""She had the effrontery to ask me for more money.""; ""I wasn't even invited to the party, but my sister had the effrontery to ask me for a ride home. (nerve, gall)""; ""Her effrontery was shocking, not just because it was rude, but because it seemed so out of character. (rudeness, impudence)""; ""Cory's intrusive questions invaded my privacy and bordered on effrontery. (audacity, impudence)""; ""His effrontery to ask for a raise when he came to work late and left early nearly every day made me laugh. (nerve, audacity, arrogance)"" --> Effrontery is from the Latin effrons or ""barefaced."" Someone who has the effrontery to do something has no shame or fear of losing face. They show their emotions freely. / In every lines for lunch she comes and goes in front of everybody in a confident, shameless and boldness way."

legerdemain

"(n) Slight-of-hand (magic as performed by a magician); trickery or deception [el çabukluğu,hokkabazlık,aldatmaca] / when you deceive people cleverly: ""This kind of legal legerdemain is one of the most damaging legacies of the takeover binge of the 1980s.""; ""Nobody writing today has his bag of literary tricks and can produce them with such effortless legerdemain.""; ""The concept of a business model for open-source software is a contradictory feat(beceri ya da cesaret isteyen hareket) of legerdemain.""; ""However, the simplest way to view this financial legerdemain is to note the double-counting."" --> léger de main 'light of hand' / legerdemain: legendary man - that legendary man was famous of his way of deceiving people cleverly. / Legendery+Man - remember Barney Stinson from HIMYM? he used to do magic tricks to impress the girls and do trickery for sleeping with them.. :)"

reactant

"(n) Something that reacts; a substance that undergoes a change in a chemical reaction / A substance that is altered or incorporated into another substance in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction: ""After the reactant gases react and deposit on the substrate, the exhaust gases flow toward and out the molybdenum exhaust ring."""

elegy

"(n) Song or poem of sorrow, esp. for a deceased person / a sad poem or song,especially about someone who has died [? eulogy]: ""What begins as a satiric novel of ideas ends as a surprisingly moving elegy.""; ""The sonnet is an emotional elegy, and the tone is mournful."" --> E(a)-LEGY(legendary). so if a legendary person dies, people sing a mournful poem or people lament or regret for his death."

panoply

"(n) Splendid, wide-ranging, impressive display or array / an impressive show of special clothes, decorations etc, especially at an important ceremony / a large number of people or things: panoply of: ""a panoply of men in grey suits"" / full/entire/whole panoply of something (=the whole range of something): ""Penicillin was used to treat a whole panoply of conditions."" // ""Modern medicine offers doctors a panoply of less invasive tools to thrust inside disease-stricken bodies.""; ""Often the product is not merely a machine, but also a panoply of services that go with it."" --> on the MONOPOLY board game there is 'a large number of' colors and decorations!!"

fluke

"(n) Stroke of luck, something accidentally successful / something good that happens because of luck: ""He agreed that the second goal was a fluke.""; ""I'll have to win more than once, otherwise people will think it was a fluke.""; ""It was a fluke that I was able to get into his class since so many other students were vying(rekabet etmek) for the last spot. (luck, surprise)""; ""He's been studying extra hard to prove to his parents that the ""A"" on his last test wasn't just a fluke. (accident, coincidence)""; ""I hope our victory wasn't just a fluke. (accident, luck)""; ""It was a fluke that I ran into him at a party and we hit it off so well. (coincidence, surprise)"" --> The word fluke is an informal term for something good that happens by surprise or accident, rather than plan. / F(ortunately)LUKE(Y) means fortunately lucky / fluke sounds like of luck"

euphemism

"(n) Substitution of a mild, inoffensive, or indirect expression for one that is considered offensive or too direct / a polite word or expression that you use instead of a more direct one to avoid shocking or upsetting someone: "" 'Pass away' is a euphemism for 'die'.""; ""Some might say that ""homeland security"" is a euphemism for ""anti-terrorism,"" a much more unsettling term. (expression, substitution)""; ""Because he was nervous about being politically correct, the candidate littered his speech with euphemisms. (doublespeak, substitutions)""; ""The company released a statement announcing company restructuring, which was really a euphemism for future layoffs. (expression, locution)""; ""She never liked to speak about unpleasant situations and often used euphemism to soften the meaning of her words. (substitution, doublespeak)"" --> Assuming: females are milder than males as they are more emotionally inclined. It reads like E(xpress) U(yourself) Phemism(like feminism)."

ethos

"(n) The character, personality, or moral values specific to a person, group, time period, etc. / the set of ideas and moral attitudes that are typical of a particular group: ""In the late '60s, thousands of people lived according to an ethos of sharing and caring.""; ""Western art reflected the ethos of its society as surely as Soviet art.""; ""a community in which people lived according to an ethos of sharing and caring"" --> ethos=ethics"

syntax

"(n) The rules governing grammar and how words join to make sentences (or how words and symbols join in writing computer code), the study of these rules, or any system or orderly arrangement [sözdizimi; sözdizimi kuralları] / the way words are arranged to form sentences or phrases, or the rules of grammar which control this / the rules that describe how words and phrases are used in a computer language: ""Cureton would surely do better to rely on syntax to determine rhythmic grouping at this level.""; ""In computational linguistics the main approaches for implementing syntax can be broadly classified as either rule-based or probabilistic.""; ""Inflections, positions, and signpost words are the mainstay of syntax.""; ""The case will establish whether the syntax of computer languages can be held copyright."" --> One of the hardest things about learning a new language is figuring out the syntax, or the basic rules for the way that words and phrases should be arranged in a sentence in order for it to make sense. Syntax isn't necessarily something you think about when you're speaking, but the order of words in a sentence can make a huge difference to its meaning. If you aren't convinced, try telling a waiter that you'd like ""a slice of dessert for cake."" And then, as the waiter stands there looking confused, try explaining that you don't think ""important is very syntax."""

primacy

"(n) The state of being first or most important / if someone or something has primacy, they are the best or most important person or thing: ""the primacy of the family""; ""We must give primacy to education.""; ""The two companies are struggling for primacy in the software market.""; ""Insisting on the primacy of language does not however answer the question how the skills of language-using should be taught.""; ""This choice allows us to accord primacy to the authority's interpretation, while still preserving judicial control."" --> late 14c., from Old French primacie (14c., in Modern French spelled primatie) and directly from Medieval Latin primatia ""office of a church primate"" (late 12c.), from Late Latin primas (genitive primatis) ""principal, chief, of the first rank""; prime: late 14c., ""first in order,"" from Latin primus ""first, the first, first part,"" figuratively ""chief, principal; excellent, distinguished, noble"" (source also of Italian and Spanish primo), from pre-Italic *prismos, superlative of PIE *preis- ""before,"" from root *per- (1) ""beyond, through"""

larceny

"(n) Theft; the act or crime of stealing (petty larceny: The crime of stealing things that are worth only a small amount of money) : ""Brook now faces probable jail after an indictment(suçlama,itham) for larceny and income tax evasion""; ""Democrats have always been concerned about the abuse of power, not petty larceny.""; ""Although caught in the act, the man pleaded innocent when charged with grand larceny for stealing a car. (theft)""; ""He was charged with petty larceny after he stole the woman's purse. (theft, burglary)""; ""He spent six months in jail after he was convicted of grand larceny for stealing a car. (theft, robbery)""; ""Embezzlement(zimmetine geçirme) is a form of larceny that many white-collar criminals seem to justify in their own minds. (fraud, theft)"" --> Larceny is generally used as a legal charge for stealing. Most states break the charge into degrees of larceny that range from petty to grand. / break it up into LA-R-CENY LA (Law) and CENY (rhymes with Money or CENT for money) Unlawful taking of money = theft - law and cent"

itinerary

"(n) Travel schedule; detailed plan for a journey / a plan or list of the places you will visit on a journey: ""Road atlas programs will map out your route between two cities or set up a whole itinerary of stops.""; ""Again she went over the first few days of their itinerary in her mind.""; ""Our itinerary for today included visits to Pompeii and the Coliseum, and then, further travel to Sicily. (schedule, plan)""; ""We planned a nice itinerary for our guests, which included both relaxation and sightseeing. (tour, guide, schedule)""; ""The travel agent put together our itinerary for the five-day trip. (schedule, plan)""; ""Our wedding coordinator ensured that the day's itinerary did not fall off schedule. (plan, outline)"" --> Itinerary is derived from the Late Latin itinerarium, which means ""account of a journey."" An itinerary, in all senses, relates to the account of a journey, but these days, it's often used to refer to other kinds of plans or schedules, not just those involving travel. / yukardaki hikayesi anlatılan adam sırf bu iti almak için bi seyehat programı, rehberi yapmış. Adam 'itini arıyo' yani"

ingrate

"(n) Ungrateful person: ""Only an ingrate would question his casting(oyuncu seçimi) decisions."" --> ingrate: antonym of grateful"

magnate

"(n) Very important or influential person, esp. in business / a rich and powerful person in industry or business [= tycoon]: steel/oil/shipping etc magnate: ""a powerful media magnate""; ""Foundations set up by magnates such as Carnegie and Rockefeller provided most of the funding for the arts in the US.""; ""newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst""; ""She married a Texan oil magnate.""; ""the property magnate who owns the Empire State Building"" --> like a magnet.. Very rich people attracts friends, relatives like a magnet. Because everybody wants money from him. Those people are also a magnet for money since they are big businessmen."

transgression

"(n) Violation of a law, moral rule, order, etc.; sin // transgress (v): to do something that is against the rules of social behaviour or against a moral principle / to overstep what is considered acceptable; to violate a law: ""Orton's plays transgress accepted social norms.""; ""The terms of the treaty were transgressed almost immediately""; ""Almost immediately this treaty was transgressed by the construction of fortified trading posts on the Platte River and along the Oregon Trail.""; ""The act is too attractive, and they are tempted to transgress.""; ""You will not transgress the law by simply owning a gun; you will if you do not follow the rules for gun ownership. (violate, overstep)""; ""By painting his house a color other than white, Jim had transgressed the rules of his homeowners' association. (violated, disobeyed, disregarded)""; ""The penalty for the man's transgression was six months in jail. (act of overstepping the law) verb""; ""I think we can forgive your transgression this time, but please remember to abide by club rules in the future or we will have to ask you to leave. (act of overstepping the law or rules)"" --> Transgress is derived from the Latin transgredi, which means ""to walk or go beyond."" The related noun transgression refers to the act of overstepping a boundary, especially the law. A transgressor is the person breaking the rules or law. Transgress is a more sophisticated way of saying ""to break the law or rules."" / A man who dresses as a woman TRANS DRESSES the laws of propriety. / "

maelstrom

"(n) Violent whirlpool(girdap); any chaotic, turbulent situation [büyük girdap, kargaşa] / a confusing situation full of events or strong emotions that is difficult to understand or deal with [= whirlpool]: maelstrom of: ""a maelstrom of conflicting emotions""; ""Featuring prominently in the centre of this maelstrom was the towering figure of Richard Baxter.""; / dust or water that moves very quickly in circles: ""A spinning maelstrom of rain swept around the mountain."" / a violent storm --> all storms are named after a women but a male storm is even bigger a violent storm, whirlpoll. It creates a chaotic, turbulent situation also"

encomium

"(n) Warm, glowing praise, esp. a formal expression of praise / the expression of a lot of praise / intense praise; a text featuring high or intense praise: ""Gorgias' encomium depicts Helen of Troy as a righteous woman and an innocent victim. (eulogy)""; ""The book is essentially an encomium to the man's father, whom he idolizes. (praise, honor, eulogy)""; ""Joey decided to write an encomium about himself before he died to make sure he received accurate honor. (eulogy)""; ""The encomium I read at my father's memorial elicited both tears and laughter, but mainly, it appropriately honored him. (eulogy)"" --> Encomium comes from the Greek egko¯mion, meaning "eulogy," literally meaning ""to revel in." It often refers to a text or speech dedicated to honoring or praising someone and is a rather formal term. / INCOME - People of high INCOME always get a lot of praise. These high income people have condominium and get encomiums for that and they make large donations from their income and get encomium for that."

raconteur

"(n) Witty storyteller / someone who is good at telling stories in an interesting and amusing way: ""A colourful raconteur, his adventures would make a feature film I would pay money to see.""; ""Dave, garrulous, a bit tipsy, was a natural raconteur.""; ""Everyone gathered around the campfire to hear the old raconteur tell his stories. (storyteller)""; ""We were all happy they invited Jim to speak at the dinner because he was a great raconteur. (orator)""; ""The raconteur told funny stories from long ago. (storyteller, charmer)""; ""He is such a great raconteur, I could listen to his stories all night. (storyteller, orator)"" --> It may be helpful to think of the related word recount, as it means ""to relay the particulars or facts of something."" A raconteur recounts stories very well, using wit and anecdotes. / recount: hikaye etmek; yani olmuş bi olayı yeniden saymak - so recounter is raconteur"

pugilism

"(n) boxing, fighting with the fists / The skill, practice, and sport of fighting with the fists; boxing. --> 1789, from Latin pugil ""boxer, fist-fighter,"" related to pugnus ""fist"" (see pugnacious) + -ism."

fledgling

"(n; adj) A young bird that has just recently gotten its feathers, an inexperienced person; a young or inexperienced person; a young bird with new feathers, just learning how to fly (noun) // new or inexperienced; new and lacking experience in some activity--just starting out: ""Democratic reforms are beginning to take hold in this fledgling republic."" (adj) /// ""The fledgling author honed her skills by writing short stories. (unseasoned, inexperienced) adjective""; ""Struggling for customers, the fledgling wine bar realized it would need to extend advertising beyond its current demographics. (developing, start-up) adjective""; ""You have come a long way; I remember when you were just a fledgling in this company, and now you're the Vice President of Sales and Marketing. (novice, newcomer) noun""; ""It's hard to believe that just last year we were a fledgling startup with five employees, and now we are full-scale operation with over 100 employees. (inexperienced, young, green) adjective"" --> Think about a baby bird, a fledgling, just learning how to fly. Think, just taking flight, just getting started. Fledgling is most often used as an adjective to describe a rookie or a new, usually small, enterprise. Fledgling is not necessarily a negative word. It is simply a word used to describe someone or something new and inexperienced."

panegyric

"(n; adj) Formal or lofty expression of praise / a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something a lot (noun) // expressing praise (adjective) /// ""In ancient Athens, panegyrics were delivered at festivals and games in order to inspire the citizens to achieve great things. (acclamations) noun""; ""Milton was assigned to deliver the obligatory panegyric to honor the new leader. (tribute) noun""; ""The tennis player's panegyric speech to his opponent was seen as a mark of great sportsmanship. (laudatory, complimentary) adjective""; ""My friend's panegyric statements on my birthday were sweet, but a little over-the-top. (laudatory, flattering) adjective"" --> Panegyric is derived from the Latin panegyricus, which means ""public eulogy."" Panegyric has come to simply denote a public speech of praise. / Mevlana'nın övgü sözlerinde, methiyesinde "" 'bana gerek', seni gerek"" diyordu"

polyglot

"(n; adj) Speaking or composed of many languages (of a person, book, etc.); a person who knows several languages; a mixture of different languages / speaking or using many languages [= multilingual]: ""Its leaders and managers refuse to speak a polyglot language derived from the patois of lawyers, accountants, and pop psychologists."" --> ""The polyglot teacher spoke to the students in French, Spanish, and Japanese. (trilingual) adjective""; ""There are many polyglots in the United States because many people come here from other countries. (multilingual persons) noun""; ""I studied French throughout high school and college to build on the two other languages I already spoke, in order to become a true polyglot. (linguist) noun""; ""Growing up, I lived in a polyglot neighborhood where many different languages could be heard on a daily basis. (multilingual) adjective"" --> Polyglot is derived from the Greek polyglottos, which means ""many-tongued."" Poly is the Greek word for ""many,"" and glottos refers to ""tongue"" or ""foreign words."""

surrogate

"(n; adj) Substitute, person who acts for another [yerine geçen kimse; vekil] / a person or thing that takes the place of someone or something else: surrogate for: ""Bright-light therapy is used as a surrogate for sunshine.""; ""The President's surrogates have been campaigning for him nonstop."" (noun) /// acting as a replacement / a surrogate person or thing is one that takes the place of someone or something else: ""William was acting as a surrogate father for his brother's son.""; ""The old couple across the street were like surrogate grandparents to me.""; ""Regional governments have started to issue their own kinds of surrogate money.""; ""They merely suffered from unresolved Oedipal complexes, and were attacking universities as a surrogate father."" (adjective) // ""When the President cannot make it to an engagement, the Vice President often serves as his surrogate. (substitute, fill-in, replacement) noun""; ""Preschool teachers serve as a surrogate family while the children's parents are at work. (temporary, substitute, fill-in) adjective""; ""Because the couple cannot have children of their own, they will look for a suitable surrogate mother. (substitute) adjective""; ""Because she is afraid to fly, reading books about far-away destinations serves as surrogate travel for her. (replacement, substitute) adjective"" --> Başkan ülke dışına gitmeyi sevmiyordu ve bu tip yolculuklar için ""SOR O GİTsin"" diye yerine 'vekil' tayin ediyor, 'yerine geçen kimseyi' gösteriyordu."

invective

"(n; adj) Violent denunciation; accusations, insults, or verbal abuse / rude and insulting words that someone says when they are very angry: ""He let out a stream of invective."" (noun) // characterized by abuse or criticism; abusive, defamatory, accusatory /// ""The demonstrators began to use threats and invectives to make their point. (defamation, belittlement) noun""; ""During the argument, invectives were shouted by both men. (abusive words) noun""; ""His characterization of me was downright invective, and I won't stand for that kind of attack. (abusive, defamatory) adjective""; ""The debate was full of invectives, and it was clear that the two men really hated each other. (accusations, attacks) noun"" --> Invective is derived from the Latin invectus, which means ""to attack with words."" An invective is an attack using words. Language described as invective is harsh, abusive, and often defamatory. Invective is a more sophisticated way of saying ""verbal attack"" or ""abusive words."" / ENVY + ACTIVE - an active envy..who doesnt want to see you sucessful...such a person wil try all ways to bring you down..hence he will use ABUSIVE and DEFAMATORY langauge..to express his ill will for you. because his envy is active."

subpoena

"(n; v) A court order requiring a person to appear in court and give testimony [celb kağıdı] / a written order to come to a court of law and be a witness: ""A subpoena to them, I suggest, is bound to uncover a good deal of information, including doctors' names.""; ""He then handed me two grand-jury subpoenas, one to produce physical evidence a blood specimen and one to testify."" (noun) // to order someone to come to a court of law and be a witness [mahkeme çağırmak, celb etmek]: ""James was subpoenaed as a witness.""; ""Another three of the president's advisors were subpoenaed.""; ""If you refuse to attend the trial we can always get you subpoenaed."" (verb) --> A subpoena is a document that requires its recipient to appear in court as a witness. If you receive a subpoena, it doesn't mean you've done anything wrong; it just means you may have information that's needed by the court. Subpoena can also be a verb: You can subpoena someone by giving them a subpoena. If you receive a subpoena but fail to carry out its instructions, you're in big trouble. This fact is suggested by the Latin roots of this word: the prefix sub- means ""under"" and poena means ""penalty."" One nice thing about a subpoena is that it's not a summons; if you get one of those, it means you're being sued. / when court can get an opinian of something, tehy send you a paper which calls you to the court and give a SUB+OPINION"

hallmark

"(n; v) A mark indicating quality, purity, genuineness, etc.; any distinguishing characteristic / an idea, method, or quality that is typical of a particular person or thing: ""These hotels still offer the sort of service which were the hallmark of the grand days of travel.""; ""The explosion had all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack.""; ""Their performance did not bear the hallmark of European champions."" / a mark put on silver, gold, or platinum that shows the quality of the metal, and where and when it was made (noun) // to put a hallmark on silver, gold, or platinum (v) --> Goldsmiths' Hall in London, England where gold and silver articles were tested and marked"

repast

"(n; v) A meal / food taken for the occasion of one meal (noun) // to eat or feast (verb) // ""We usually have a simple repast following our weekly meeting, to spur a sense of comradarie. (meal)""; ""The elegant repast was carefully put together to celebrate the couple's marriage. (feast, spread)""; ""Our picnic repast consisted of fruit, cheese, and white wine. (meal)""; ""My morning repast kept me satiated until lunch. (meal)"" --> Repast is derived from the Old French repaistre, ""to feed."" Repast is a formal term for a meal, whether simple or elegant, and is not much used in modern conversation. Nowadays, it is more of a literary term. / Repast or say re+fast...before refasting the next day we have a repast. / re(again)+PASTa - in our 'meal' we had pasta again"

strut

"(n; v) A structural support or brace [destek, payanda] / a long thin piece of metal or wood used to support a part of a building, the wing of an aircraft etc: ""Each leg consisted of a primary strut with an inner and outer cylinder in a piston-like arrangement."" / a proud way of walking, with your head high and your chest pushed forwards [kasıla kasıla yürüyüş]: ""You had to go by their strut to distinguish between who should be approached and who avoided."" (noun) /// to walk proudly with your head high and your chest pushed forwards, showing that you think you are important: strut around/about/across etc: ""I strutted around Chicago as if I were really somebody.""; ""He strutted across the stage like Mick Jagger.""; ""Jackson strutted around on stage between songs.""; ""The hotel was full of rich people strutting around in fur coats and Rolex watches."" / strut your stuff: to show your skill at doing something, especially dancing or performing: ""The band strutted their stuff in a free concert.""; ""And by 1895, the city was ready to strut its stuff when it hosted the Cotton States International Exposition."" --> kasıla kasıla yürümek; hünerlerini sergilemek / When you strut, you walk with a proud swagger that has a little arrogance thrown in, like the prance of a running back who has just flown past the 250-pound linebackers and planted the ball in the end zone. You can't strut and be shy about it — when you strut, you know people are watching you. The big boss in a gangster film, a model on the runway, and the rap artist whose album has just gone platinum all know how to strut. The noun form of strut has a little less flash and refers to a vertical or horizontal support that holds something up, like the long steel bars holding up a building. / rhymes with SLUT - imagine the way she walks...pompous, with head erect and chest thrown out. while walking like this, slut shows her skills and stuffs / Rhymes with straight. For something to be straight, you need a support.; also walking straight up, chest front"

parley

"(n; v) Discussion, negotiation, esp. between enemies / a discussion in which enemies try to achieve peace: ""Neither party paused for breath or parley.""; ""When parley failed, he met aggression with his own fury."" (noun) // to discuss or negotiate, especially with an enemy (verb) /// ""The two leaders are set to parley this weekend, in hopes of reaching a trade agreement. (talk, negotiate) verb""; ""Negotiations ended after one representative walked out of the parley. (conference, discussion) noun""; ""We have scheduled a parley with the client for two o'clock this afternoon. (negotiation, conference, discussion) noun""; ""I would prefer to parley this matter ourselves, rather than battle it out in court. (discuss, arbitrate, settle) verb"" --> Parley is derived from the French parler, which means ""to speak."" Parley means ""to discuss"" or, in the noun form, refers to the discussion itself. Do not confuse parley with its homonym parlay. Parlay means to use advantages that you already have, such as your skills, experience, or money, and increase their value by using all your opportunities well"

harangue

"(n; v) Long, intense verbal attack, esp. when delivered publicly / a forceful, public criticism made in a speech or sometimes in writing (noun) // to speak in a loud angry way, often for a long time, in order to criticize someone or to persuade them that you are right: harangue somebody about something: ""He stood on the street corner, haranguing passers-by about the stupidity of the forthcoming war.""; ""Teachers can't teach when they have to harangue the kids about good behavior."" (verb) /// ""The lawyer's closing comments were marked by a vicious harangue against the defendant. (diatribe, rant) noun""; ""One amusing invention of the Harry Potter series' author is a letter called a ""howler,"" which, if left unopened, harangues the addressee in a public, ear-splitting, and humiliating way. (criticizes, rants against) verb""; ""Our uptight, next-door neighbor will sometimes come out and harangue us for playing our music too loud. (scold, reprimand) verb""; ""The teacher delivered a long harangue to her students, on why teasing is mean and grounds for expulsion. (rant, speech, lecture) noun"" [uzun ve sıkıcı konuşma, nutuk atmak, vaaz vermek] --> Harangue comes from the Italian word aringa, which means ""public speech."" Harangue is more than just a public speech, however, as it almost always means ""an angry and critical public speech."" If you harangue someone, you not only criticize harshly, but you're probably trying to get the person to do something. / HAR (her) + ANGUE (anger) = she VERBALLY ATTACKED me because of HER ANGER at me."

paragon

"(n; v) Model of excellence, perfect example; someone who is perfect or is extremely brave, good etc - often used humorously / model of excellence; best example of something (noun) // to compare or match up (verb) /// ""The client loved the concept for the commercial and called it a paragon of great advertising. (example, paradigm)""; ""Ideally, a hero would be a paragon of courage and virtue. (exemplar, model)""; ""The building is a paragon of architecture; it is a true masterpiece. (ideal, masterpiece, paradigm)""; ""Many economists point to Hong Kong as a paragon of capitalism in Asia. (archetype, ideal)"" --> Paragon is derived from the Italian paragone, which was a touchstone for testing gold. The idea is that of comparison. One often hears phrases such as ""paragon of virtue,"" denoting a person who has no equal in terms of a particular characteristic. Use paragon as a more sophisticated way of referring to an ideal model or example of excellence. / Aragorn was trying to be the model of excellence and best example for people"

stint

"(n; v) Period of time spent doing something, or a specific, limited amount of work [görev, iş, süre] / a period of time spent doing a particular job or activity: stint in-at ""Mark did a two-year stint in the army.""; ""After a stint in the army, Bill worked in sales.""; ""Dimascio was promoted after serving a stint of five years as a sergeant pilot.""; ""He has changed his schedule to a three-day stint, which starts Friday.""; ""Krem began his career with the Victoria Symphony, followed by stints with orchestras in Winnipeg and Quebec.""; ""Rick was fired in August after a brief stint with a Portland courier service.""; ""She served a two-year stint as an aide to Congressman Jim McNulty.""; ""We should thank Mary for the long stint she's done as party treasurer."" (noun) /// to be frugal(tutumlu), to get by on little [kısmak, esirgemek] / to provide or use too little of something: stint on: ""They didn't stint on food and drink at their wedding.""; stint yourself: ""In order to avoid stinting yourself, make sure you have enough money to cover all your expenses.""; ""But stinting excessively would probably damage his reputation more than overspending.""; ""But no-one seems interested in the fact that you've almost certainly stinted yourself for years.""; ""No effort has been stinted in polishing this painfully derivative picture as if it were a diamond instead of strictly paste.""; ""To avoid having to stint yourself, these need to be budgeted for in advance."" (verb) --> The noun stint means a set amount of time in which you do something — often work of some sort. ""She served a stint in the army, followed by a stint in an office setting, before settling on a career as a lounge singer."". Unlike a project or vocation, a stint can refer to the stretch of time spent doing a particular job. You apply for a job, but you refer to your past stint in the Peace Corps. As a verb, stint means to be sparring or frugal, or restrict in a stingy(cimri) manner (""to skimp""). ""The school board chose to make cuts at the administrative level, rather than stint on the children's education."" / sit+in+the= period of time spent when you ""sit in the"" job / when you provide something little, being frugal, you SIT ON That"

ford

"(n; v) Place where a river or similar body of water is shallow (is not deep) enough to walk or ride a vehicle across: ""Once across the ford leave the track and walk through the fields by the burn side.""; ""Hiding and sleeping by day, they were watching a ford of the river by night"" (noun) // to cross at such a place; To cross (a body of water) at a ford. (verb) --> (ırmak,dere,vb. de) sığ geçit yeri; derenin sığ yerinden geçmek / ford car....you crossed the ford in your ford / you ford the shallow water in your ford."

rue

"(n; v) Regret, remorse / regret or sorrow about something in the past (noun) /// to feel regret or remorse / to wish that you had not done something [= regret]: ""She learned to rue the day she had met Henri.""; ""Maja Nagel rues the day when she had to leave a castle in the East for a cramped little studio in Berlin."" (verb) // ""You will rue the day you told her my secret. (regret) verb""; ""Much to my rue, I lost the bet. (regret, sorrow) noun""; ""I hope they don't rue the day they bought the house on the busy street. (regret, lament) verb""; ""She rued the day she offered to help her friend and ended up with her own troubles. (regretted, bemoaned) verb"" --> ""You will rue the day!"" is a somewhat common expression, used almost comically, to denote that the person being addressed will regret what he or she has done. Rue refers to regret, whether used as a verb or noun. It is also the name of a type of herb. / Rue comes from the Old English word hreowan, meaning ""to make sorry,"" and rue can still sum up a lot of sorrow in one small syllable. Rue is a modern verb that often looks back on the past. Shakespeare made famous the phrase ""rue the day,"" meaning you bitterly regret a moment. For example, you might rue the day you had your first coffee if you become hopelessly addicted to it. / rue sounds similar to ruin...when you ruin your life you REGRET it"

gouge

"(n; v) Scooping or digging tool, like a chisel(heykeltraş, oymacı kalemi), or a hole made with such a tool / a hole or cut made in something, usually by a sharp tool or weapon: ""He used small gouges to carve little tufts of fur with long, controlled strokes, following the marked lines.""; ""To shape the generous indentation(çentik), the wood was taken out gradually with a deep oval gouge."" (noun) // cut or scoop out; force out a person's eye with one's thumb; swindle, extort money from / to make a deep hole or cut in the surface of something: ""He took a knife and gouged a hole in the bottom of the boat."" / gouge something ? out: to form a hole, space etc by digging into a surface and removing material, or to remove material by digging: ""A rough road had been gouged out of the rock.""; ""30,000 tonnes of slate are gouged out of the mountains every week.""; ""In the play he tries to gouge out his own eyes.""; ""Bombs from the B-52s gouged huge craters in the downtown area.""; ""Hotels are ready to gouge Olympic visitors by raising room prices."" ""The blade gouged a deep wound in her leg."" (verb) /// ""The children used a pocket knife to gouge their names into a plank outside the tree house. (scrape, scratch)""; ""Mothers tell their children not to run with scissors because they could gouge out their eye. (stab)""; ""The falling boulder gouged a trough into the side of the mountain. (dug, bored)""; ""Taxi drivers in many countries often try to gouge naïve tourists. (overcharge)"" --> You may have heard the term ""price gouging,"" which refers to putting unreasonably and unfairly high prices on items that the public needs. The idea of gouging is that of scraping or digging a hole into something. Think of price gouging as a way of ""digging a hole"" out of someone's finances. The word gouge is also a noun, referring to a tool used for cutting grooves in things. / gauge is the term which measures width, thickness of needles. So when you make a gouge or when you gouge something, you measure the gauge of that hole's thickness "

redress

"(n; v) Setting something right after a misdeed, compensation or relief for injury or wrongdoing / money that someone pays you because they have caused you harm or damaged your property [= compensation]: ""The only hope of redress is in a lawsuit.""; ""The courts provide the means of redress for victims of crime.""; ""Instead of redress, he received a presidential medal presented by President Lincoln.""; ""Petitioners commonly seek redress from the government for land grabs, water pollution, corruption and other issues."" (noun) // correct, set right, remedy / to correct something that is wrong or unfair: ""Little could be done to redress the situation.""; ""Affirmative action was meant to redress the balance (=make the situation fair) for minorities.""; ""Congress has done little to redress these injustices.""; ""Saving Sierra Leone is, as much as anything else, about redressing the awful imbalance in life chances the war created."" (verb) --> re(again)+dress= for setting something right, correcting it and compensate, you dress that situation again. [telafi etmek, tazminat, düzeltmek]"

toady

"(n; v) Someone who flatters or acts in a servile manner for self-serving reasons / someone who pretends to like an important person and does things for them, so that that person will help them - used to show disapproval: ""He felt like a hanger-on, a toady.""; ""Is Tony now the Toad's toady?""; ""It strikes me that Tommy has already mastered the art of being a toady."" (noun) /// to pretend to like an important person and do things for them, so that they will help you - used to show disapproval: ""toadying to the boss""; ""He has long accused Barroso of toadying to national capitals at the expense of Europe.""; ""Two replies later, Boris was toadying: "" I am with Russell on that point."" ""; ""It wasn't just blind loyalty, though, toadying up to the manager - more a conviction that given time he would come good""; ""Also disturbing is your in-laws' history of toadying to Tim's insanity, particularly as it involves your husband."" --> You can call the kid who is always really nice to the teacher in hopes of getting a good grade a brown-noser or, if you want to sound clever, a toady. The word toady has a gross, yet engaging history. Back when medicine was more trickery than science, traveling medicine men would come to a town. Their assistant would eat a toad (you read that right) that was assumed poisonous so that the medicine man could ""heal"" him. Who would want that job, right? So toad-eater, later shortened to toady, came to mean a person who would do anything to please his boss. / 'Ass-kisser' people usually starts their talk like ""Sir, ""TODAY""(toady) you look very ...... (this an act of pleasing someone in order to gain a personal advantage.)"""

repose

"(n; v) The act or state of resting; peacefulness, tranquility; lying dead in a grave / a state of calm or comfortable rest: ""The only true repose is in the grave.""; ""His reactions caused him pleasure, fury, deep repose or inner peace."" (noun) // if something reposes somewhere, it has been put there / if someone reposes somewhere, they rest there / repose your trust/hope etc in somebody: to trust someone to help you --> Repose is a formal or literary term used to mean the act of resting, or the state of being at rest. Repose is also a state of mind: freedom from worry. As a verb, repose means to rest or relax, or to rest on something for support: There she was, reposing on the front porch. The verb is from Middle English, from Old French reposer, from Late Latin repaus?re ""to cause to rest,"" from the Latin prefix re- ""again"" plus paus?re ""to rest."""

knell

"(n; v) The sound made by a bell for a funeral, or any sad sound or signal of a failure, death, ending, etc: ""The loss of Georgia would sound the death knell of Republican hopes.""; ""Incidentally, those who predicted the smoking ban would spell the death knell of the Irish pub couldn't have been more wrong.""; ""Toll on, thou passing bell; Ring out my doleful knell; Let thy sound my death tell."" (noun) // to make such a sound (verb) --> knell== k + (hell+bell) === when you die if you toll a bell or knell you will be in hell... / if you knell a bell go to hell"

reprobate

"(n; v; adj) Disreputable, unprincipled, or damned person / someone who behaves in an immoral way - often used humorously: ""After all, even a hardened reprobate like myself must have some standards to adhere to.""; ""When fighting the good fight against such a reprobate there is no need for critics to resort to dishonesty and excess."" (noun) /// to disapprove, condemn, or reject [SYN: condemn, blame, judge] (verb) /// shameless, depraved / deviating from what is considered acceptable, good, or proper (adjective) // ""The Senator's racist comments were reprobated by the commission. (denounced, condemned) verb""; ""She found his heavy drinking, drug use, and gambling to be reprobate, and didn't see any hope for their relationship. (immoral, corrupt) adjective""; ""The priest told her she would be reprobated if she continued her immoral behavior. (condemned) verb""; ""You can't live your life as a reprobate and continue breaking the law every chance you get. (miscreant, villain) noun"" --> Reprobate has the same origin as the word reprove, but is a stronger and more formal word. It is used in religious contexts to describe a ""damned soul."" Someone or something reprobate is highly immoral or warranting very strong disapproval. Reprobate is used most often in its adjective form, to describe less than desirable moral scruples, and as a verb, to condemn or reject. The related noun reprobation referst to strong condemnation or censure, or, in the context of religion, eternal damnation. / kötü karakterli, ahlaksız. namussuz-ahlaksız kimse; yoldan çıkmış, kötü karakterli; kınamak, hoşgörmemek / rape+rob+ate... a person who is a 'villain', 'corrupt and immoral, villain'. he rapes, robs and eats them. Everybody will 'condemn him and disapprove' him."

dupe

"(n;v) Person who is easily fooled or used; someone who is tricked, especially into becoming involved in something illegal: ""Investigators believe Dailey was a dupe for international drug smugglers.""; ""Some portray the family as unwitting(kasıtsız,farkında olmayan) dupes of conspiracy theorists."" (noun) /// to fool or exploit; to trick or deceive someone: dupe somebody into doing something: ""Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.""; ""The perpetrators(fail) of the hoax(aldatmaca, oyun) managed to dupe respectable journalists into printing their story.""; ""The spies duped government and military officials alike."" (verb) --> duplicates(in movies) are used to fool people.... / Dolandırılan adama bakan komiser ""sen düpedüz aldatılmışsın, kandırılmışsın. kazıklamışlar dolandırmışlar seni"" dedi"

impugn

"(v) Attack the truth or integrity of / to cast doubt on or call into question; to question the truthfulness or integrity of something of someone /to express doubts about someone's honesty, courage, ability etc: ""I did not mean to impugn her professional abilities.""; ""Gerlick has filed a complaint impugning the judge's integrity.""; ""Please don't impugn my ideas in front of other employees; if you don't like them, tell me so in private. (malign, challenge)""; ""The attorney impugned the witness' testimony in an effort to cause doubt among the jury members. (challenged, attacked)""; ""When her reputation was maliciously impugned by a journalist, the actress filed a lawsuit against him. (attacked, maligned)""; ""You can question my rationale, but please do not impugn my integrity. (challenge, question)"" --> Impugn is derived from the Latin impugnare, meaning "to fight against." When people question the veracity or truthfulness of another person's statement or call into question someone's integrity, they impugn the statement or person who is questioned. Impugn is often used as a more sophisticated retort: ""Don't impugn (call into question) my integrity"" or ""please do not impugn (question) the veracity(doğruluk, gerçeklik) of my story."" / pugn is root word meaning fight...(for eg ..pugnacious means quarrelsome) so impugn means sense of contradicting in order to cause a dispute"

propitiate

"(v) Attempt to reconcile with, satisfy, or reduce the animosity of (a person who is angry, offended, etc.) / to make someone who has been unfriendly or angry with you feel more friendly by doing something to please them [= appease]: ""Ritual offerings of meat, spices and wines were made by the mortal family to propitiate the restless spirit.""; ""To propitiate him, the people offered Lung roasted swallows, hearts and red lotus blossoms.""; ""The politician hoped his clean-air bill would help propitiate angry environmentalists. (appease)""; ""He brought donuts to work as a propitiatory gift, in hopes that everyone would forgive him for losing his temper. (appeasing, conciliating) adjective""; ""Mark sent flowers to his girlfriend everyday last week, in order to propitiate her anger over his lies. (soften, pacify)""; ""The propitiatory flowers didn't work; she was still angry a week later. (conciliatory) adjective"" --> Propitiate is derived from the Late Latin propitiationem, which means ""an atonement."" To propitiate is to make an atonement to someone who is angry with you. It may help to think of the word proper, as it means ""correct."" Propitiate means you are making an effort to make things proper again. Something described as propitiatory is intended to appease. Propitiate is similar to mollify or appease, but to propitiate is more formal and means ""to receive atonement or forgiveness and then win favor."" --> bazı kişiler karşıdakinin 'gönlünü almak, yatıştırmak' için PURO BİŞİ ikram EDer"

hedge*

"(v) Avoid commitment by leaving provisions for withdrawal or changing one's mind; protect a bet by also betting on the other side / to avoid giving a direct answer to a question: ""You're hedging again - have you got the money or haven't you?""; "" 'That depends on my partner,' she hedged."" / hedge your bets: to reduce your chances of failure or loss by trying several different possibilities instead of one: ""It's a good idea to hedge your bets by applying to more than one college."" / hedge against something: to try to protect yourself against possible problems, especially financial loss: ""Smart managers will hedge against price increases."": can also be used as a noun: ""Buying a house will be a hedge against inflation."" / be hedged in: to be surrounded or enclosed by something: ""The building was hedged in by trees."" --> "

ossify

"(v) Become bone or become hard like bone; become inflexible in attitudes, opinions, etc. / to become unwilling to consider new ideas or change your behaviour: ""Gorbachev faced an ossified economic system.""; ""In some rare medical conditions, soft tissues may ossify to immobilize the patient. (harden)""; ""He was a creature-of-habit who never deviated from his ossified routine. (rigid) adjective""; ""Upon hearing the bad news, his face ossified and became emotionless. (hardened, stiffened)""; ""I beat the egg whites until they began to ossify, to create a perfect meringue for my key lime pie. (congeal, stiffen)"" --> Ossify is derived from the Latin ossis, which means ""bone."" Ossify means ""to become rigid and inflexible, like bone."" When something is described as ossified, it has become hard, thick, or rigid."

disparage

"(v) Belittle, put down; bring shame upon, discredit: ""A good manager would never disparage an employee in front of others. (belittle, demoralize)""; ""Marine drill sergeants are known for their use of disparaging methods for recruits in boot camp. (denigrating, demoralizing) adjective""; ""No matter how hard I work, my boss constantly disparages my efforts. (derides, belittles)""; ""I know I've made some mistakes on this project, but please don't disparage me; I feel bad enough as it is. (belittle, deprecate)"" --> Disparage is derived from the Middle French desparagier, ""to marry below one's class."" To disparage someone is to make the person feel inferior. Disparage is a more sophisticated way of saying ""belittle."" Disparaging someone is not a socially appropriate method of criticism. The related adjective is also disparaging."

inter

"(v) Bury (a dead body) or place in a tomb(kabir, mezar) / to bury a dead person: ""Eve's ashes are interred under a great oak(meşe ağacı) at Mottisfont Abbey in Hampshire.""; ""The unfortunate gents are then unceremoniously interred in the sisters' basement.""; ""They were unable to answer the question why they were interred here.""; ""Visions of dreamers were too frequently interred with their spirits."" --> enterrer, from Latin terra 'earth' / IN + TER = enTER IN the ground / INTo ERth(earth) -> burry"

expurgate

"(v) Censor; remove objectionable or offensive parts / expurgated (adj): an expurgated book, play etc has had some parts removed because they are considered harmful or offensive: ""Afterwards she went back to Emma and gave her an expurgated version.""; ""an expurgated version of her writings"" --> past participle of expurgare, from purgare; ? purge --- in medicine purge means to force yourself to bring food up from your stomach and out of your mouth, especially because you have bulimia; so it means to remove something that is thought to be harmful or unacceptable similar as expurgate"

exonerate

"(v) Clear from blame or accusation; free from a responsibility / to state officially that someone who has been blamed for something is not guilty; to release from a task, obligation, or duty (SYN: exculpate) // exonerate somebody from/of something: ""He was totally exonerated of any blame.""; ""Sometimes he punished himself when others were inclined to exonerate him.""; ""Even when someone is exonerated of crimes of child abuse, the public may still harbor doubts. (acquitted, officially cleared)""; ""The mentally ill woman was on permanent disability, and therefore her debts were finally exonerated. (dismissed, released)""; ""He was exonerated of all charges against him and was free to leave the prison immediately. (cleared, absolved)""; ""In court, we proved that we did not owe him any money, and we were exonerated from having to pay him. (dismissed, released)"" --> Exonerate is derived from the Latin ex-, ""free from"" with onus, ""burden."" Think, to free from the burden of guilt. Exonerate is similar to exculpate and vindicate in its meaning ""to absolve of guilt,"" but exonerate also means ""to release from an obligatory debt or duty."" Exonerate is most commonly used in the past tense, exonerated. The noun exoneration means ""the lifting or erasing of charges."" / EXONERATE ~ break it as EX (gone) HONOUR (pride) ~ to bring back your gone or fallen honour by getting the blame off you."

impute

"(v) Credit, attribute; lay blame or responsibility for (sometimes falsely) [ (to ile) (suç) yüklemek, atmak, itham etmek ] / impute something to somebody: to say, often unfairly, that someone is responsible for something bad or has bad intentions: ""The police were not guilty of the violence imputed to them.""; ""Did he dare to impute such motives to her as he clearly had himself?""; ""I don't mean to impute you, but I did notice that you seem to know a lot about what happened. (accuse) verb""; ""The police officer made the imputation that the car he found was the one reported missing, even though the license plate was a number different than the one given to him. (attribution, ascription) noun""; ""The imputation that my success was due to nepotism meant that I was not taken seriously. (accusation, insinuation) noun"" --> An imputation is a combination of an accusation and an assignment of blame for the outcome of the accusation. Impute is the verb form of imputation. It means ""to assign or ascribe blame"" or ""to attribute something to someone."" / im(PUT)e... put the blame to somebody, then they cut his hand, and he become amputee / "

grovel

"(v) Creep(sürünerek ilerlemek) or crawl(emeklemek) with one's face to the ground, prostrate oneself as a token of subservience, degrade or abase oneself [(korku,vb.`den) yerlerde sürünmek, dizlerine kapanmak,ayaklarına kapanmak,yağ çekmek,kendini alçaltmak] / to praise someone a lot or behave with a lot of respect towards them because you think that they are important and will be able to help you in some way - used to show disapproval [= crawl]: grovel to: ""I had to really grovel to the bank manager to get a loan.""; ""I grovelled to my parents and promised I wouldn't do it again.""; ""If a police officer stops your car, be respectful to him, but don't grovel.""; ""The department is having to grovel for money again.""; ""There's nothing worse than seeing a man grovel just to keep his job."" / to move along the ground on your hands and knees: ""I saw him grovelling in the road for his hat.""; ""That dog grovels every time you shout."" // ""I have asked him twice already, but I think he wants me to grovel. (fawn, flatter, beg)""; ""In order to reach under bed to find the missing earring, she had to grovel on her belly like a snake. (crawl, creep)""; ""He sent me a groveling note of apology, but I wasn't sure if he was truly contrite. (fawning, begging) adjective""; ""My sister began crying and groveling on her hands and knees, begging my parents to let her take the car out for the night. (begging, crawling, pleading)"" --> Grovel comes from a late 19th century word, groof, which meant ""to face downward."" Think of someone crawling at the feet of someone in order to humbly ask for forgiveness. That is groveling in every definition of the word. / One who wants to ""grow well"" needs to grovel before his manager. / if you want to grow well in the academia, you need to show respect to your professors and grovel, stand on your knees before them"

squelch

"(v) Crush, squash; suppress or silence; walk through ooze or in wet shoes, making a smacking or sucking sound / to make a sucking sound by walking or moving in something soft and wet [şap şap diye yürüme]: ""My hair was dripping and my shoes squelched as I walked.""; ""It had been raining hard and my boots squelched as I walked across the park.""; squelch through/along/up: ""We squelched across the field.""; ""Ankle deep in mud, we squelched across the meadow.""; ""Melvin was squelching around in the yard outside the cowshed."" // to stop something from continuing to develop or spread [= squash]: ""Her creativity had been squelched.""; ""Barrett squelched rumors that the bank will change its name.""; ""Labor was pleased, the protests were squelched and Clinton won by a hefty margin.""; ""But the fact that the guy is wearing a Comedy Central shirt tends to squelch the impact."" --> the word is coming from the sound of walking through wet, mudy ground. / When you squelch something, you're putting an end to it. You can squelch an idea or a rebellion. This word has several meanings, but it's usually a verb for crushing things. A mean remark could squelch your self-confidence, and a powerful military could squelch an invading country. Squelching can also mean to make a squelch-like sucking sound or to slop, slosh, splash, and squish through the mud. There's also a type of electric circuit that cuts off when the signal is weak: that's a squelch circuit, which squelches the connection. / Very close to 'Squeeze' in both spelling and meaning."

parry

"(v) Deflect or avoid (esp. a blow or attack); skillfully evade (a question) / to defend yourself against someone who is attacking you by pushing their weapon or hand to one side [= deflect]: ""It is far easier to parry a direct blow than to stop it forcibly.""; ""He slashed across his body to parry the attack of the man on the left.""; ""The two then fenced at each other with their beaks, each parrying the other's thrust."" / to avoid answering a question that is difficult to answer or that someone does not want to answer: ""He parried all her questions about his work.""; ""Clinton repeatedly parried questions from reporters on his personal finances."" --> sounds like; ""Harry"" Potter can parry the curse from Voldemort.."

forestall

"(v) Delay, hinder, prevent by taking action beforehand / to prevent something from happening or prevent someone from doing something by doing something first / to take precautionary measures and prevent something from arising or to hinder someone from doing something / to hinder normal sales via various methods such as buying up goods or encouraging an increase in prices of merchandise // ""The National Guard was sent in, to forestall any trouble.""; ""But first, a brief general comment about space and time in order to forestall a possible misunderstanding.""; ""The company attempted to forestall a drop in the price of its stock by buying up a large quantify of its own shares. (prevent, avert)""; ""Some doctors believe that vitamin B may forestall memory loss in seniors. (ward off, avert)""; ""He was able to forestall other competitors from entering the market by making false claims that the competitors had a defective product. (prevent, preclude)""; ""John tried to forestall criticism of his product, by asking all his friends and family to buy it and give it rave reviews. (prevent, avert)"" --> Forestall is derived from the Middle English forestallen, ""to waylay and rob,"" from forestal, ""highway robbery, ambush."" This meaning would seem to pave the way for the shady practice of hindering normal market sales via unscrupulous methods. Specifically, to forestall is to slow down or hinder product sales by making the merchandise scarce or by falsely inflating prices. For a memory trick, note how forestall looks and sounds a lot like ""foresteal."" Forestall is similar to preempt, but more negative. For example, if you preempt your competitors from entering a market by entering it yourself, you have not done anything illegal or questionable. But if you pay off customers to prevent your competitors from entering a market, you forestall their efforts in a questionable way. Forestall can also be positive when used simply as a synonym for prevent or avert. / Fore means before. Stall means to stop. Hence Forestall == Before Stop. i.e to stop something before it happens."

jettison

"(v) Discard, cast off; throw items overboard in order to lighten a ship in an emergency / to get rid of something or decide not to do something any longer: ""The scheme was jettisoned when the government found it too costly.""; ""Berger jettisoned much of the original movie plot."" / to throw things away, especially from a moving plane or ship: ""One crew member accidentally jettisoned half of the plane's fuel."" // ""As ratings dropped, the TV station jettisoned educational broadcasts. (abandoned, eliminated)""; ""Seawater filled the ship so rapidly that the sailors began to frantically jettison unnecessary items. (unload, cast off)""; ""We had to jettison 10 slides from our presentation to meet the allotted 30 minute time limit. (discard, eliminate)""; ""We were forced to jettison some of our ideas when it became clear that our plans were too elaborate. (abandon, eliminate)"" --> Jettison is a sailing term that literally means ""throw off the ship."" Jettison is used figuratively to describe discarding anything unnecessary. In business, you can state ""intent to jettison plans"" to somewhat dramatically emphasize rejection of them. This is a way of saying ""toss out"" with emphasis. / jetti(jet plane)+son..so someone throwing away his SON out of JET PLANE to make it lighter. / jet ısındı fazla yük sebebiyle, yüklerin bir kısmını fırlatıp atmak, ağırlık boşaltmak lazım"

inveigle

"(v) Entice, lure; get something by flattery, cleverness, or offering incentives / inveigle somebody into something: to persuade someone to do what you want, especially in a dishonest way: ""She had inveigled me into taking messages to her lover.""; ""Their testimony confirmed the defendant's successful efforts to inveigle them into investing in the hedge fund."" --> inveigle= envy+girl - when you achieve to envy a girl (hanging out with another girl), then you can persuade her to do what you want."

fulminate

"(v) Explode, detonate; attack verbally in a vehement, thunderous way / to criticize someone or something angrily / to vehemently criticize or denounce; to explode loudly and violently [patlamak, ateş püskürmek, parlamak] // fulminate at/against/about: ""Mick was fulminating against the unfairness of it all.""; ""Every time we meet, I have to hear him fulminating about how bad our government is. (criticizing, berating, exploding)""; ""The CEO delivered a speech, fulminating against recent lapses in customer service. (denouncing, criticizing, berating)""; ""He's in a really bad mood, so I wouldn't approach him about that raise, unless you want him to fulminate. (rage, explode)""; ""The lightning was followed by a large roar of fulminating thunder. (exploding) adjective"" --> Fulminate is derived from the Medieval Latin word fulminare, ""to strike (of lightning.)"" Think of attacking, striking, or criticizing someone in a quick and powerful flash, like lightning. In the second use of fulminate, ""to explode loudly and violently"" think of thunder following lightning. Fulminate means ""to explode,"" either with sound or anger. For a memory trick, note how fulminate sounds like ""full men ate."" Now think of two men eating with their wives until they are completely full. The full men who ate now want to order more food and their wives fulminate (scold them loudly) for this and say, ""you will fulminate (explode) if you eat any more."""

opine

"(v) Express an opinion / to say what your opinion is about something: ""The headmistress opined that the trip would make a nice change.""; "" ""This project is great news for Tucson,"" opined the Mayor.""; ""Bill O'Riley asks his viewers to email him and opine about the latest news and political events. (express an opinion)""; ""Greg loves to opine about politics and will give his opinion to anyone willing to listen. (express an opinion)""; ""Don't sit there and opine about what you think I should do; it's my life and I can make my own decisions. (remark, comment)""; ""During the Sunday news shows, pundits opine about the latest news and political events. (express their opinion)"" --> Opine is derived from the Latin opinari, ""to have an opinion, suppose, think, judge."" Note: opine and opinion have the same root. To opine is to have an opinion and to speak out regarding your opinion."

upbraid

"(v) Find fault with, criticize or scold(azarlamak,paylamak) severely / to tell someone angrily that they have done something wrong: ""He is reported to have upbraided his commanders for including political content in briefings.""; ""I was in no mood to be upbraided about my stupidity.""; ""In private he bitterly upbraided Brown for seeking to stymie his program.""; ""There was no disputing the hard truth behind his words - someting for which she had already severely upbraided herself."" --> No, upbraid isn't what girls get done at a salon before prom. When you upbraid people, you scold them, tell them off and criticize them. (You could, however, upbraid your stylist after a bad haircut.) The word upbraid comes from the Old English word upbregdan, which literally means ""bring up quickly."" Although this word doesn't have anything to do with hair, upbraid and braid are, in fact, related. The original meaning of braid was ""to move quickly from side to side,"" which is what you do with your fingers when you're braiding someone's hair. When you upbraid someone, you're quickly bringing up different reasons why you're mad at them. / elders criticize severely if their girls UP their BRA"

delimit

"(v) Fix, mark, or define the boundaries of / to set or say exactly what the limits of something are: ""A rope or other objects can be put down to mark the boundary but garden borders, fences or anything clearly delimited will do.""; ""The Orthodox were the first to associate themselves with the movement, tho initially their participation was carefully delimited."""

inundate

"(v) Flood, cover with water, overwhelm / be inundated (with/by something): to receive so much of something that you cannot easily deal with it all [= swamp]: ""After the broadcast, we were inundated with requests for more information."" / to cover an area with a large amount of water [= flood]: ""The tidal wave inundated vast areas of cropland."" ; ""Floodwaters periodically inundate the lowlands of the state."" // ""To inundate the social workers with paperwork will leave little time for personal interaction. (deluge, swamp)""; ""After the press release for their new drug, the pharmaceutical company was inundated with questions from the public. (overwhelmed)""; ""When her friends heard about Jenna's big promotion, her office was inundated with congratulatory flowers. (flooded)""; ""I've been inundated with so many telemarketing calls recently, that I'm thinking of changing my phone number. (deluged, overwhelmed)"" --> past participle of inundare, from unda 'wave'; undate: dalga şeklinde / Inundate is derived from the Latin inundatus, from in- and unda, ""wave."" Think of in and under, as if flooded. In business, to be described as inundated often refers to being swamped or flooded with work. / I+NUN +DATE....I asked the NUNs for a DATE and i was FLOODED with letters from christian societies for violating the social norms."

gambol

"(v) Frolic(hoplayıp sıçrama, gülüp oynama); skip or leap playfully / to jump or run around in a lively active way [= frolic]: ""lambs gamboling in the fields""; ""Now, at seventeen, I could gambol in the forbidden delights of Elysium with no one tugging at my hand."" --> The guy who win a lot of money in gamble was jumpin around in a playfully way."

garner

"(v) Gather and store; amass, collect / to gather or collect; to earn or win / to take or collect something, especially information or support [? glean]: ""The party garnered 70 percent of the vote.""; ""But all the information garnered was kept.""; ""Nevertheless, there is some inspiration to be garnered from this book.""; ""The recording has also garnered plenty of juicy reviews.""; ""My superior work will surely garner praise. (win, earn)""; ""Before they left, she garnered all of the supplies they would need. (collected, gathered)""; ""Tech stocks garnered record investor money during the height of the economic boom. (earned, amassed)""; ""He garnered the respect of his co-workers by working hard and being helpful to others. (earned, obtained)"" --> Garner comes from the Latin word garnarium, which refers to a storing house for grain. This is where the gathering sense of garner originates. Use garner as a more sophisticated way of saying ""get."" Instead of ""we got a lot of success,"" say ""we garnered (collected) a lot of success."" --> Sounds like a gardener who gathers fruits and vegetables from his/her garden."

militate

"(v) Have a great effect, weigh heavily (often as militate against) / To have force or influence; bring about an effect or a change / militate against something: to prevent something or make it less likely to happen: ""Environmental factors militate against building the power station in this area.""; ""The chaste banality of his prose ... militates against the stories' becoming literature (Anthony Burgess).""; ""If anything, it is likely to militate against prisoners' rehabilitation.""; ""In the world we live in ... everything militates in favor of things that have not yet happened, of things that will never happen again.""; ""Lust's passion will be served; it demands, it militates, it tyrannizes."" --> militate against: aleyhine etkilemek;engel olmak / militate in favor of: lehine etkilemek / past participle of militare; ? MILITANT / bir şey için ya da bir şeye karşı militan olursun. bir şeye karşı militan olursan onun aleyhine çalışırsın, bir şey için militan olursan ise onun lehine çalışırsın."

insinuate

"(v) Hint, suggest slyly; introduce (an idea) into someone's mind in a subtle, artful way (üstü kapalı söylemek, ima etmek, kurnazca yakınlaşmak)/ to say something which seems to mean something unpleasant without saying it openly, especially suggesting that someone is being dishonest [= imply]: ""Are you insinuating that the money was stolen?""; ""What are you trying to insinuate?"" / to gradually gain someone's love, trust etc by pretending to be friendly and sincere: ""He managed to insinuate his way into her affections.""; insinuate yourself into something: ""He insinuated himself into Mehmet's confidence."" / to move yourself or a part of body into a place: ""a large cat insinuated itself through the gap"" // ""How dare he insinuate that women are not as smart as men! (imply, suggest)""; ""He insinuated himself into the job position by staying on the boss's good side. (wormed, injected)""; ""She tried to insinuate that it was my fault we lost the business, but our boss knew the truth. (allude, imply)""; ""I didn't know anyone at the party, so I insinuated myself into a group conversation, hoping to make some new friends. (injected, instilled)"" --> Insinuate is derived from the Latin insinuare, which means ""curve."" The underlying meaning is that of taking the indirect, roundabout way. Insinuate is often used to denote implying or suggesting something in an indirect way. You are not being ""straight"" and coming out and saying what you mean; you are insinuating (suggesting, implying) something, and it is usually something negative. / duvarda oturan kıza 'çaktımadan yakınlaşan' çocuk, kıza hoşlandığını 'ima eden' bakış atınca kız 'in! sinsi it, ne ima ediyorsun sen!' diyerek onu duvardan indirdi."

kindle

"(v) Ignite, cause to begin burning; incite, arouse, inflame / if you kindle a fire, or if it kindles, it starts to burn / to make someone feel interested, excited, hopeful etc: kindle something in somebody: ""A love of poetry was kindled in him by his mother.""; ""The petition was designed to kindle awareness about global warming. (awaken)""; ""They needed kindling in order to build a strong bonfire. (something to start a blaze) noun""; ""Two years after their divorce, Bob tried to rekindle his relationship with his ex-wife. (reignite, arouse)""; ""Traveling to the Galapagos islands as a teenager kindled my interest in become a marine biologist. (awakened, aroused)"" --> Kindle is derived from the Middle English kindelen, which means ""to cause"" or ""to give birth to."" In modern English kindle means ""to cause [or give birth to] a fire."" The meaning of causing or arousing emotion stemmed from this as well. Remember, kindling is small bits of wood that catch fire easily and are used to start a fire. You have probably heard the expression ""rekindle an old flame,"" which means to ""start up"" an old relationship again and usually a romantic relationship. / kindle sounds like CANDLE..which when lighted can cause something to catch fire."

dovetail

"(v) Join or fit together / to fit together perfectly or to make two plans, ideas etc fit together perfectly: ""My vacation plans dovetail nicely with Joyce's.""; ""That research could dovetail with gene-therapy efforts under way at Chiron.""; ""This is why a mix of different people has the potential to dovetail and become a cohesive team."" / to join two pieces of wood by means of dovetail joints (verb) // ""Our schedules dovetailed nicely at the conference, and we were able to meet for dinner. (came together, fit)""; ""This should work out quite well, as their findings dovetail nicely with ours. (fit, come together)""; ""We are trying to dovetail our plans with those of our new partner as much as possible (fit, harmonize)""; ""My experience as a CPA dovetailed nicely with my job as a financial analyst. (fit, harmonized)"" --> Dovetail is often used in business discussions as a more sophisticated way of saying ""fit together"" or ""come together in a harmonious or synergistic manner."" / dovetail is a type of joint and it looks like a dove tail. Hence two different parts fit perfectly with this joint, the word is used to desribe diverse situations come together and fit"

emaciate

"(v) Make abnormally thin, cause to physically waste away / emaciated (adj): extremely thin and weak from lack of food or illness: ""The prisoners were ill and emaciated.""; ""His emaciated body shivered uncontrollably.""; ""News came of the famine, and there were pictures of emaciated children on the TV.""; ""Towards the end of his life he looked emaciated, his cheeks hollow and his eyes sunken.""; ""Even though marathon runners are finely tuned athletes, my grandfather always says they look emaciated. (gaunt, haggard, thin)""; ""The famine may emaciate an entire tribe of people. (weaken, make thin) verb""; ""I read that runway models typically appear emaciated because they party too hard and eat too little. (thin, gaunt)""; ""The young girl's emaciated appearance concerned her family and friends, who feared that she may have an eating disorder. (wasted, gaunt, thin)"" --> The verb to emaciate means ""to make weak and very thin, especially through disease or starvation."" Emaciated is usually used to describe people or animals, not inanimate objects. / 'A mass she hated' so she emaciate, didn't eat anything and become extremely thin and weak."

ingratiate

"(v) Make an effort to gain favor with / to make an effort to please someone in order to gain favor / ingratiate yourself (with somebody): to try very hard to get someone's approval - used to show disapproval [(kendini)sevdirmek]: ""His policy is to ingratiate himself with anyone who might be useful to him.""; ""By making campaign promises, politicians hope to ingratiate themselves to the public. (charm, convince)""; ""He tried to ingratiate himself to his boss by working late every week. (gain favor, brown-nose)""; ""Her ingratiating smile helped her get into the best restaurants in town without a reservation. (charming, captivating) adjective""; ""I know that I'll be able to ingratiate myself with him and win that promotion. (get into good favor with)"" --> Ingratiate is derived from the Latin ingratiam, which means ""for the favor of."" Someone who is ingratiating him or her self is trying to gain the favor of someone else. It is most often used with ""to""--he is ingratiating himself to her. Ingratiate often carries a negative connotation, in that someone is only being nice in hopes of gaining something in return. The adjective ingratiating describes behavior intended to make people like you. Note: often the prefix ""in-"" is negative and means ""not"" (e.g. invalid = not valid). However, there are also instances like here, where ""in-"" is actually part of the original root word and denotes a stronger meaning. Gratiate and grace come from the same Latin root, which means ""favor,"" so ingratiate comes from a Latin phrase meaning ""into favor."" / i will reach 'in graduate' and make everyone favor me, like me."

sully

"(v) Make dirty, stain, tarnish, defile [kirletmek, lekelemek, gölge düşürmek] / to spoil or reduce the value of something that was perfect: ""And I must take care not to sully it, is that it?""; ""And when his human dignity was gone, his innocence sullied, he felt something sharp plunge into his chest.""; ""Instead, the general manager has sullied the whole outfit.""; ""Is it too pure to be sullied by the messiness of domestic life?""; ""But mostly, think upon how you might have sullied the team's good name by getting in the papers."" --> To sully is to attack someone's good name and to try to ruin his reputation. If you spread false rumors that there's chicken stock in the vegetarian entree at Joe's Diner, you would sully Joe's good reputation. Sully can also mean to tarnish or make spotty. It's easy to remember this meaning when you know that sully comes from the Middle French word souiller, meaning, ""make dirty."" For example, dripping chocolate sauce onto the table will sully your mother's new white tablecloth. Another meaning of sully is to corrupt or cast suspicion on. If an automaker recalls millions of vehicles due to safety problems, it doesn't exactly inspire confidence — in fact, it may sully their brand. / In avatar movie, Jack Sully spoil all the perfect relations made with Navi people by not telling them everything."

palliate

"(v) Make less serious or severe; relieve symptoms of an illness / to reduce the effects of illness, pain etc without curing them: ""Chosen carefully, the oils may not only palliate but also cure the condition.""; ""It is possible to palliate without cure.""; ""She works out everyday in order to palliate stress. (ease, lessen)""; ""The medical article addressed the many ways to palliate the symptoms of the disease until a cure could be found. (alleviate)""; ""She tried to palliate the pain she had caused her parents by sending an apology card. (abate, assuage)""; ""My mother tried to palliate the bleeding with a band-aid, until we could get to the hospital to have the cut stitched up. (diminish, conceal, ease)"" --> Palliate is derived from the Late Latin palliare, which means ""to cover with a cloak."" Palliate means ""to cover something (as with excuses) to make it seem less serious,"" like putting a band-aid on a huge wound. It can also refer to actually lessening the severity of something and making someone feel better. In the case of illness,, palliate does not mean that the patient is cured, but rather, made to feel better. / palliative(n): a medical treatment that will not cure an illness but will reduce the pain"

husband

"(v) Manage prudently, sparingly, or economically; conserve / to be very careful in the way you use your money, supplies etc and not waste any: ""Families have been husbanding their small reserves of food.""; ""And he should husband his capital accordingly."" --> husbands are to be very careful ,n the way of using money and supplies, they conserve."

dissemble

"(v) Mislead, conceal the truth, put on a false appearance of / to hide your true feelings, thoughts etc: ""He sometimes has to dissemble in order to prevail on crucial issues.""; ""I am a terrible liar and can rarely dissemble the truth. (hide, disguise, conceal)""; ""He was dissembling when he said he no longer cared for you. (pretending)""; ""There are some who believe the news media will generally dissemble an accurate presentation of the facts. (disguise, conceal)""; ""He tried to dissemble his motives for asking me to lunch, but I knew he wanted to get information out of me. (conceal, hide)"" --> Dissemble originates from Old French, formed from sembler, "to seem," and the negative dis-. Think, not making things as they seem. The related noun semblance means ""outward appearance."" If you dissemble something, you change it's appearance. Dissemble can be transitive or intransitive, meaning that it may or may not take an object in a sentence. / seems like ""dis assemble""(break) you broke the favourite pot of mom n den tried to ""conceal"" ur mistake, conceal the truth...or pretending"

pare

"(v) Peel or cut off the outer layer (such as peeling fruit with a knife), reduce or trim as if cutting off the outer parts / to cut off the outer layer of something, using a sharp knife: ""Pare the rind from the fruit.""; ""Pare one small apple and then dice it."" / to reduce the amount, number, or size of something as much as you can: ""The firm has not been able to pare costs fast enough to match competitors.""; ""The country's defences have been pared to the bone (=reduced as far as possible).""; ""The problem with the Journal is that we are a small society trying to pare costs to the minimum."" / pare something ? down: to reduce something, especially by making a lot of small reductions: ""The list was pared down for the final interviews.""; ""Even in its pared-down form, the contract was unacceptable."" --> parer 'to prepare, make neat', from Latin parare 'to prepare' / pre+pare - when you prepare a fruit for service, you peel off the outer layer, reduce the size of it as much as you can and then serve it. / when you go everywhere in PAIR, your wallet gets pared down everyday."

imbue

"(v) Permeate or saturate, as dye in a fabric; influence throughout / imbue somebody or something with something: to make someone or something have a quality, idea, or emotion very strongly: ""His philosophical writings are imbued with religious belief."" / to fill with a quality or saturate something, especially with dye or color: ""It will be an important challenge in future to imbue their work with dignity, self-esteem and value.""; ""The setting sun imbued the sky with orange and pink hues. (filled, saturated)""; ""Attending church may imbue the delinquents(suç işleyen) with a sense of tranquility(sükünet,huzur) and moral responsibility. (fill)""; ""His poetry is imbued with deep, spiritual feeling. (filled, infused)""; ""The Easter egg coloring tablet quickly imbued the vinegar with yellow. (dyed, permeated)"" --> Imbue can be used to mean ""fill"" or ""saturate."" either physically or metaphorically and usually refers to color or dyes. / from Latin imbuere 'to make wet, stain' / imbue i m b(l)ue (color of water)= so in cartoon when some 1 soaked you in water u become blue and u say I M Blue"

juxtapose

"(v) Place side by side (either physically or in a metaphorical way, such as to make a comparison) / to put things together, especially things that are not normally together, in order to compare them or to make something new: juxtapose something with something: ""a style of decor that juxtaposes antiques with modern furniture""; ""Saladino's bedroom juxtaposes antiques with modern furniture.""; ""The conflicts were so dissimilar that essay after essay is able to do no more than juxtapose events as opposed to compare them.""; ""It's clever to juxtapose the words of earthy truck drivers and erudite scientists on the same idea."" --> juxtapose..just next+position..so place something just next to something."

posit

"(v) Presume, suggest, put forward (an idea) / to suggest that a particular idea should be accepted as a fact: posit that: ""He posited that each planet moved in a perfect circle.""; ""He posited that radiation of the same kind as light could be produced directly by electricity.""; ""What I'm saying is, posit your conclusions as questions to the group.""; ""Participants record short videos in which they ask a question or posit their opinion about whatever is on their mind.""; ""Others posit that such fat could serve as reserves in times when food is scarce."" --> positus; ? POSITION / when you posit your idea, you take your position / proPOSE+IT, so you say your opinion, or propose it"

malinger

"(v) Pretend to be sick, esp. to get out of work, duties, etc. / to avoid work by pretending to be ill: ""He accused Frank of malingering.""; ""I'm sure he's not malingering. He looked awful when I saw him last night.""; ""The report claimed that women may be more likely to malinger than men.""; ""I was just malingering when I called in sick; really, I was at the beach. (slacking, faking illness)""; ""Senior ditch day is a tradition at many high schools, during which time graduating students opt to malinger rather than attend class, all on the same day. (loaf, dodge, feign illness)""; ""Anyone caught malingering in our office will be promptly(acilen,tez zamanda) let go. (slacking, ducking responsibility)""; ""I would love to malinger today in order to go skiing, but I have too much I need to get done. (dodge work, slack off)"" --> Malinger comes from the French word malingre, or ""sickly,"" even though in the English usage the word means ""to pretend to be ill"" rather to actually be so. Do NOT confuse this word with linger (loiter). Many people use the word malinger to suggest walking around slowly or loitering; this is incorrect. A person who ""skips out on"" work or other obligations by pretending to be ill is known as a malingerer. / malinger= malign+er - askerde erler malign hastalıkların taklidini yaparak işten kaçmaya çalışıyorlardı"

secrete

"(v) Produce and release a substance from a cell or gland of the body for a functional purpose / if a part of an animal or plant secretes a liquid substance, it produces it: ""The toad's skin secretes a deadly poison.""; ""It secretes a new, soft wrinkled skin beneath the shell.""; ""T3 and T4 are then secreted by the cells into the blood. 355.""; ""The urinary bladder in both sexes acts as a half way house or store for the urine secreted by the kidneys."" / to hide something (this is the verb form of secret): ""He showed me the coin briefly and then secreted it in some dark corner of his house.""; ""No one knew where the old woman had secreted her jewels.""; ""They had secreted $120 million in a Swiss bank account.""; ""The money had been secreted in a Swiss Bank account."""

engender

"(v) Produce, give rise to, cause to exist; procreate / to be the cause of a situation or feeling: ""Their financial success has engendered jealousy among their neighbors.""; ""The activists hope to engender change. (cause, bring about, generate)""; ""Technology has engendered fear among some and delight among others. (caused, bred, created)""; ""There is a fine line between maintaining discipline and engendering loyalty. (generating, breeding)""; ""She hopes to engender respect among her employees by treating them as equals. (incite, generate)"" --> Engender is derived from Latin ingenerare, which combines in- with generare ""create life."" The word genesis, ""creation,"" has the same origin. Think, creation or development of something. Engender is often used in business discourse as a more sophisticated way of saying ""create"" or ""bring about."" / When genders get together they cause, produce, and give rise to children."

propagate

"(v) Reproduce, spread, increase / to spread an idea, belief etc to many people: ""The group launched a website to propagate its ideas.""; ""The belief that the king was a living god was propagated early in the 18th century."" / to reproduce: ""Propagate your plants in fresh soil.""; ""Rasberries can be propagated in two different ways."" / to travel through the air (as in sound and light): ""Further, deep-water surface waves propagate with almost no frictional loss of energy."" // ""The new president tried to propagate his ideals throughout the company. (distribute, disseminate)""; ""The book had many useful techniques for propagating plants. (reproducing)""; ""The company specialized in the propagation of renewable energy. (dissemination) noun""; ""Tabloids make money by propagating rumors and information about celebrities. (disseminating, circulating)"" --> Propogate is derived from the Latin propagare, which means ""multiply plants, breed."" Propagate still means ""to multiply, to reproduce,"" but is no longer restricted to plants. Information can be propagated by being widely distributed, and therefore, also multiplied. The noun propagation refers to dissemination, or the spreading of something. Propaganda is coming from the same root which means information which is false or which emphasizes just one part of a situation, used by a government or political group to make people agree with them"

slake

"(v) Satisfy (esp. thirst), cool, or refresh; make less active / slake your thirst: to drink so that you are not thirsty any more / slake a desire/craving etc: to satisfy a desire etc. // ""Before continuing we slaked thirsts with warm water from our own bottles - we couldn't find any streams.""; ""Dessert selections at San Remo are modest but provide ample opportunity to slake that end-of-the-meal sweet craving.""; ""My thirst for knowledge had been slaked, surpassed by a hunger for cash.""; ""The trouble was that George had a needling propensity for deception that could not be slaked.""; ""We chewed salted sunflower seeds, and slaked our thirst.""; ""But if Olympic watchers have a thirst for a good scandal, this competition isn't juicy enough to slake it.""; ""By book's end, the seemingly relentless hardship paves the way for genuine, welcome relief, and yes, happiness — like the slaking of some terrible thirst."" --> When you slake something, such as a desire or a thirst, you satisfy it. A big glass of lemonade on a hot summer day will slake your thirst. The word slake traces back to the Old English word slacian, meaning to "become less eager." If you slake something, like thirst, you become less eager to drink. In other words, you are less thirsty. Like satisfy and quench, close relatives of slake in meaning, the word is used to indicate that a craving is made less intense by getting whatever it is that you crave. / after a long journey in a desert on a camel, you see a LAKE. you went there and ""Sip LAKE"" for ""quenching"" your thirst"

appropriate

"(v) Set aside or authorize (such as money) for a particular purpose; take for one's own use / to take something for yourself when you do not have the right to do this [= steal]: ""He is suspected of appropriating government funds.""; """" / to take something, especially money, to use for a particular purpose: appropriate something for something: ""Congress appropriated $5 million for International Woman's Year."" --> ayırmak, tahsis etmek, kendine mal etmek, çalmak / appropriate = a + property + iate.. i.e. to make it your own property .. by force if required.. And also when you are appropriating it your self you are ""allocating"" it to yourself."

molt

"(v) Shed or cast off, esp. to regularly shed skin, feathers, etc. (as a snake) / when a bird or animal moults, it loses feathers or hair so that new ones can grow: ""By August the male will have begun to moult and will become almost indistinguishable from the female.""; ""Periodically, they moult their thin transparent skins, changing shape as they do so.""; ""The young bird's baby feathers molted as its adult feathers grew in. (shed)""; ""The deer's winter fur molted in preparation for summer. (shed(tüy dökmek) )""; ""The covering on the moose's antlers periodically molts. (sheds)""; ""My dead skin was molting from being overexposed to the sun. (shedding)"" --> The word molt comes from the Latin word mutare, which means ""to change."" (This is also the origin or the word mutate.) Molt can also be a noun that refers to the act of shedding skin or feathers, as well as the material that is shed. / m + old ~ as you get old, your hair shed"

fawn

"(v) Show affection or try to please in the manner of a dog; try to win favor through flattery and submissive behavior / to praise someone and be friendly to them in an insincere way, because you want them to like you or give you something: fawn on/over: ""I refused to fawn over her or flatter her.""; ""Everyone crowded round, fawning at him and readily taking up his offer of free drinks.""; ""The Salomon salesmen fawn over the thrift(tutumlu) men."" --> a FAN tries to gain favor and benefit by showing affection and flattery"

declaim

"(v) Speak in an impassioned, pompous, or oratorical manner; give a formal speech / to speak loudly, sometimes with actions, so that people notice you: ""Birmingham is still declaimed as smoky, grimy, unpleasant and philistine.""; ""Liam sprang on to a table, raised a glass and began to declaim a speech.""; ""Ted was declaiming to a small hushed group.""; ""The article was declaimed to the Eastbourne team at breakfast."" --> it is like declaration, you declaim when giving a declamation, you speak in an pompous way, loudly and with actions."

stipulate

"(v) Specify; make an open demand, esp. as a condition of agreement [SYN specify, state, spell out, say, explain, define, designate, indicate, agree to, qualify, guarantee, promise] / to state how to do something in exact terms / to specify a necessary condition (of a contract or agreement) / to give a guarantee or promise / if an agreement, law, or rule stipulates something, it must be done [= state]: ""Laws stipulate the maximum interest rate that banks can charge.""; stipulate that: ""The regulations stipulate that everything has to comply to the relevant safety standards.""; ""The Constitution stipulated that a general election must be held within 120 days, i.e. no later than April 8, 1992.""; ""He will give his daughter the loan, but will stipulate as to how she can use it. (say, define, spell out)""; ""The new contract will stipulate the terms agreed on by the two parties. (state, specify, explain)""; ""The deceased millionaire's stipulated that most of his fortune should be given to charities. (stated, specified)""; ""The company stipulates that if the customer is not satisfied with the product, he or she can return it for a full refund. (guarantees, promises)"" --> To stipulate something means to demand that it be part of an agreement. So when you make a contract or deal, you can stipulate that a certain condition must be met. Anytime you draw up a legal agreement, you can stipulate a requirement that has to be met for that agreement to be complete. This stipulation might put some sort of limit on the agreement. For example, if you run a fencing company and offer a sale, you can stipulate that to get the sale price, the fence must be ordered by a certain date. Your customer, in turn, might stipulate that the work must be finished before the ground freezes. / stipulate sounds like state / "

glower

"(v) Stare in an angry, sullen way [ters ters bakmak, dik dik bakmak] / to look at someone in an angry way [= glare]: glower at: ""She glowered at him disapprovingly.""; ""He glowered at a taxi as it came to a noisy stop at the light.""; ""His cousin sat at the kitchen table, glowering."" --> when the girl glowers, give flowers / GLOWER :: Girl LOVER. Your Girl Lover is Always angry and looking at you in an angry way."

occlude

"(v) Stop up, close, shut in or shut off / to block or stop up a passage; to prevent the flow of something through a passage: ""My orthodontist said I would need to wear braces for two years in order to occlude my teeth. (properly align)""; ""My dad suffered a heart attack because of an occluded artery that was diminishing blood flow. (blocked, obstructed) adjective""; ""The tear duct in her eye was occluded and caused an infection. (blocked, obstructed) adjective""; ""We had a leak in our roof, and I hoped the roofer would be able to occlude it. (plug, block)"" --> Occlude comes from the Latin occludere, ""to close up."" When you occlude something, you prevent something else from getting in or through. Something that is occluded is obstructed. In dentistry, the word occlude means ""to properly align the teeth."" Think, filling in the gaps in your teeth."

prevaricate

"(v) Stray from the truth, mislead, lie / to try to hide the truth by not answering questions directly: "" 'I'm not sure,' he prevaricated.""; ""Judge Greene said Tate was prevaricating to avoid having to testify against his ex-boss.""; ""Even under oath, he continued to prevaricate about what exactly had happened. (lie, deceive, mislead)""; ""I knew that when I confronted her she would prevaricate about who started the rumor. (be ambiguous, be evasive, equivocate)""; ""The governor's attempt to prevaricate about his past mistakes may have cost him re-election. (be misleading, misrepresent the truth)""; ""He accused me of prevaricating even though I was being completely honest and candid. (misleading, equivocating, lying)"" --> Because the words sound similar, many people confuse prevaricate with procrastinate. Procrastinate means ""to put off doing something,"" while prevaricate means ""to deliberately avoid the truth or try to mislead someone."" Prevaricate comes from the Latin phrase praevaricari, which means ""to walk crookedly."" Think, ""avoiding being straight in order to confuse and mislead."" Prevaricate is synonymous with equivocate. To prevaricate is to avoid telling the truth by being ambiguous and misleading. Equivocate is the act of being unclear and misleading. For example: ""The journalist accused the politician of prevaricating when the politician began to equivocate instead of providing a straightforward and honest answer to the question."" Prevarication is the act of prevaricating. / Pre(before)+vary+cate -- before answering he give vary explanations so hide the truth"

hew

"(v) Strike, chop, or hack (as with an axe, sword. etc.); make or shape something (such as a statue) with a cutting tool / to cut something with a cutting tool: ""They hewed a huge cross from a tree."" --> akpliler mitinglerde bağırırken ""hew loooo"" diye bağırıp ağaçları kesmeyi destekliyor ""ağaçları kesin looo"" demek istiyorlardı."

recapitulate

"(v) Summarize, repeat in a concise way / to repeat the main points of something that has just been said [= recap]: ""And just to sketch in the background, could you recapitulate for us?""; ""This Republican coup recapitulated a pattern that had been in operation since the beginning of the 1990s.""; ""The growth of the human embryo recapitulated the history of animal life as revealed by the fossil record."""

balloon

"(v) Swell or puff out; increase rapidly / to suddenly become larger in amount [= explode]: ""The company's debt has ballooned in the past year."" / if someone balloons, they suddenly become fat: ""Paul ballooned after he got married."" / to get bigger and rounder: ""The sheet flapped and ballooned in the wind."" // ""Third, as spending on discretionary items increases, some markets will balloon faster than others""; ""Under an electron microscope, bugs balloon into terrifying yet beautiful spectacles."""

distend

"(v) Swell, expand, stretch, bloat / to swell or make something swell because of pressure from inside: ""Air is introduced into the stomach to distend it for easier visualisation.""; ""Their bellies will distend from starvation if there is no relief sent in the time of famine. (swell, enlarge)""; ""Frogs often distend their throats when they croak. (puff, balloon)""; ""When the hot air balloon distends with air, it will begin to rise. (expands, swells)""; ""You can't tell I'm pregnant just yet, but my belly will soon begin to distend. (swell, expand)"" --> Distend comes from the Latin distendere, which means ""to stretch apart."" It is often used to denote a person's stomach expanding or bloating. See also: the noun distention. / try to relate it with dis means distance and extend means to expand. / distend, also distention comes from that"

doff

"(v) Take off (such as clothes), put aside; remove one's hat as a gesture / to remove the hat you are wearing as a sign of respect: ""Lasorda doffed his cap and bowed""; ""Ace stood silently as the Doctor doffed his hat, and gave Mortimer a cheery smile.""; ""All the men doffed their hats at the funeral. (removed)""; ""Why don't you doff your jacket and come inside? (remove, take off)""; ""He doffed his hat as a show of respect. (removed, took off)""; ""It is proper to doff your hat when you go indoors. (remove, take off)"" --> Doff comes from the old way of saying ""take off,"" which was ""do off."" The word doff is not used too commonly in contemporary English, but it is tested on the GRE exam. / do off 'to take off' (8-17 centuries)"

supplant

"(v) Take the place of, displace, especially through sneaky tactics / to take the place of a person or thing so that they are no longer used, no longer in a position of power etc [= replace]: ""Barker was soon supplanted as party leader.""; ""Adams, an excellent new pitcher, may supplant Hayes as starting pitcher by the end of the year.""; ""General Salan was supplanted soon after the invasion by General Henri Navarre.""; ""Some would argue that New York has supplanted Paris as the center of new culture.""; ""She will supplant him as the new Vice President. (replace, unseat)""; ""He is worried that the coach will supplant him if he gets another injury. (replace, displace, remove)""; ""Touch-tone phones supplanted rotary ones a long time ago. (replaced)""; ""I feared that our family dog would feel supplanted when we got a new puppy, but luckily, they took to each other right away. (replaced, substituted)"" --> Supplant is derived from Old French supplanter, which means ""to overthrow."" Picture overthrowing or removing something, especially in an underhanded way. Supplant is a more sophisticated way of saying ""replace,"" but denotes replacing a person or thing with someone or something better or forcing the replacement subversively. / Kate was out sick for a month with mono, and when she came back to school, Jessie had supplanted her as the funny girl at the lunch table. Supplant means to take the place of. Being supplanted is something that often happens to ideas or ways of thinking. Encouraging children's freedom has supplanted old ideas about children being better seen than heard. After a shocking upset at Wimbledon, a new tennis player has supplanted the reigning champion. / Sounds like: sub + plant. i.e substitute + plant."

inculcate

"(v) Teach persistently, implant (an idea) in a person / to fix ideas, principles etc in someone's mind: ""I try to inculcate a sense of responsibility in my children.""; ""Not all schools manage to successfully inculcate a love of learning.""; ""I inculcated obedience into my dog through consistent, positive reinforcement. (instilled, ingrained)""; ""The country tried to inculcate a sense of patriotism in its citizens by having them recite pledges and display flags. (indoctrinate, impart)""; ""My ninth-grade teacher inculcated the importance of a good vocabulary by having weekly vocabulary tests. (drilled, ingrained)""; ""The young mother was determined to inculcate good manners onto her son. (impress, impart, instill)"" --> Inculcate is derived from the Latin inculcare, which means ""to stamp in."" To inculcate a doctrine onto another means you are ""stamping"" an idea into that person. / IN + CULCATE (calculate). IN school, teachers inculcate (teach) the students how to calculate."

rend

"(v) Tear violently, esp. to tear one's clothing or hair out of grief; pull apart, split, or tear away / to tear or break something violently into pieces // tear, split, or divide with force / to take something or somebody away using force / to pierce with a loud scream or shriek / to cause distress to somebody: ""The tornado is likely to rend apart everything in its path. (rip, sever)""; ""The senator's extreme left-wing advisor may prove to rend the voters who want a more moderate approach. (separate, split)""; ""A woman's scream rent the air, and we all ran over to see what had happened. (pierced)""; ""When she found out that her husband was cheating on her, Daisy rent his clothes from the closet and threw them out the window in anger. (pulled, tore)"" --> [yırtmak, yarmak, koparmak, bölmek, parçalamak] The past tense of rend is rent. Rend is a word that connotes violence and power in the way that things are torn or split apart. / The verb rend means to tear with force or violence. If you are sewing a shirt and haven't been paying attention, to fix it you will rend your shirt from collar to hem. The past tense of the verb is rent. Your shirt was rent from collar to hem. / Tear, rip, and rend are all synonyms for each other, but it's a question of degree. Of the three, rend implies the most violent separation. You can also use rend figuratively to express great emotional distress. If you're betrayed by a friend, it rends your heart right out of your chest. The word can also be used figuratively to mean like a forceful tear. On the roller coaster, your scream rends the air as you go upside down and barrel around turns. / rendelemek: parçalamak, bölmek - rendelemek kökü 'rend'"

dilate

"(v) To become wider or make wider, cause to expand; to speak or write at length, elaborate upon / if a hollow part of your body dilates or if something dilates it, it becomes wider [? contract]: ""The doctor put drops in my eyes to dilate my pupils."" / dilate on/upon something: to speak or write a lot about something: ""He dilated upon their heroism.""; in speech or writing, to add details to clarify the meaning or expound on something at length // ""When a bright light shines directly into the eyes, the pupils contract; when it is dark in the room, they dilate in order to take in more light. (expand)""; ""In order to perform the operation, the doctor will have to dilate your blood vessels. (enlarge, expand)""; ""Let me dilate upon this point so you truly understand my meaning. (expound, elaborate); ""He likes to dilate upon how he would fix our political system if he were in office. (expatiate, expound)"" --> Dilate comes from the Latin word latus, ""wide."" It means ""to make something wider,"" whether actively (to dilate something) or passively (something dilates). You have probably seen or heard of someone getting his or her eyes dilated. This is when the pupil is dramatically enlarged by an eye doctor in order to examine the eyes. When dilate is used to mean ""to expand or elaborate"" on a subject, it is often followed by the word ""upon."""

bifurcate

"(v) To fork into two branches or divide into two halves; if a road, river etc bifurcates, it divides into two separate parts: ""Typically, courts bifurcate patent cases into liability and damage trials.""; ""We conclude that the failure to bifurcate reaches the level of fundamental error."""

redound

"(v) To have a good or bad effect, esp. as a result of a person's efforts or actions (usually used with to, on, or upon) / redound to somebody's credit/honour etc: to improve people's opinion of someone / To have an effect or consequence: ""deeds that redound to one's discredit."" / To return; recoil: ""covered her with a ridicule that would redound upon their son"" // ""In many cases, the benefits of these policies do not redound to low-income groups, but go to relatively well-off groups instead.""; ""Investors, at least, were willing to bet that the circumstances would redound to the benefit of well-connected banks.""; ""Bradford L. Seamon, Prince George's County's chief administrative officer, said the Detroit crisis could even redound to the benefit of more financially sound jurisdictions.""; ""Similarly, higher land prices could redound to higher home values, which might offset losses on financial assets.""; ""Any delay in extending the tax cut "redounds to the benefit of the Republicans who want this economy to stumble," Hoyer said.""; ""The scientific progress thus made will always redound largely to their credit in the story of the intellectual development of modern Europe.""; ""They neither redound to the honour of Christianity, nor effect the slightest benefit to morality."" --> (to ile) katkıda bulunmak; on/upon -i etkilemek; -e yansımak / if something is redone-d it will have an effect or consequence"

inure

"(v) Toughen up; accustom or habituate to pain, hardship, etc. / to become used to something unpleasant by repeated experiences with it; to become effective or come into use or operation / inure somebody to something: to make someone become used to something unpleasant, so that they are no longer upset by it: ""Nurses soon become inured to the sight of suffering."" // ""People on reality shows must eventually become inured to the lack of privacy. (accustomed, conditioned)""; ""After spending weeks in the desert, he was inured to the heat. (acclimated, adapted)""; ""At first I thought I was going to become claustrophobic, but eventually I became inured to the cramped(sıkışık,dar) cubicle at my new job. (habituated, accustomed)""; ""I became inured to her criticism, and after a while, I almost stopped hearing it. (adapted, accustomed)"" --> Inure is derived from the Anglo-Norman eneurer, which means, ""to accustom by use."" To be inured to something means you have become accustomed to it by experiencing it often. Note: inure usually refers to becoming used to something difficult or unpleasant. Inure is a more sophisticated way of saying ""getting used to or accustomed to."" It can also be used to refer to something which has become useful or has just come into operation, as in: ""My access to my trust fund won't inure until my twenty-fifth birthday."" / the people have become so inured that they smile even if they get in(j)ured :) / inure sounds like inert. when you accustomed to something bad, you become inert to it."

peddle

"(v) Travel around while selling; sell illegally; give out or disseminate / to sell goods to people, especially goods that people disapprove of because they are illegal, harmful, or of not very high quality [? push, deal]: ""They were accused of peddling drugs.""; ""people who peddle cigarettes to young children""; ""Melendez's gang made up to $10 million a month peddling heroin.""; ""Stricter punishments will be given to those convicted of peddling drugs to children."" / to try to sell things to people, especially by going from place to place: ""Farmers come to Seoul to peddle rice.""; ""a door-to-door salesman peddling his wares (=selling his goods)""; ""Belloni started her bakery business by peddling her homemade bread to local stores.""; ""Street vendors peddled flowers and candles."" / to try to persuade people to accept an opinion or idea which is wrong or false: ""politicians peddling instant solutions to long-standing problems""; ""Councilman Cobb is peddling his idea for a new freeway."" --> Peddle ~ try to thnik of cycle paddle,a person paddles his cycle to move around streets and sell his goods, and also sell his ideas by talking."

cosset

"(v) Treat as a pet, pamper / to give someone as much care and attention as you can, especially too much: ""He cosseted her with flowers and champagne.""; ""No one in the family gets as much cosseting as that cat!""; ""It is designed to cosset its crew.""; ""The media say that 120,000 people in Moscow cook, clean, drive for and otherwise cosset the bureaucracies."" --> babamı pohpohlamak için bir köşe et, ve onu oraya oturt."

lionize

"(v) Treat like a celebrity / to treat someone as being very important or famous: ""The ballet dancer is lionized in Russia, but goes unnoticed in the U.S. (treated like a celebrity)""; ""If you are a VIP in Las Vegas, the casinos will lionize you with free suites and easy access to all of the best clubs. (treat like a celebrity, honor)""; ""Fallen celebrities have a difficult time going from being lionized by everyone to going unnoticed. (treated like a VIP, put on a pedestal)""; ""Washington insiders say that members of Congress become addicted to being lionized and feeling powerful. (treated as a celebrity, put on a pedestal)"" --> Note the root word ""lion"" in lionize. As the lion is ""king of the jungle,"" think of the verb lionize as treating someone as if he or she is ""king."" This is a more sophisticated--and somewhat high-brow--way of referring to the behavior which accompanies ""celebrity worship."""

flout

"(v) Treat with disdain, contempt, or scorn (usually of rules) / to show contempt or disregard for a law or convention by openly disobeying or defying it / to deliberately disobey a law, rule etc, without trying to hide what you are doing: ""Some companies flout the rules and employ children as young as seven.""; deliberately/openly flout something: ""The union had openly flouted the law.""; ""Many bar owners flout the laws on under-age drinking.""; ""Thousands of people are killed on our roads every year, yet a majority of us insist on flouting speed limits.""; ""Too many people regularly flout traffic laws.""; ""He flouted the company dress code by wearing jeans and a torn t-shirt. (spurned, derided)""; ""At great personal risk, the brave reporters and librarians plan to flout the dictator's censorship laws. (affront, defy)""; ""Burning the flag was a way for him to flout the law and protest against the war. (mock, ridicule)""; ""Showing up 15 minutes late was his way of flouting the manager who called the after-hour meeting. (mocking, affronting)"" --> The origin of flout is uncertain--it may have come from an earlier word meaning ""to play the flute,"" perhaps in mockery. To flout convention is to intentionally avoid what society adheres to. If you flout the rules, you are showing a flagrant disregard for them. Note: Do NOT confuse flout with flaunt. Flaunt means ""to display ostentatiously."" Flout means to ""disobey openly and scornfully"" or ""show contempt and disdain for."" / FOUL + OUT. When player delibrately disobey the rule and made a foul, referee sent him out. The player shows his contempt and scorn to the referee."

hoodwink

"(v) Trick, deceive / to trick someone in a clever way so that you can get an advantage for yourself: ""don't be hoodwinked into thinking that gifts and other offerings are the way to bring lasting happiness.""; ""Does anyone else around here think we were hoodwinked on this deal?""; ""On board ship he invariably tried to hoodwink other people, even a cabin boy, into paying for his sherry."" --> hoodwink 'to cover the eyes with a hood' (16-19 centuries), from hood + wink(göz kırpma) / you WINK under the HOOD of your jacket. To deceive, trick the girl so you can get an advantage"

ruminate

"(v) Turn over in the mind, reflect on; chew cud (as a cow) [SYN: mull, brainstorm, contemplate, consider, ponder, reflect, muse] / to think carefully and deeply about something: ruminate on/over: ""He sat alone, ruminating on the injustice of the world.""; ""She could surely be real sweet when she tried, he ruminated.""; ""There never was a time when I had not ruminated on these questions."" / if animals such as cows ruminate, they bring food back into their mouths from their stomachs and chew it again // ""Don't ruminate too much over it or you'll never make a decision. (mull, reflect)""; ""She spent the last year ruminating over which college to attend after graduation. (contemplating, considering)""; ""The President ruminated over what course of action to take. (pondered, mulled)""; ""The cows grazed on the hillside and ruminated their food in a relaxed manner. (chewed)"" --> Ruminate has a second, lesser-used meaning of ""chewing cud"" (like a cow). It is this motion of going over something again and again that probably gave rise to the word's meaning of ""mulling something over."" Think of the expression: ""let me chew on this for a little while, and I'll give you a decision later."" This is the idea of ruminate. For a memory trick, note how ruminate sounds like ""room in which I ate."" Now, think of a room where you eat and think things through--it's the room in which you ate (ruminate) and ruminated (mulled things over) before you made your decision."

edify

"(v) Uplift, enlighten, instruct or improve in a spiritual or moral way / to improve someone's mind or character by teaching them something: ""The movie neither edifies nor entertains its viewers.""; ""The arts, in short, were pleasant and edifying if not quite essential.""; ""For our edification, the preacher reminded us what `duty' meant."" // edification: the improvement of understanding, especially through instruction or enlightenment: ""For my own edification, would you mind explaining this new technology further; I find it fascinating. (education, clarification)""; ""I read the software manual from cover-to-cover for no reason other than my own edification. (instruction, education)""; ""I read books for pleasure rather than edification, but I find that I usually learn something from most everything I read. (education, learning)""; ""That class was easy and boring, not edifying at all. (educational, instructive, enlightening) adjective"" --> Notice how the words edification and education sound very similar. This is a good way to help remember the meaning of edification. Edification is often considered to mean ""spiritual enlightenment"" but is generally used when referring to any kind of education, clarification, or a better understanding of an issue. The verb edify means ""to improve one's mind, educate, or clarify."" The adjective edifying means ""educational or instructive."" See the related word didactic for additional analysis."

equivocate

"(v) Use unclear language to deceive or avoid committing to a position / to avoid giving a clear or direct answer to a question: ""Wilson continues to equivocate about what action he will take.""; ""He knew of course that Theo would equivocate.""; ""The courts continue to equivocate as to whether the traditional approach should be maintained."""

forage

"(v) Wander in search of; rummage, hunt, make a raid / to go around searching for food or other supplies: forage for: ""People are being forced to forage for food and fuel.""; ""In the summer, the goats forage freely (=in any place they want to go)."" / to search for something with your hands in a bag, drawer etc [= ferret around]: forage around/through/among etc: ""She foraged around in her purse and produced her ticket.""; ""Writers who need a good title have often foraged in Shakespeare or the Bible."" --> He has been going around and searching for food in the forest for ages."

attenuate

"(v) Weaken or thin out / to make something weaker or less: ""an attenuated form of the polio virus""; ""When chlorine is attenuated by other chemicals, it is not harmful to humans. (diluted)""; ""Everyone hopes the crisis will attenuate over time. (lessen, diminish)""; ""My family's art collection will never attenuate in worth; on the contrary, it will most likely increase in value over time. (lessen, diminish)""; ""Jody's grief over the loss of her mother attenuated over time, and eventually her sadness was replaced by happy memories. (diminished, lessened)"" --> In medicine, attenuate can mean ""to make a bacteria or virus weaker and less dangerous."" Sometimes, attenuated pathogens are used to make vaccines that protect against disease. It may also be useful to note that attenuate and tenuous both come ultimately from tenuis, ""weak."""

recant

"(v) Withdraw, retract, or disavow something one has previously said, esp. Formally / to say publicly that you no longer have a political or religious belief that you had before: ""After the Reformation, many Catholics recanted to avoid punishment.""; ""During the Moscow Show Trials in the 1930s, prisoners were forced to publicly recant.""; ""Galileo was forced to recant his belief in the Copernican theory.""; ""Nothing could make him recant his love for her. (deny, renounce)""; ""When Martin Luther espoused views that opposed the traditional beliefs of the Catholic Church, religious leaders asked him to recant. (retract his views, withdraw his claims)""; ""I'd like to recant that statement; I really didn't mean it the way it sounded. (retract, withdraw)""; ""The newspaper was forced to recant a published article when it found that many of the sources had been falsified. (retract)"" --> When someone recants (rejects a previously held belief), it is often done in public and is often a result of outside pressure or disapproval. A usage note: recant does not always take an object; in such cases, the implied object is the actor's views, beliefs, or previous statements: ""After years of silence, he publicly recanted."" / he always disavows his statements. and he said once (re)again+can't do this. he said he recan't do this. he recanted"

dither

"(v, n) Act indecisively; a state of fear or trembling excitement / to keep being unable to make a final decision about something: ""He accused the government of dithering over the deal.""; ""Stop dithering, girl, and get on with it!""; ""Marcia was still upstairs, dithering over what she should pack.""; ""Stop dithering and make up your mind."" (verb) / a state of indecisiveness, agitation, and excitement (noun) // ""The girl was in a dither about what to wear to the big dance. (frenzy, indecisiveness) noun""; ""I wish the bosses would not dither and just decide whether or not we are going to receive bonuses this year. (waver, vacillate) verb""; ""Appearing flustered, she admitted to being in a dither about whether to go through with the blind date. (worry, frenzy) noun""; ""We don't have time to sit here and dither; it's time to take action. (waver, worry) verb"" --> The word dither usually has a critical connotation to denote the action of someone who is nervously wavering back and forth and can't make up his or her mind. It is similar to vacillate, which also means ""to waver,"" but if you dither, you waver in a nervous manner. When it serves as a noun, dither is most often used in the formulation: ""to be in a dither about"" something."

demur

"(v, n) Show reluctance or object, especially for moral reasons; to express doubt about or opposition to a plan or suggestion: ""They demurred politely, but finally agreed to stay.""; ""When I continued to demur, he promised to prescribe only five pills, one for each of the next five nights."" (verb) /// disagreement or disapproval: ""I agreed to this without demur.""; ""Did the working class accept their circumstances without demur?""; """" (noun) /// ""Even though the vote was almost unanimous, Sean felt he should demur in the interest of taking more time to study the matter. (pause, hesitate) verb""; ""Anne and Sheila wanted to see the movie 'Titanic,' but Joe and Bob demurred, saying they would rather see 'Attack of the Slime Creature.' (disagreed, objected) verb""; ""The prosecution demurred when the defense attorney wanted to call a witness who was not previously mentioned. (objected) verb""; ""There was demur in her eyes even though she stated her agreement. (hesitation, disagreement) noun"" --> Demur comes from the Latin word moreri, ""to linger."" It can mean ""to hesitate, pause, or express doubt"" when asked to make a decision. It can also mean ""to flat-out disagree with or object to"" someone else's decision. In law, it refers to a formal objection made in the court room. Do NOT confuse demur with the adjective demure with an ""e,"" which means ""shy."" / sounds a little like Damn U R wrong!! I object! "

precipitate

"(v; adj) Cause to happen suddenly or prematurely; fling, plunge, or hurl down // to make something serious happen suddenly or more quickly than was expected [= hasten]: ""The riot was precipitated when four black men were arrested.""; ""An attack on the country could precipitate a world war.""; ""Both countries claimed the same area, precipitating a border war.""; ""The 1929 stock market crash precipitated the collapse of the American banking system."" / precipitate somebody into something: to force someone or something into a particular state or condition: ""The drug treatment precipitated him into a depression."" (verb) // happening or done too quickly, and not thought about carefully [= hasty]: ""I have much sympathy with those who warn against precipitate novelty in the food industry."" --> when you centrifuge the sollution, solid particules precipitate suddenly and more quickly than expected"

mar

"(v; n) Damage, spoil, ruin / to make something less attractive or enjoyable [= spoil]: ""Their wedding was marred by the death of Jenny's mother a week earlier.""; ""A frown(kaşlarını çatmak,somurtmak) marred his handsome features.""; ""Electricity cables and oil pipelines mar many of the world's most beautiful landscapes.""; ""Outbreaks of fighting and lawlessness marred the New Year celebrations.""; ""The movie's premiere was marred by gang-related violence.""; ""The race was marred by a horrific accident involving Niki Lauda.""; ""The table was marred by cigarette burns."" (verb) // a flaw or defect (noun) // ""The hills were badly marred after the fires. (damaged) adjective""; ""She didn't want anything to mar her special day, so she confirmed everything, again, a week before the event. (harm, detract from) verb""; ""To a perfectionist, even a small mistake can mar an entire enterprise. (ruin, spoil) verb""; ""Although the arguments in your essay were well thought out, the paper was marred by grammatical errors and spelling mistakes. (harmed, spoiled) verb"" --> Mar comes from the Old English word merran, ""to waste or spoil."" To mar something is to damage it in some way. The adjective form of mar is marred (which is also the past tense of the verb) and means ""damaged or injured."" / MARked the wall with paint and spoiled(damaged) it / if you MARk something you basically spoil it"

graft

"(v; n) Insert part of a plant into another plant, where it continues to grow; join living tissue (such as skin) to part of the body where it will continue to live and grow; attach as if by grafting: ""The technique involves grafting a very thin slice of bone onto the damaged knee."" / to add something very different to something, so that it becomes part of it: graft something onto something: ""New elements are being grafted onto our traditional form of government.""; ""It is a seventeenth century farmhouse with some Victorian additions grafted on.""; ""The political parade was grafted onto the Frontier Days celebration."" (verb) // the part so grafted (as in a graft of skin): ""Martha had to have several skin grafts."" / the act of acquiring money or other benefits through illegal means, esp. by abusing one's power: ""He promised to end graft in public life.""; ""A major investigation is underway to root out graft there, he said.""; ""Stevens was in court yesterday facing charges of graft and tax evasion."" (noun) --> graft= yama, nakletmek(doku), eşek gibi/sıkı çalışmak(away), rüşvet, graft off somebody(rüşvet vermek)"

nettle

"(v; n) Irritate, sting(batma, acı), or annoy / to annoy or irritate someone; to sting(sokmak,batırmak) / be nettled (by something): to be annoyed by what someone says or does: ""She was nettled by Holman's remark.""; ""The topic of a Midwestern identity has nettled writers for decades."" (verb) // a stinging plant with serrated leaves, or a plant resembling one that stings(ısırganotu) (noun) // ""If you are going to go on the hike, watch out for stinging nettle. (stinging plants) noun""; ""If you continue to nettle him about every little thing, he won't want to be around you. (annoy, irritate) verb""; ""Her sharp remarks nettled him. (stung) verb""; ""It was bad enough that I lost the argument, but his self-satisfied smile really nettled me. (irritated, vexed, exasperated) verb"" --> For a memory trick, think of the way the stinging nettle plant would sting and irritate your skin if you brushed up against it. This is how nettle also came to mean ""to irritate or bother."" Nettle is not to be confused with the word mettle, which refers to courage and determination, or meddle, which means to interfere with. / Nettle sounds like kettle. A Kettle boiling water makes a lot of noise and is therefore irriating and annoying. and you are boiling nettle plant in the kettle"

grandstand

"(v; n) Perform showily in an attempt to impress onlookers; To perform ostentatiously(gösterişli bir biçimde) so as to impress an audience. (verb) // a large structure that has many rows of seats where people sit and watch sports competitions, games, or races (noun)"

revamp

"(v; n) Renovate, redo, revise / to change something in order to improve it and make it seem more modern: ""Many older companies are revamping their image.""; ""ABC plans to revamp the show before next season.""; ""Distillers revamped tequila's image by packaging it in eye-catching bottles.""; ""The Pentagon subsequently revamped and greatly enlarged its team looking into the issue.""; ""The site was revamped two months ago and a new system was installed to enable Tesco to handle increased levels of traffic."" (verb) /// a restructuring, upgrade, etc. (noun) --> If you revamp something, you renovate or remake it. You'll have to revamp your vacation plans if the hotel where you were planning to stay has closed for repairs and renovations. The vamp of a shoe or boot is the front part that covers the top of the foot. If that part of your shoe needed repair or replacement, then you would have to revamp it. From this sense, we get the more common meaning of revamp — to restore or fix up. Your favorite hotel might be trying to revamp its image, to reinvent its reputation as a family resort. / VAMPires are immortal so they always renovate themselves. VAMPires reVAMP themselves to live eternally"

prattle

"(v; n) Talk in an idle, simple-minded, meaningless, or foolish way; chatter, babble / to talk continuously about silly and unimportant things: prattle away/on: ""What's Sarah prattling on about?"" (verb) // incessant, meaningless chatter (noun) // ""I couldn't take any more of the self-righteous prattle that he called an acceptance speech. (jabber, chatter) noun""; ""She couldn't escape the sound of her coworker's prattling on the phone. (chattering) verb""; ""After Bob has had a couple of drinks, he prattles incessantly about nothing. (rambles) verb""; ""Would you please quit your prattling and slow down when you talk to me, because I can't understand a word you're saying. (babbling) verb"" --> Think of the similar words babble, chatter, and jabber. Prattle is a childish kind of chatter. Picture a babbling child with a rattle, which rhymes with prattle, as a way to help you remember the word's meaning. / çocukça/saçma sapan konuşmak; zırvalamak / in the 'brothel', women 'talk in an idle foolish way'; while they chew big gums. So in a brothel, women prattle all the time"

lumber

"(v; n) Walk in a heavy or clumsy way, sometimes due to being weighed down / to move in a slow, awkward way: lumber up/towards/into/along etc: ""They lumbered along slowly.""; ""A blue bus lumbered past.""; ""With that, he stood and slowly lumbered his way down the patch."" / to give someone a job or responsibility that they do not want: get/be lumbered with something: ""A career was less easy once I was lumbered with a husband and children.""; ""Djindjic told a rally at Republic Square that Milosevic was trying to lumber the police with responsibility for failed government policy."" / to cut down trees in a large area and prepare them to be sold (verb) // pieces of wood used for building, that have been cut to specific lengths and widths [= timber]: ""Fast-growing forest trees could do more than increase the world's supply of lumber and pulp.""; ""I love these woods, even as we harvest lumber from them.""; ""Only a pile of broken concrete, loose bricks and splintered lumber remained."" / large objects that are no longer useful or wanted (noun) --> Lumberjack means person who cuts trees. Lumberjack cuts trees and move in a slow and awkward way."

vanguard

"Leading units at the front of an army; leaders in a trend or movement, people on the ""cutting edge""; the forefront of a trend or movement"

wanton

"Reckless, vicious, without regard for what is right; unjustifiable, deliberately done for no reason at all; sexually unrestrained or excessively luxurious"

vernal

"Relating to the spring; fresh, youthful"

wan

"Unnaturally pale, or showing some other indication of sickness, unhappiness, etc.; weak, lacking forcefulness"

variegated

"Varied in color, having multicolored patches or spots; diverse"

vex

"annoy or bother; puzzle or distress"

vicissitude

Changes or variations over time, esp. regular changes from one thing to another

winsome

Charming, engaging, esp. in a sweet and innocent way

voluble

Easily fluent in regards to speech

xenophobia

Fear or hatred of foreigners or that which is foreign

verisimilar

Having the appearance of truth, probable

viscid or viscous

Thick, adhesive, or covered in something sticky

via

Through, by means of, by way of (by a route that goes through or touches)

wizened

Withered, shriveled

rococo

"(adj) Very elaborate and ornate (in decorating or metaphorically, as in speech and writing); relating to a highly ornate style of art and architecture in 18th-century France [süslü püslü] / rococo buildings and furniture have a lot of curly decoration and were fashionable in Europe in the 18th century: ""His aim might unkindly be described as the creating of rococo tragedy with Aristotle's support.""; ""Until fairly recently, he didn't know the difference between English Rococo and French Rococo. (noun)""; ""Russian students are steeped in(suya batırılmış) the rococo vocabulary of Pushkin.""; ""The interior was not less rococo than the exterior, although remaining in a somewhat better state of preservation."" --> rocaille 'decorative work using stones', from roc 'rock' --> roco was really ornate person and he would make a lot of make up before mococo. roco would ornate before mococo"

dirge

"(n) A funeral or mourning song or poem / a slow sad song sung at a funeral; a song or piece of music that is too slow and boring // ""The party guests quickly became depressed when Bob got up to sing his latest dirge. (gloomy song, hymn)""; ""In Greece, the women of the family follow the coffin to the church in a slow procession, singing dirges and intoning chants of mourning. (hymns, requiems)""; ""In his will, he asked that there be no dirge played at his memorial, but cheerful dance music instead. (threnody, requiem)""; ""The music coming from my neighbor's house sounded like a dirge, and I wondered why he would listen to something so depressing. (lament, threnody, elegy)"" --> dirch sounds like church, a funeral song played in church is a dirch"

gestation

"(n) Pregnancy; the period from conception until birth of an animal or (metaphorically) of an idea or plan / the process by which a child or young animal develops inside its mother's body before birth, or the period of time when this happens [? pregnancy]: ""The gestation period of a horse is about 11 months."" / the process by which a new idea, piece of work etc is developed, or the period of time when this happens [= development]: in gestation: ""The report was a very long time in gestation.""; ""The gestation of the biotechnology industry has been rather short.""; ""Traditional design is a complex process of adaptation and assimilation in a perpetual act of gestation."" --> Latin gestationem (nominative gestatio) ""a carrying,"" noun of action from gestare ""bear, carry, gestate,"" frequentative of gerere (past participle gestus) ""to bear, carry, bring forth"""

insurrection

"(n) Rebellion or revolt against a government or similarly established authority [isyan, ayaklanma, başkaldırı, ihtilal] / an attempt by a large group of people within a country to take control using force and violence [= rebellion]: insurrection against: ""an armed insurrection against the party in power""; ""an outbreak of insurrection""; ""It was widely believed that the outlaws had been plotting an insurrection.""; ""The reign of civil disorder and terrorism culminated in (cul.. in: doruğuna yükselmek) armed insurrection.""; ""the ruthless suppression of slave insurrections""; ""If anything should jeopardise that freedom - an insurrection for instance - the Church, without hesitation, will condemn it."" --> place of situation is in Sur of Amed. So speaker say 'in sur action is going on, people of Amed start a rebellion against government, as always'... so in diyarbakır sur there is always an action of rebellion and revolt"

ridden

"(suffix) Dominated or burdened by [istilasına uğramış, akına uğramış]/ -ridden[in adjectives] very full of something unpleasant: ""mosquito-ridden swamps""; ""disease-ridden slums""; ""a violence-ridden demonstration""; ""guilt-ridden"" --> Past participle of ride"

phlegmatic

"(adj) Apathetic, sluggish, not easily excited or made emotional / calm and not easily excited or worried: ""The taxi driver, a phlegmatic man in middle age, showed no surprise at this request.""; ""Though normally phlegmatic, Jan was beginning to get alarmed.""; ""Her bright hair color would shock even the most phlegmatic person. (composed, aloof)""; ""Although secretly thrilled, he remained phlegmatic throughout the award ceremony. (stoic, calm)""; ""She wished her boyfriend would be a little more open and animated, and a little less phlegmatic. (passive, impersonal)""; ""She is the least phlegmatic person I know; she cries and laughs at the drop of a hat. (composed, stoic, unemotional)"" --> Phlegmatic is derived from the Greek phlegmatikos, which means ""having an abundance of phlegm."" Phlegm is saliva mixed with respiratory discharge, and it was believed to cause a person to be sluggish and unemotional. Therefore, phlegmatic has come to mean unemotional."

grating

"(adj) Irritating or unpleasant to one's feelings; harsh or discordant (of a noise); scraping / ""The machine began to spin faster and faster, with the grating(kulak tırmalayan) screech(kıcırtı,acı bağırış) of metal on metal.""; ""We could hear a group of tourists, talking in loud grating voices.""; ""It actually makes it difficult to focus on the content of the video, rather than the grating sound of her voice."""

palatial

"(adj) Suitable for or resembling a palace, magnificent / a palatial building etc is large and beautifully decorated: ""She lives in a palatial New York apartment.""; ""The hotel is known for its palatial elegance. (luxurious)""; ""The palatial, 130-room mansion is the most expensive home in the city. (grand, impressive)""; ""I don't need a palatial home in an exclusive neighborhood; a little beach cottage is enough to make me happy. (stately, imposing)""; ""The honeymoon suite was palatial and made the newlyweds feel truly pampered. (luxurious, plush, regal)"" --> For palatial, think of the related noun palace, a large, luxurious mansion, usually one occupied by royalty or aristrocracy. Palatial describes buildings that are grand and stately, like palaces. / saray gibi, görkemli"

somatic

"(ad) Of the body / affecting the body as opposed to the mind or spirit / relating to the wall of the body: ""The doctor thought my ailments were all in my head, but it turned out to be a somatic illness. (physical, bodily)""; ""His ongoing depression has manifested into several somatic symptoms. (corporeal, outward, bodily)""; ""Cancer is a somatic illness, not a mental one. (physical, bodily)""; ""The pain in my stomach is somatic; I'm not imagining it. (physical, or the body)"""

token

"(n) Sign, symbol, mark, badge; souvenir, memento; coin-like disk used as currency for subways, arcade games, etc.; sample, or person, thing, idea taken to represent an entire group / a round piece of metal that you use instead of money in some machines / something that represents a feeling, fact, event etc: a token of your gratitude/respect/appreciation etc: ""Please accept this gift as a small token of our appreciation.""; ""But I restrained the impulse, for it is as well to eke out such tokens of our goodwill as we possess.""; ""Sheaths were often lovingly carved and given as love tokens or dowry gifts."" / by the same token[aynı şekilde, bundan başka]: for the same reasons - used when you want to say that something else is also true, especially something very different or surprising: ""By the same token, big manufacturers are often shareholders in their chosen bank.""; ""By the same token, cinemas had no operators, and so few halls remained open.""; ""I realise that he hasn't come up with any new ideas, but by the same token we haven't needed any."" (noun) /// of very little or merely symbolic value [sembolik,yapmacık,göstermelik] / a token action, change etc is small and not very important, and is usually only done so that someone can pretend that they are dealing with a problem: ""The government thinks it can get away with token gestures on environmental issues."" / token woman/black etc: someone who is included in a group to make everyone think that the group has all types of people in it, when this is not really true: ""We shouldn't accept the analysis of the token woman.""; ""You have to be both token woman and superwoman to come anywhere near a shortlist that disenfranchises most of the male population.""; ""Along the way, it effectively preempted the problem of needing to take on token individuals to comply with government mandates."" / done as a first sign that an agreement, promise etc will be kept and that more will be done later: ""A small token payment will keep the bank happy."" (adj) --> When you give someone a flower or a friendship bracelet or something symbolic of the way you feel about them, you're giving them a token of your affection. A token is not only something sentimental (like a keepsake) or symbolic (like your friendship bracelet). You, yourself, can also be a token: If you're the only female in your office, for instance, and you were hired just so there'd be at least one woman, then you're the ""token female."" Tokens can also be a kind of special currency, like the coins you use in slot machines. Before the Metro Card, New York City subway riders paid their fares with tokens. / token=sembol; sembolik - ""benim sana verdiğim boynundaki TAKIN, aşk 'sembolüdür'"

verdant

"Green, such as with vegetation, plants, grass, etc.; young and inexperienced"

virulent

"Extremely infectious, poisonous, etc.; hateful, bitterly hostile"

pellucid

"(adj) Transparent, translucent; clear, easy to understand / very clear [= transparent]: ""The sky beyond the window was a pale, pellucid blue, traversed by slow-moving clouds.""; ""For exact determination the pellucid markings in the leaves can be used."" --> pellucidus, from per 'through' + lucidus ( ? LUCID)"

grouse

"(v; n) Complain or grumble; to complain about something [= moan]: ""I haven't really got much to grouse about.""; "" ""Everything tastes the same,"" George groused.""; ""He nagged at Fritz, he groused about the dull food, he broke some plates against the wall."" (verb) // a complaint; a reason for complaint: ""His main grouse is that he isn't paid enough.""; (noun) --> spouse - complain a lot, always have a complaint / Perhaps from Old French grouchier; ? GROUCH: to complain in a slightly angry way SYN moan"

whitewash

"A substance used to whiten walls, wood, etc. (noun); deception, covering up of wrongs, errors, misdeeds, etc. (verb)"

welter

"Confused mass or pile, jumble; confusion or turmoil (noun); roll around, wallow, toss about, writhe (verb)"

vim

Pep, enthusiasm, vitality, lively spirit

winnow

Sift, analyze critically, separate the useful part from the worthless part

vitriol

Something highly caustic, such as criticism (literally, one of a number of chemicals including sulfuric acid)

whet

Stimulate, make keen or eager (esp. of an appetite)

doctrinaire

"(adj) Person who applies doctrine in an impractical or rigid and close-minded way (noun) / merely theoretical, impractical, or fanatical about other people accepting one's ideas; certain that your beliefs or opinions are correct and unwilling to change them: ""The party followed an increasingly doctrinaire course.""; ""Scalia is perhaps the most doctrinaire of the court's conservative judges."" (adj)"

monastic

"(adj) Relating to or resembling a monastery (where monks or nuns live), esp. by being quiet, secluded, contemplative, strict, and/or lacking luxuries: ""He led a rather monastic lifestyle.""; ""Roman Catholic monastic orders (=groups of monks)""; ""In some monastic traditions the Office is only one of a number of priorities.""; ""This beautiful monastic ruin is set in a deeply wooded valley by the River Rye.""; ""The monks are not inhospitable, but recognizing and acknowledging so many visitors would make a spiritual and monastic life impossible."""

plebian or plebeian

"(adj; n) Of the common people / relating to ordinary people and what they like, rather than to people from a high social class - used to show disapproval: ""The food selection - hot dogs and beer - was rather plebeian."" (adjective) // an insulting word for someone who is from a low social class: ""For thousands of years, the vehicle of choice for everyone from peasant and plebeian to patrician and prince was horse-drawn."" (noun) --> playboy magazine is of the common people anymore. it is related to ordinary people"

yoke

"A burden or something that oppresses; a frame for attaching animals (such as oxen) to each other and to a plow or other equipment to be pulled, or a bar across a person's shoulders to help carry buckets of water, etc. (noun); to unite together or to burden (verb)"

harrow*

"Farming tool that breaks up soil / a farming machine with sharp metal blades, used to break up the earth before planting crops (noun) // painfully disturb or distress(üzmek, acı vermek, yüreğini parçalamak) (verb) --> ""to drag a harrow over,"" especially in harrowing of Hell in Christian theology, early 14c., from hergian (see harry). In the figurative sense of ""to wound the feelings, distress greatly"" it is first attested c.1600 in Shakespeare."

goad

"(v; n) Urge on (as cattle) with a pointed or electrically charged stick; spur on, stimulate, encourage / to make someone do something by annoying or encouraging them until they do it [dürtmek, kışkırtmak] [? provoke]: goad somebody into (doing) something: ""Kathy goaded him into telling her what he had done.""; ""These moves goad households and businesses into spending more on goods and services.""; goad somebody on: ""They goaded him on with insults."" (verb) // something, usually a verbalization, used to get/force someone to do something [teşvik, dürten şey, değnek]: ""The offer of economic aid was a goad to political change.""; ""His calmness was a goad she hated him for.""; ""Meditation is the goad, the bit(atların ağzına takılan gem) and the whip(kırbaç) of the mind."" (noun) /// ""The group tried to goad Dale into singing karaoke by telling him he was a ""chicken"" if he didn't do it. (push, prod, bully) verb""; ""The President delivered several speeches intended to goad congress into enacting new legislation. (incite, prompt, motivate) verb""; ""I didn't want to be goaded into making a decision I wasn't comfortable with, so I decided to take some time to think about it. (pushed, coerced) verb""; ""The teacher used a prize, which would go to the person who scored the highest grade on the next exam, as a goad to encourage the children to study. (motivator, spur) noun"" --> The original meaning of goad was ""to prod an animal with a stick,"" and also referred to the stick itself. Think of goading goats and trying to get them to move along or do something. Today, the meaning has come to encompass any kind of prodding or prompting, but is used in a negative sense, a sense of pushing someone into doing something he or she doesn't really want to do. As a verb, goad should NOT be used to denote positive encouragement or support. As a noun, however, a goad can be a motivator, in a more positive sense. (see examples) / goad tells you to ""GO And Do [it]"""

bombastic

"(adj) (Of speech or writing) far too showy or dramatic than is appropriate; pretentious / bombastic language contains long words that sound important but have no real meaning: ""He is best known for three rather bombastic poems.""; ""The chairman was given to bombastic remarks and often embarrassed the other board members during presentations. (overblown, pompous)""; ""His bombastic comments often offend or annoy people. (ostentatious, pompous)""; ""The bombastic CEO caused another controversy with his outlandish comments. (pompous)""; ""His bombastic remarks often created controversy because people thought he was serious, when in fact, he was just being pompous and showy. (oratorical, pompous)"" --> It may help you to remember that bombastic means ""overblown"" by thinking of a ""bomb."" Someone who is bombastic is so full of himself, so pretentious, and so pompous that he or she is about to explode like a bomb. A bombastic person will explode with verbose, long-winded speech that is meant to impress, but usually falls flat for lack of substance. Bombastic should be reserved for people who are pretentious, pompous, ostentatious(gösterişli, şatafatlı), and verbose all wrapped into one. Bombastic is a special critique reserved for exceptionally egotistical people who are full of themselves and express it with their speech. See pretentious for additional analysis."

curmudgeon

"(adj) Bad-tempered, difficult person; grouch / someone who is often annoyed or angry, especially an old person: ""Professor Jones's assertion that words like ""email"" are incorrect English and should be eliminated from the language earned him a reputation as a curmudgeon. (grouch, crackpot)""; ""John is a bit of a curmudgeon; he doesn't like to try new things, and when forced to, he complains. (grump)""; ""The old curmudgeon yelled at children as they passed by his house. (grouch, jerk)""; ""My grandmother was a curmudgeon when it came to learning new things and stubbornly remained set in her ways. (grump, grouch)""; ""For about the hundredth time, I cursed whatever kleptomaniac curmudgeon had walked off the train with my bag.""; ""Sinclair, a curmudgeon of taste and integrity, defends the river against the shoddy plans of the Chamber of Commerce."" --> The origin of curmudgeon is unknown; it is thought to suggest the sound of grumbling. Curmudgeon is a good word to use to describe someone who is cranky, selfish, and unwilling to try new things. / think of a thick layer of mud on car, the owner is a bad-tempered old guy and he pisses off."

circumspect

"(adj) Cautious, prudent; careful to consider the circumstances and consequences / thinking carefully about something before doing it, in order to avoid risk [= cautious]: ""The governor was usually circumspect when dealing with the media.""; ""Investors should be very circumspect if the top executives of a public corporation suddenly begin selling large amounts of their company stock. (wary, watchful)""; ""They have good reason to be circumspect about moving forward with this project, as there are so many potential financial pitfalls. (cautious, guarded)""; ""I once lost a lot of money on a similar deal, so this time, I was more circumspect. (cautious, prudent)""; ""As a public speaker, she is very circumspect about being too opinionated in her presentations, since she never wants to offend anyone. (cautious, wary)"" --> Circumspect is derived from the Latin circumspicere, "to look around," from specere, "to look." Think of looking around (inspecting) suspiciously and carefully before making a decision or taking action. For a memory trick, note how circumspect sounds ""like search and inspect."" Before making a decision, a person who is circumspect will ""search and inspect"" carefully. Circumspect is synonymous with prudent and wary. See a detailed analysis at prudent and at wary."

antithetical

"(adj) Directly opposed, opposite; involving antithesis (the rhetorical act of placing two phrases opposite one another for contrast, as in love me or hate me) / exactly opposite to something: antithetical to: ""This violence is completely antithetical to the teaching of the church.""; ""We tend to be so bombarded with information, and we move so quickly, that there's a tendency to treat everything on the surface level and process things quickly. This is antithetical to the kind of openness and perception you have to have to be receptive to poetry. ... poetry seems to exist in a parallel universe outside daily life in America.""; ""Some people want to maximize the sum of human happiness which has nothing to do with inclusive fitness, it's almost antithetical.""; ""One participant pointed out the danger of dependence on external mechanisms that are directly antithetical to the goal of peace building."""

cloying

"(adj) Disgustingly or distastefully sweet / a cloying attitude or quality annoys you because it is too sweet or nice: ""cloying sentimentality"" / cloying food or smells are sweet and make you feel sick: ""the thick cloying smell of cheap perfume"" // ""Some people find dessert wine to be cloying. (saccharine, excessive, too sweet)""; ""The restaurant owner's cloying behavior with the guests was unnecessary because the food was so good, and there was no need to act overly sweet with them. (gushing, overly flattering)""; ""I find it cloying when people wear heavy perfume at the gym. (excessive)""; ""The way the intern followed me around the office and hung on every word I said became cloying. (excessive, gushing, overdone)"" --> Cloying generally describes anything that is far too sweet. Something originally pleasing may become cloying--too much of a good thing. Perfume, sweet food, even overly cute behavior and excessive flattery can all be cloying / remember CLOVE--excessive addition of clove in the food makes the food distasteful.. (cloy is the verb form) / cloying sounds very close to annoying"

beneficent

"(adj) Doing good / helping people, or resulting in something good: ""the beneficent properties of natural remedies""; ""He will be on again soon to talk about those usually beneficent bacteria.""; ""Our health costs, driven by this alleged(sözde) beneficent science, too often causes more harm than good.""; ""t provides funds for programs likely to produce beneficent change on a large scale."""

complaisant

"(adj) Eager to please; cheerfully complying / Exhibiting a desire or willingness to please; cheerfully obliging: ""I was careful to not take advantage of his gentle and complaisant nature. (obliging, compliant)""; ""My boss knows I have a tendency to be complaisant, so she usually gives me extra work because she knows I won't say ""no."" (accommodating, obliging)""; ""I appreciated his complaisance with my plans, since they didn't really fit with what he wanted to do. (willingness to oblige) noun""; ""I was surprised that Jim was so complaisant, because he usually isn't willing to be accommodating. (obliging, amiable)"" --> Complaisant is not to be confused with the similar word complacent, which can also mean ""eager to please,"" but is more commonly used to denote contentment and self-satisfaction. When you are complaisant, you are willing to oblige the wishes of others. The noun complaisance refers to a willingness to be polite and obliging to other people. If you are complaisant, you tend to put other people's wishes above your own."

aseptic

"(adj) Free from germs / a wound that is aseptic is completely clean without any harmful bacteria: ""I know my dentist's tools are completely aseptic because after they are sterilized, they are sealed in protective packaging until ready for use. (sterile, sanitary)""; ""An aseptic environment will prevent the growth of harmful bacteria. (sanitary)""; ""Doctors autoclave their operating tools so that they will be aseptic. (sterile)""; ""After summoning help, first aid may be given by applying pressure to the wound with an aseptic bandage. (sterile)"" --> Aseptic is derived from the Greek sepein, ""to make rotten."" Think of the word septic and a septic tank--the tank that holds all the waste from your toilet. The ""a"" creates the opposite meaning: clean."

apposite

"(adj) Highly appropriate, suitable, or relevant / suitable to what is happening or being discussed [= appropriate; ? inappropriate]: apposite to: ""His observations are, indeed, apposite to the present discussion.""; ""Since her research was apposite to the topic of the conference, the committee accepted her paper. (relevant, germane:konuyla ilgili,bağlı)""; ""Child development is an apposite subject to a discussion of education. (apropos, germane)""; ""The journalist is highly adept at using apposite metaphors to illustrate his editorials. (germane, relevant)""; ""The work she did was hardly apposite to the project and resulted in a lot of wasted time. (relevant)"" --> Apposite is generally a stronger word than appropriate. Something apposite is particularly appropriate, timely, or fitting for the situation. It is similar to relevant, pertinent, and germane. See relevant for additional analysis. / appropriate site / apposite = a (not) + opposite ; hence not opposite = appropriate."

attuned

"(adj) In harmony; in sympathetic relationship / be/become attuned to something: to be or become familiar with the way someone thinks or behaves so that you can react to them in a suitable way: ""British companies still aren't really attuned to the needs of the Japanese market.""; ""However what was missing was the fact that bees are highly attuned to the earths electromagnetic signature and use it to navigate.""; ""But in a system excruciatingly attuned to political symbolism, that seems implausible.""; ""Over time, civil servants are becoming more open-minded, and developers more attuned to the needs of government.""; ""Once you are attuned to street art-its hidden codes and unexpected placements-you start habitually looking for it.""; ""On the contrary, he was exquisitely attuned to the feelings and emotions of others."" --> from tune (v.), attune(v):To bring into a harmonious or responsive relationship"

blithe

"(adj) Joyous, merry; excessively carefree (so as to ignore more important concerns) / seeming not to care or worry about the effects of what you do: ""a blithe disregard for the facts"" / happy and having no worries: // ""He seems blithely unaware of how much anger he's caused.""; ""Somehow, no matter how many obstacles she faces, she maintains a blithe and bubbly attitude. (happy, cheerful)""; ""Although Henry is a brilliant scholar, his blithe disregard of tradition and etiquette has caused him to get into trouble from time to time. (casual, unconcerned)""; ""The single father's blithe attitude toward the care and raising of his children makes me wonder whether they wouldn't be better off under the care of their aunt and uncle. (casual, unconcerned, off-hand)""; ""Even when I'm in a bad mood, her blithe attitude toward life always cheers me up. (happy, carefree, cheerful)"" --> When used in its first sense of ""happy and cheerful,"" blithe can be complimentary. However, sometimes its second meaning, ""carefree,"" can border on ""careless,"" which makes the word less positive. / Blithe== Be-light- Hearted. means care free "

diffident

"(adj) Lacking confidence, shy / shy and not wanting to make people notice you or talk about you: ""He was diffident about his own success.""; ""Kate didn't know anyone at the party, so she was diffident whenever someone approached her to chat. (reserved, bashful)""; ""Outward diffidence may sometimes be mistaken for snobbishness, but the two qualities have nothing in common. (reserve, restraint) noun""; ""Her intelligence was masked by her diffident behavior, which often made people think that she was dumb or didn't have anything to say. (unassertive, insecure)""; ""Although he had volunteered to give the toast, on the day of the ceremony he became diffident and fearful of getting up in front of a crowd. (hesitant, insecure)"" --> Diffident comes from the Latin word fidere, ""to trust,"" with the addition of the ""dis-"" prefix, which makes its meaning negative. A diffident person is distrustful of something, usually of making a mistake in a social situation, or seems distrustful. The noun diffidence refers to hesitation or reluctance. For a memory trick, think, diffident is different/opposite of confident. The Latin prefix con means ""with,"" so confident means ""with trust,"" while diffident means ""without trust."""

desultory

"(adj) Lacking consistency or order, disconnected, sporadic; going off topic / done without any particular plan or purpose: ""They talked briefly in a desultory manner.""; ""All of his ideas were desultory and couldn't possibly form one, cohesive campaign. (random, disconnected)""; ""What started out as a formal business discussion, ended with a desultory conversation characteristic of a cocktail party. (purposeless, random)""; ""She had a hard time focusing on the task at hand due to the desultory thoughts running through her mind. (aimless, disconnected)""; ""Without a planned agenda, the family's road trip vacation had them stopping in desultory locations all across the country. (random, unplanned)"" --> Desultory is derived from the Latin desultorius, which literally refers to a circus rider who leaps from horse to horse. Think of leaping from plan to plan or idea to idea, without any plan or purpose. For a memory trick, note how desultory sounds like ""this dull story."" Now, imagine one of your friends is telling a story in a desultory manner, jumping from one part to the next without any method or sequence to the story. After going on for awhile he admits, ""This is a dull story,"" and you respond, ""It would not have been a dull story if you weren't so desultory in your delivery."""

diaphanous

"(adj) Very sheer, fine, translucent / diaphanous cloth is so thin that you can almost see through it; insubstantial or fragile due to being extremely faint or slight: ""The butterfly's diaphanous wings fluttered weakly in the wind. (fragile, delicate)""; ""The dancers wore diaphanous costumes that seemed to float like clouds around their bodies. (gauzy(tül gibi), transparent)""; ""She wore a diaphanous gown made of chiffon, but didn't realize just how transparent it was. (sheer, thin)""; ""The bride wore a diaphanous veil through which her groom could see her beautiful smile. (transparent, delicate, sheer)"" --> Diaphanous comes from the Greek word diaphainein, ""to show through."" It is most often used to describe fabrics that are gauzy and transparent. / Think of the clear cellophane plastic wrap, which is clear. PHANE, meaning clear, is the same root that is found in diaphanous. / dia- circular phan - fan When fan circulates it is transparent (i.e) we can see tru the wings of the fan"

assiduous

"(adj) Persevering, diligent, constant / very careful to make sure that something is done properly or completely [= meticulous]: assiduous in: ""He was assiduous in his attendance at church.""; ""Even young children worked assiduously for a reward."" // ""She receives straight A's, not because she is a genius, but because she is an assiduous student who never wavers from her commitment to excel. (diligent, hard-working)""; ""His assiduous devotion to the project resulted in a quick turnaround with virtually no errors. (conscientious, industrious)""; ""The market was so complex that even assiduous investors had a hard time determining in which companies to invest. (conscientious, attentive)""; ""I remember Dave as an assiduous student who always came to class well-prepared. (diligent, hard-working)"" --> Assiduous originated from the Latin word assidere, which essentially means ""to sit in one place"" or ""to apply oneself."" Someone who is assiduous is not easily distracted or deterred from the task at hand and can be focused until the job at hand is done. When learning assiduous, think of sitting on your ""ass"" and working in an efficient and focused manner until you are done. An assiduous student would sit on his ""ass"" doing homework until he was finished with it. An assiduous investor would sit and read through all of the investment information before she made an investment. Think of the assiduous reader, worker, student, planner, and anyone else who sits and works diligently to get a job done. Note: although the etymology of assiduous clearly points to sitting, you don't have to be sitting to be assiduous; you just need to work hard and efficiently, with attention to detail. / assiduous+ass+in+the+dust.a donkey working hard in the dust.meaning hard working or industrious or diligent"

bucolic

"(adj) Pertaining to shepherds; suggesting a peaceful and pleasant view of rural (kırsal) life / relating to the countryside: ""Sometimes I still long for the relaxing, bucolic summers of my youth spent on my aunt and uncle's spacious country farm. (rural, pastoral)""; ""People enjoy visiting the bucolic countryside, where life seems slower, more peaceful, and frozen in an era where tending the herd is more important than climbing the corporate ladder. (pastoral, rustic)""; ""We spent our vacation in New Zealand, leading a relaxing and bucolic lifestyle of tending to sheep and horseback riding. (pastoral)""; ""My grandfather never wanted to live in a big city with all its noise and pollution; he preferred the bucolic life on his farm. (rural, rustic)"" --> BUlls COws LIke Characteristics of rural, rustic areas and their inhabitants."

contumacious

"(adj) Rebellious; stubbornly disobedient / stubbornly or wilfully disobedient to authority: ""The dog was so contumacious that he willfully made a mess in the house whenever he was left alone. (incorrigible, disobedient)""; ""Your contumacious and willful misconduct in the courtroom has cost you a chance for appeal. (rebellious, contrary)""; ""Your contumacious behavior doesn't make you look tough, just stupid. (lawless, recalcitrant)""; ""My friend's contumacious actions made it difficult to support her in her quest for a promotion. (factious, incorrigible)"" --> In law, contumacious conduct refers to disobeying a court of law and refusing to appear in court or deliberately disobeying a court order. In religion, a contumacious sinner would be a rebellious, willfully disobedient person. Contumacious is a good, highbrow word choice, to use on occasion, to describe someone who is ""difficult."" / she 'can't obey she is' 'rebellious and stubbornly disobedient'."

contrite

"(adj) Remorseful; feeling sorry for one's offenses or sins / feeling guilty and sorry for something bad that you have done: ""A few days later, I received a contrite telephone call from the store, saying there had been a mistake.""; ""Her tone was contrite and I thought Puddy was going to get all choked up.""; ""His touch was contrite, perhaps ashamed, but running hot beneath its gentleness.""; ""Many felt the politician's apology was not contrite enough and that he was only making the apology because he got caught. (repentant, regretful)""; ""He sent his wife a bouquet of flowers as a show of contrition for arguing with her that morning. (apology, regret) noun""; ""Anyone can make a mistake; it's those who are contrite about their errors who are forgiven. (remorseful, repentant)""; ""Although I was angry at first, when I saw how contrite he was, I immediately forgave him. (apologetic, regretful)"" --> Contrite is a more sophisticated way of describing feelings of regret. Contrition is a noun that means repentance, apology, or regret. In Catholicism, the act of contrition is the act of asking God to forgive your sins. Contrite is synonymous with penitent. See penitent for additional analysis. / can't(CONT) I did it right(RITE)... so regretful"

acidulous

"(adj) Slightly acid or sour; sharp or caustic / Slightly sour in taste or in manner.: ""The fruit bears a juicy, fleshy and acidulous pulp.""; ""Spacey, after a long career of playing acidulous bad guys, gives a performance of surprising gentleness.""; ""The drama critic made some acidulous comments about the new play.""; ""It is difficult to disguise the acidulous flavor of cranberries"" --> ACID..(USUALLY SOUR AND BITTER IN TASTE)...so anything which include acid will automatically give you sour and bitter taste"

acerbic

"(adj) Sour; harsh or severe / Sour or bitter tasting; acid. See Synonyms at bitter, sour. / criticizing someone or something in a clever but cruel way: ""His Holmes has exactly the right quality, quizzical and slightly acerbic, and his Watson is sensible and thoroughly likeable.""; ""Acerbic, dialog between Jack, Jim and barman Brendan, is teasing and humorous."" --> A sir big shot, he is harsh and severe to his employees."

ardent

"(adj) Very passionate, devoted, or enthusiastic / showing strong positive feelings about an activity and determination to succeed at it / literary: showing strong feelings of love // ""He was an ardent supporter of the President and had been loyal to him throughout his political career. (enthusiastic, intense)""; ""The ardent fan paid three times the face value of the concert ticket to see his favorite band live on stage. (passionate, eager)""; ""Her ardent gaze caught his eye from across the room. (intense, fiery)""; ""Her ardent enthusiasm was what eventually won her the job over the other candidates. (eager, impassioned)"" --> Ardent is essentially a more sophisticated way of saying ""passionate."" It is derived from the Latin ardere, "to burn." This is also the source for the word ""arson."" Think, ""burning with enthusiasm."" Ardent is also synonymous with fervid, fervent, vehement, and zealous. See a detailed analysis of these synonyms at fervent. / 'ateşli, coşkulu' destekçiler her şeyin 'ardından' ardı sıra giderler"

contraries

"(n) Things that are opposing; either of two opposite things"

aloof

"(adj; adv) Distant physically or emotionally; reserved; indifferent / unfriendly and deliberately not talking to other people: remain/stay aloof (from somebody): ""They worked hard, but tended to stay aloof from the local inhabitants.""; keep/hold yourself aloof (from somebody): ""She had always kept herself aloof from the boys in class.""; ""Beneath that aloof exterior, Gayle is a warm, sympathetic person."" / deliberately not becoming involved in something: remain/stand aloof (from something): ""Initially, the President remained aloof from the campaign.""; hold/keep (yourself) aloof from something: ""The doctor held himself somewhat aloof from the rest of the ship's crew."" --- ""John held himself aloof from the bitter squabbles among his coworkers. (apart, detached)""; ""A lone deer stood at the forest's edge, aloof from the rest of the herd. (apart, detached)""; ""I went to the party hoping to make new friends, but most of the people were rather aloof. (standoffish, haughty)""; ""Is he aloof and arrogant, or simply shy and introverted? (detached, standoffish, haughty)"" --> Although the exact origin of aloof is unknown, it most likely came from Dutch te loef, ""to steer clear of something."" Aloof often, though not always, carries a negative connotation because of the implied feeling of superiority or arrogance. For a memory trick, note how aloof sounds and looks like ""al roof."" Now visualize a man name Al on a roof at a party. He wants to separate himself from everyone because of his aloof nature--Al is standoffish and wants to be away from people, so he hides on the roof."

abreast

"(adv; adj) Side-by-side. The more common ""abreast of"" means keeping up with, staying aware of, or remaining equal in progress with. / keep/stay abreast of something to make sure that you know all the most recent facts or information about a particular subject or situation: ""It's important to keep abreast of the latest developments in computers.""; ""Keeping abreast of developments in the crisis allowed the Police Chief to act appropriately when the opportunity arose. (informed, up to date) adjective""; ""With so many news web sites on the internet, it is much easier to keep abreast of current events. (apprised) adverb""; ""Please keep me abreast of the latest information. (informed, apprised) adjective"" / walk/ride etc abreast to walk, ride etc next to each other, all facing the same way; two/three/four etc abreast (=with two, three, four etc people or vehicles next to each other): ""The planes were flying four abreast.""; ""Although their cubicles were abreast of each other, Gina and Gary hardly ever talked. (adjacent) adjective"" / level with someone or something or in line with them: ""As the car drew abreast of him, Jack suddenly recognised the driver."" --> Abreast can refer to a physical stance, as in being alongside someone or something, but often it refers to staying knowledgeable about recent developments in a given situation. Think, if you are abreast (alongside, next to) something you can easily keep abreast (up to date, knowledgeable) of it because you are right next to it. / It's not vulgar but a fact....how are breasts????....alongside each other and facing the same direction...."

baying

"(gerund / n ?) Howling in a deep way, like a dog or wolf / bay(v): if a dog bays, it makes a long high noise, especially when it is chasing something [= howl]: ""dogs baying at the moon""; to make strong demands to get answers to questions or force someone to give you something: bay for: ""Reporters began baying for the president's blood (=demanding that he be punished)."""

abyss

"(n) A deep and vast space or cavity; anything profound or infinite / a very dangerous or frightening situation: ""The country might plunge into the abyss of economic ruin.""; ""At that time Bosnia was standing on the edge of an abyss."" / a deep empty hole in the ground / a very big difference that separates two people or groups: ""the gaping abyss between these grand buildings and my own miserable home"" --> cehennem çukuru / There are two related nouns, with associated adjectives: abyss (abyssal) and abysm (abysmal). Both derive from the same source, Greek ???????, 'bottomless' as an adjective and 'the deep', 'the lower levels of the ocean' as a noun. Abysm came via Latin, where the Greek was borrowed as late popular Latin abyssus, with the superlative abyssimus, 'the profoundest depth'. In present-day English, the two nouns are distinct. Abyss is the more literal word. It means the depths, of the ocean (there is a Science Fiction story by H.G.Wells of 1896 about descents in a bathysphere called 'In the Abyss'); in the Abrahamic faiths, it is also used to mean 'the bottomless pit' of Hell. The English adjective meaning 'to do with the depths' is abyssal. The other noun, Abysm, is less used nowadays. It is more old-fashioned, 'poetic' and affected. The adjective abysmal is current, used in the figurative sense of 'very bad', 'the lowest of the low'. A school-teacher may, for example, describe the written work of a pupil as abysmal. It is not polite."""

demagogue

"(n) A leader who lies and gains power by arousing the passions and especially prejudices of the people / a political leader who tries to make people feel strong emotions in order to influence their opinions - used to show disapproval: ""This candidate has no real position on any of the issues; he is merely a demagogue trying to whip the people into a frenzy by encouraging their prejudices. (agitator, firebrand)""; ""Such blatant demagoguery cheapens the entire electoral process. (rabble-rousing, exaggeration) noun""; ""This man is just a demagogue with a lot of empty promises, but no true ideas. (agitator, fanatic)""; ""The demagogue's plan to rouse the people into a frenzy was deflected by a true leader. (rabble-rouser)"" --> Demagogue comes from the Greek word demos, ""people"" and agogos, ""leading."" In ancient Greece a demagogue was a popular leader who represented the ordinary people; later, the word took on its current, negative connotation. The noun demagoguery is used to refer to a demagogue's impassioned appeals. The verb demagogue is the act of being a demagogue and appealing to people's weaknesses or emotions. Use the word demagogue as a strong way of criticizing a politician who uses hot-button issues to appeal to the ignorance or emotions of people merely for his or her own political gain, versus a true conviction or belief in the issue. Gay marriage, abortion, gun control, stem cell research, the military draft, and others are all issues used by both political parties for demagoguery."

coffer

"(n) Chest for storing valuables; financial resources, a treasury / somebody's coffers: the money that an organization, government etc has available to spend: ""The money from the exhibition should swell the hospital's coffers a little."" / a large strong box used to hold valuable or religious objects: ""The fund for stimulus is nothing but the recollected money being held at the government's coffer."" --> Think of coffer as coffin. a strong box/case to hold something (kutu, hazine, sandık) "

convoke

"(v) Call together, as to a meeting / to tell people that they must come together for a formal meeting: ""Separate meetings had been convoked by the two opposing factions.""; ""The company convoked all of its employees to discuss the new insurance plan.""; """" --> konvoy- toplantıya çağırmak / Convocare, from com- ( ? COM-) + vocare 'to call'"

coterie

"(n) Close or exclusive group, clique / a small group of people who enjoy doing the same things together, and do not like including others [? clique]: ""The writers' coterie was dumbfounded when one of their own suggested attending a professional wrestling match together. (clique, order)""; ""The sorority became the college freshman's coterie of choice. (sisterhood, society)""; ""I was admitted to the coterie after being sponsored by a friend who was already a member. (society, cadre)""; ""The International Olympic Committee is a coterie of exclusive membership. (association, society)""; ""His loyal coterie of fans crowded the stage.""; ""Directly below the king was a coterie of intellectuals possessing mind of the highest order."" --> The original Coterie was a fashionable and famous set of English aristocrats and intellectuals of the 1910s, popularly written about in magazines and newspapers of the period. Think, a place to hang your coat and be a part of a brotherhood. / coterie => sounds like ROTARY; which is a close and exclusive group that meets socially"

compendium

"(n) Concise but complete summary; a list or collection / a book that contains a complete collection of facts, drawings etc on a particular subject: ""a cricketing compendium""; ""Every morning, the app creates a compendium of the days events based on the topics you've chosen.""; ""It published a compendium of the comments it had received and announced significant changes to its proposals.""; ""The idea of an encyclopedia-a compendium of all the best available knowledge-is as tempting as it is flawed."" --> An audience always wants that whoever COMES to speak on the PODIUM should speak briefly, concise. / From Latin compendere ""to weigh together,"" from com- ""together"" (see com-) + pendere ""to weigh"" (see pendant)."

abscission

"(n) Cutting off; sudden termination; ""The doctor had to perform an abscission of the inflamed appendix"" / the separation of leaves, petals, or other parts from a plant or animal: ""A number of methods are used to delay petal abscission artificially, including the use of chemicals.""; ""Other bioassays have used the effects of ethene on root hair formation or leaf abscission."" --> It had the word sciss(scissors) in it.Scissors are used for Cutting,seperating.."

aspersions

"(n) Damaging remarks, defamation, slander / an unkind remark or an unfair judgment: ""No one is casting aspersions on you or your men, Major."" / ""The newspaper was heavily fined for the printed aspersion of the candidate. (defamation, slander)""; ""Because the aspersions made against John damaged his credibility and his ability to get a new job, he sued the organization. (defamatory remarks, slurs)""; ""I was deeply hurt by the aspersion, especially since I had no idea why she would say such an awful thing to me. (affront, invective)""; ""The religious commitment made during the rite was symbolized by the aspersion of water on the participant. (sprinkling)"" --> Aspersion is related to the word asperity. Asperity is harshness, while an aspersion is a harsh or disparaging statement. i.e: ""I don't understand his asperity (harshness) or why he is inclined to say such nasty aspersions (disparaging remarks) to his colleagues."" In religious settings, aspersion may refer to the sprinkling of water as in a Christian baptism, but this usage is very rare. --> Sounds like ass-person, if you defame someone you make them look like an ass."

dichotomy

"(n) Division into two parts or into two contradictory groups / the difference between two things or ideas that are completely opposite: dichotomy between: ""a dichotomy between his public and private lives""; ""The company's financial statements presented a unique dichotomy; the company had an increase in income, but a decrease in revenue. (contradiction)""; ""There was both an increase in unemployment and an increase in consumer confidence, creating an interesting economic dichotomy. (contradiction)""; ""Advertising agency employees run the gamut from account executives in suits to creative executives in jeans and t-shirts, creating a unique cultural dichotomy. (division)""; ""His mother represented the strong dichotomy he saw between men and women. (division)"" --> Dichotomy is derived from the Modern Latin and Greek dikhotomia, literally "cutting in two."" Dichotomy is usually used to describe two contradicting elements of the same person or thing (see usage examples)."

declivity

"(n) Downward slope as of a hill: ""Declivity of these mountains confronts the Zanzibar coast, but the western slopes are merely inclined planes.""; ""The village of Balmerino is pleasantly situated on the western declivity of the Scurr hill, already mentioned.""; ""The village of Balmerino is pleasantly situated on the western declivity of the Scurr hill, already mentioned."" --> Latin d?cl?vit?s, from d?cl?vis, sloping down : d?-, de- + cl?vus, slope; see klei- in Indo-European roots. / decline+ity ->downward slope"

aerie

"(n) Dwelling or fortress built on a high place; the nest of a bird of prey, such as an eagle or hawk, built on a mountain or cliff / The nest of a bird, such as an eagle, built on a cliff or other high place. / A house or stronghold perched on a height. : ""The architects spoke of a three-story tower, with bedrooms and a bird-watching aerie on the third floor.""; ""The mountaintop aerie of the story's villainous drug-dealing industrialist is one of numerous well-shot, well-chosen settings.""; ""The park has one bald eagle territory and one peregrine falcon aerie which are monitored annually."" --> aerie = like 'airy' =>high altitude Rest/habitation at high altitude / kartal yuvası, yüksek kuş yuvası / tepedeki ev"

coda

"(n) Final part of a musical composition; an ending, esp. one that sums up what has come before / an additional separate part at the end of a piece of music / a separate piece of writing at the end of a work of literature or a speech: ""The musician was frustrated and unable to complete a coda for the end of his composition. (finale, conclusion)""; ""The autobiography contained a coda summarizing the state of the author when he wrote the book. (postlude, conclusion)""; ""The symphony's coda was more thrilling than the entire composition itself. (finale)""; ""After the orchestra had finished playing the coda, the audience jumped up with applause and cried for an encore. (finale)"" --> A coda will conclude and summarize a work, yet retain its own interest. / from Latin cauda ""tail of an animal."" / At the end of the musical performance everyone took pictures with their KODAk cameras."

dictum

"(n) Formal or authoritative pronouncement; saying or proverb / a formal statement of opinion by someone who is respected or has authority: ""the Catholic church's dictum against birth control"" / a short phrase that expresses a general rule or truth: ""Descartes' famous dictum: 'I think; therefore, I am' ""; ""Gertrude Stein's most famous dictum was ""a rose is a rose is a rose."" "" /// ""The governor's dictum, stating that property taxes would be raised by 50 percent, was extremely unpopular with taxpayers. (decree, declaration)""; ""Because my parents were paying for my college education, they felt they had the right to dictate the classes I should take. (assert, command) verb""; ""The judge's dictum was meant to give the jury members some thought and pause before handing in their final decision on the case. (opinion, declaration, maxim)""; ""My landlord passed down a dictum stating that I must move out by the end of the month. (order, mandate)"" --> Dictum comes from the Latin word dicere, ""to say."" In modern usage it denotes a proclamation in an official or legal context. It is also an opinion voiced by a judge, but having no bearing on the case at hand. The related verb dictate means ""to speak the words of a text to be written down by someone else"" or ""to rule over and make decisions for others."""

accretion

"(n) Gradual increase; an added part or addition / a layer of a substance which slowly forms on something / a gradual process by which new things are added and something gradually changes or gets bigger - : ""With the accretion of so many new employees, our office will soon have doubled its original size. (addition)""; ""The addition of new clients accounts for the accretion of the business. (growth)""; ""An accretion of mass results in an increase in velocity. (increase)""; ""The accretion of my various investment accounts will make it easier for me to keep track of my finances. (fusion, consolidation)"" --> Accretion originates from the Latin crescere, ""to grow."" Accretion has several specialized uses. In law, accretion refers to adding to something by taking from another source (like a fund). In astronomy, accretion refers to attraction of matter by gravity, and in geology, accretion is an increase in landmass or an increase in the size of a continent. / Accretion sounds like Errection,,, so u r dik grows in size during an errection (not my mnemonic) / accretion ~ add + creation , this addition to creation leads to growth"

cupidity

"(n) Greed, great or excessive desire / very strong desire for something, especially money or property [= greed]: ""the cupidity of some businessmen""; ""Its whole history is known and is a sad example of cupidity overriding respect for beauty and history.""; ""Rincewind took a few steps forward, cupidity moving him as easily as if he were on little wheels."" --> o kadar hırslı ve açgözlüydü ki, boğulmaktan kurtulduktan sonra sadece suda düşürdüğü pahalı küpesini düşünüp 'küpe gitti' dedi."

bevy

"(n) Group of birds or other animals that stay close together; any large group / a large group of people of the same kind, especially girls or young women: bevy of: ""a bevy of beauties""; ""Billionaire investors helped drive the markets higher as they unveiled major stakes in a bevy of companies.""; ""The stimulus package offers a bevy of benefits to power companies making green energy.""; ""Comfy interior cuffs keep the wrist area chill-free, and a bevy of pockets store all your essentials."" --> Bevy=be +""we"" not me, hence refers to group of people / bevy-beavers.this brings this word in our mind. beavers are animals that live in large group.; a bevy of beavers hanging out together"

avarice

"(n) Insatiable greed; a miserly desire to hoard wealth / a desire to have a lot of money that is considered to be too strong [= greed]: ""His avarice for wealth made him miserly, even though he had more money than most people could spend in a lifetime. (greed)""; ""Her avarice drove her to commit the embezzlement(zimmetine geçirme), even though she knew it was wrong. (cupidity, greed)""; ""John despised(küçümsemek,hor görmek) avarice and always made it a point to be charitable. (greed)""; ""We don't know where his avarice stems from, since everyone in his family has always been very generous and never greedy. (greediness)""; ""Usually, politics is about the avarice of one person or group in conflict.""; ""His characters are motivated by lust, avarice and vanity(kibir) but elicit(-e yol açmak) sympathy because of their vulnerability."" --> Avarice is listed as one of the ""Seven Deadly Sins,"" first enumerated by theologian Thomas Aquinas, and since, becoming part of popular culture. Avarice is a more sophisticated way of saying ""greed."" For a memory trick, note how avarice sounds like ""a vat of rice."" Now imagine a pirate, on a pirate ship, who has the last ""vat (container) of rice"" on the ship. Imagine the avarice (greed) he would have in protecting his ""vat of rice."" / avarice- a + very + rich > a strong greed to be 'a very rich' person. / avarice=varis - yaşlı adamın varisi para tutkusu ve açgözlülükten babasının ölmesini bekliyordu"

arbiter

"(n) Judge, umpire, person empowered to decide matters at hand / someone who influences society's opinions about what is stylish, socially acceptable etc: ""The designer has received rave reviews from such arbiters of taste as Elle magazine."" / someone or something that settles an argument between two opposing sides [= judge]: ""The European Court of Justice will be the final arbiter (=make the final decision) in the dispute.""; ""The mayor's office and city council will be the final arbiters on the location of the new ball park. (judges)""; ""The Superior Court judge will be the final arbiter in my law suit. (judge)""; ""The arbiters of fine dining have declared that this is the best new restaurant of the year. (judges)""; ""My mother was always the final arbiter on what I could and couldn't wear to school. (judge, referee)"" --> An arbiter is essentially a judge. An arbiter is someone who has the final word or authority on an issue. The similar word, arbitrator, denotes a mediator, someone who helps two sides resolve a dispute. The related adjective arbitrary has the same root. See arbitrary for additional analysis."

chicanery

"(n) Trickery, deception by knowingly false arguments / the use of clever plans or actions to deceive people: ""Clearly there is some chicanery going on.""; ""The jury was led to believe that the financial planner used chicanery to unfairly charge his clients. (deception, artifice)""; ""So many newspapers spoke of the governor's chicanery, his popularity plummeted. (guile, wiliness, deception)""; ""She intends her chicanery more for amusement than true deception. (trickery, wiliness)""; ""He loves practical jokes and often uses chicanery to fool people he works with. (artifice, trickery)"" --> Chicanery is basically any trick or purposeful deception, but specifically, one that is done through the manipulation of language or the way that something is communicated. One may hear the term chicanery used in the political news media, such as when a political party accuses the opposing party's proposed legislation as chicanery. / chicanery pronounced as sh?-k?'n?-r?, şike / fenerbahçe şike yaptı yani, 'şike-kanarya'"

acumen

"(n) Keen, quick, accurate insight or judgment / the ability to think quickly and make good judgments: business/political/financial etc acumen: ""The firm's success is largely due to Brannon's commercial acumen.""; ""A brilliant acumen in agricultural matters ... had made the old man a legend in the district""; ""There will be a good deal of number crunching on this project, and we'll need someone with great financial acumen. (intelligence, skills, expertise)""; ""His international marketing acumen comes from several years of working for an ad agency and doing product marketing for large, multi-national companies. (sagacity, insight, keenness)""; ""She may be young and inexperienced, but she shows great acumen in practical matters, and I think she'll be a fast learner. (shrewdness, discernment)""; ""Her legal acumen will be of great value if she wins the Senatorial campaign. (insight, intelligence)"" --> Acumen comes from the Latin word acuere, ""to sharpen."" When you have good acumen--in business, for example--you have a sharp and keen intellect, especially in a specific field or subject matter. Acumen is often used as a more sophisticated way of saying ""skills or expertise."" For example: financial acumen, political acumen, marketing acumen. / acumen sounds like ""IQ-man"" or ""a quick man"" which grasps quickly, make good judgment."

calumny

"(n) Malicious lie intended to hurt someone's reputation; the act of telling such lies / an untrue and unfair statement about someone that is intended to give people a bad opinion of them; when someone says things like this: ""The article amounted to little more than harsh calumny intended to convince people to ignore his ideas and turn against him. (libel, defamation)""; ""It does not matter if he is under oath, since he has already made it clear that he would be glad to calumniate his old nemesis in public. (defame) verb""; ""What you've written here is nothing but calumny, and I'm going to sue this newspaper for millions for the way you have besmirched my reputation. (defamation, smear, libel)""; ""The girl knew that the stories she told about her rival were calumny, but she told them anyway, in hopes of tarnishing her rival's reputation. (defamation, smear)"" --> Calumny often connotes the idea of malice or the intent to harm. The verb calumniate means ""to defame someone or to make false statements intended to harm a person's name or reputation."" Defame and malign are probably better words to use than calumniate, as they are easier to say and more people are familiar with these words. / CAL (californians) talk shit about NY (new yorkers)...defamation!!!! / anadolu liseliler, fen liselileri çekemiyor, itibarlarını zedelemek için onlara yalan yanlış iftira atıyorlar, hepsinin saçı dökük olduğu için mezuniyet toplantılarına 'kel+alumni' diyorlardı / Calumny sounds like columns; imagine if someone write bad things about you in his columns, in order to cause defamation"

analgesia

"(n) Pain relief; inability to feel pain / the condition of being unable to feel pain while conscious: ""Analgesia for labor may also obscure the symptoms.""; ""It also emphasizes the need for stronger regular analgesia in severe pain, with a step-down in analgesia in severe pain, with a step-down in analgesia as the acute pain resolves."""

apostate

"(n) Person who deserts a party, cause, religion, etc. / someone who has stopped believing in a religion or supporting a political party: ""Josh used to follow a high-protein diet, but he's now an apostate who happily eats French fries and pasta. (defector:dönen kimse)""; ""The monk became an apostate when he left the monastery to get married. (dissident:muhalif, heretic:geleneklere ters kimse)""; ""Sometimes it takes an apostate from conventional ideas to make a new discovery. (renegade:hain,dönek)""; ""He became an apostate of the Green party, not because he no longer cared about their policies, but because he felt his new party might have more success on election day. (defector, dissident)"" --> Apostasy, from the Greek ""to stand away,"" is the renunciation of one's religion. One who commits apostasy is an apostate. Apostate can also be used when describing someone who turns away from something other than religion. / apostate can be thought of as 'opposite state'.. That is changing to the opposite state, and not loyal to his current state.. / apostate ~ apo + state; Prefix 'apo' means away; so away from state : One who's away from his state or religion. (Abandonment of religious values)"

apostle

"(n) Pioneer of a reform movement (originally, an early follower of Jesus) / one of the 12 people chosen by Jesus Christ to teach and spread the Christian religion / formal someone who believes strongly in an idea and tries to persuade other people: ""a great apostle of non-violence""; ""She is, by professional commitment, an apostle of the movement to dismantle social inhibitions."" --> a+postal= so somebody who is in a postal service of an idea or a person (such as Jesus) is a pioneer of a reform movement"

approbation

"(n) Praise or approval, especially formal approval / official praise or approval: ""The committee's approbation of the proposal meant that the project could begin. (approval, ratification)""; ""His quest to join the exclusive club was eventually met with approbation, when several members sponsored him. (approval, support)""; ""The Vice-Presidential nominee accepted his nomination with approbatory remarks. (approving, accepting) adjective""; ""With the approbation of the court, the father will be allowed to visit his children regularly, even though he and their mother never married. (approval)"" --> Approbation often carries an official connotation and is used most often in formal or official settings. Approbation is an official way of saying ""approval."" The adjective approbatory refers to something expressing approval. / How is it possible that approbation means approval when probation is a form of being in trouble in school? Remember that probation is a testing period, to see if you can be good. Approbation means it's all good. Or you can remember this rhyme: ""Filled with approbation, the audience gave a standing ovation."" / "

bent

"(n,adj) Personal inclination or tendency; special natural skill or interest in a particular area: musical/artistic/literary etc bent: ""readers of a more literary bent"" (n) // something that is bent is no longer flat or straight: ""Stand with your knees slightly bent.""; ""He breathed in deeply, bent double in pain (=with the top part of your body leaning forward towards your legs).""; bent on something: completely determined to do something, especially something bad: ""a crowd of hooligans bent on violence""; be bent on doing something: ""They seemed bent on destroying his career."" (adj)"

anodyne

"(n; adj) Medicine that relieves pain; an activity or thing that comforts people (noun) / soothing, relieving pain; expressed in a way that is unlikely to offend anyone [= bland]: ""anodyne topics of conversation""; ""Most politicians' blogs tend to degenerate into anodyne travelogues.""; ""But for such a prodigy, his conducting style is sedate, almost anodyne.""; ""Despite its pedigree, the programming remains anodyne and apolitical."" (adj) --> ANAlgesic meDIciNE = ANODYNE / anodyne ~ a + no + dyne (dying); If you want him not to die from pain, you should give him some anodyne drugs."

asperity

"(n) Rigor, severity; harshness or sharpness of tone; roughness of surface / if you speak with asperity, you say something in a way that is rough or severe, showing that you are feeling impatient: ""Cliff's asperity toward others made Jim afraid to ask him for help. (bitterness, harshness)""; ""Bankruptcy and our subsequent financial problems were asperities I hope our company will never have to endure again. (hardships)""; ""The woman was once known for her kindness, but many troubles had changed her demeanor to one of insensitivity and asperity. (harshness, bitterness)""; ""The military commander treated his new recruits with asperity, offering no sympathy or fatherliness. (severity, harshness)"" --> Asperity is derived from the Latin esper, ""rough."" Asperity can be used to refer to both the actions and manner of a person, as well as the actual roughness of a physical surface. Asperity is similar to abrasive (rough, harsh) in both its literal and figurative use. Abrasive is an adjective used to describe something or someone that is harsh, while asperity is a noun meaning ""harshness."" ""The abrasive (rough, harsh) man was known for his asperity (harshness) and mean spirit."" / Asperity can be thought of as A spear with severity. i.e Sharpness; a spear which is known as its sharpness and severity"

canard

"(n) Rumor, a false or baseless story (uydurma haber, asılsız haber, hile) / a piece of news that is false and is told to people deliberately in order to harm someone: ""By repeating this false canard you provide an interesting example of the tide of misinformation.""; ""It is a canard that neither mainstream media's managers nor its journalists have good answers to that question.""; ""The show demolishes a canard that the artist's work declined after the nineteen-fifties."" --> canard - can hard, it can hardly happen. It is exaggerated. / before 1850, from French canard ""a hoax,"" literally ""a duck"" (from Old French quanart, probably echoic of a duck's quack); said by Littré to be from the phrase vendre un canard à moitié ""to half-sell a duck,"" thus, from some long-forgotten joke, ""to cheat."""

axiom

"(n) Self-evident truth requiring no proof; universally or generally accepted principle / a rule or principle that is generally considered to be true: ""Some political advisors stand behind the axiom that in order to win an election, a politician must seem pro education. (assumption, maxim)""; ""The mathematician based his proof on several previously accepted axioms. (postulates, assumptions)""; ""The woman's husband didn't feel the need to tell her he loved her because he thought it was axiomatic. (obviously true) adjective""; ""You've based this proposal on several axioms that we have yet to prove. (assumptions)"" --> A word related to axiom is axiomatic, which describes something that is so clearly true or given that it scarcely needs mentioning. / Axiom= axi+om - axial=line, eksen, om= universality, evrensellik - so axiom is universally accepted rule, principle"

anachronism

"(n) Something that is not in its correct historical time; a mistake in chronology, such as by assigning a person or event to the wrong time period / someone or something that seems to belong to the past, not the present: ""The monarchy is something of an anachronism these days."" / something in a play, film etc that seems wrong because it did not exist in the period of history in which the play etc is set: ""The film is full of anachronisms.""; ""His painting style was seen as outdated and anachronistic."" / ""In this era of personal computers, writing with pen and paper can seem anachronistic. (out-of-date) adjective""; ""The Shakespearean language in this book is an anachronism that will probably confuse most modern readers. (incongruity(uyuşmama, bağdaşmazlık), something that seems out of date or place)""; ""The movie was set far in the future, but the old-fashioned clothing styles of the characters were distracting anachronisms. (incongruities, flaws)""; ""Eva liked to wear her hair in a bee-hive style that was too anachronistic for the 21st century. (out-of-date, misdated) adjective"" --> Anachronism is derived from the Greek khronos, ""time,"" and further from anakhronizesthai, which literally means ""to be timed backward."" The adjective anachronistic refers to something that is chronologically out of place or attributed to the wrong historical period. Anachronism is a great word to use if you are watching a movie and you see something that is glaringly out of place because it was not yet invented during the time of the story."

bane

"(n) Something that ruins or spoils / something that causes trouble or makes people unhappy: be the bane of something/somebody: ""Drugs are the bane of the inner cities.""; ""Her brother is the bane of her life.""; ""Blisters are the bane of house painters, both pros and amateurs.""; ""Spam is the bane of computer users everywhere, accounting for more than 90% of e-mail.""; ""Traffic jams are the bane of any commuter.""; ""He is a bane to raccoons, hunting them fearlessly in the marshes and battling as readily in the water as on the bank.""; ""The new tool will be a bane to teaching, some professors say-but others see a blessing."" --> Bane is a villain who causes troubles and ruins everything"

augury

"(n) Telling the future, such as through supernatural means / a sign of what will happen in the future: ""The citizens of the nation hoped that the change in leadership was an augury of better times ahead. (sign, omen)""; ""The boss's happy mood this morning augurs well for those who hope he will let the workers go home early. (is a good sign, bodes well, predicts) verb""; ""I was hoping for some augury of whether I would receive the promotion, but I was left to guess until the following week. (sign)""; ""Keri believed in astrology and took her daily horoscope as a serious augury. (omen, prophecy, prediction)""; ""Sarah's victory then was regarded in some circles as an augury of brilliant things to come."" --> The verb form of augury is augur. It means ""to predict the future, to interpret signs or omens, or to be a sign."" Augur can also be a noun however, either referring to a prophet or diviner in general, or specifically to a Roman religious official in charge of interpreting signs called auspices (guidance, support, approval, or protection, especially by an organization)."

abeyance

"(n) Temporary suspension, inactivity / in abeyance: something such as a custom, rule, or system that is in abeyance is not being used at the present time: ""She petitioned the King to terminate the abeyance in her favor.""; ""Since the gas leak in our office building, our work has been in temporary abeyance. (suspension, pause)""; ""That law has been in abeyance since 1900, but it is likely that it will eventually be reinstated. (cessation, suspension)""; ""Our paychecks are being held in abeyance while the company sorts out its financial problems. (deferral, suspension)""; ""The negotiations have been held in abeyance until after the holidays. (postponement, suspension)""; """" fall into abeyance (=no longer be used): --> if you don't show obeyance your rights and powers are going to be held in abeyance / You may have heard the term ""at bay,"" meaning ""put on hold."" If you are familiar with this term, note how abeyance sounds like ""at bay."" If something is in abeyance (deferral, on hold) it is also considered ""at bay."""

blight

"(n; v) Disease that kills plants rapidly, or any cause of decay or destruction; an unhealthy condition of plants in which parts of them dry up and die / a destructive force that inflicts severe damage; something that makes people unhappy or that spoils their lives or the environment they live in: ""Her guilty secret was a blight on her happiness."" (noun) /// ruin or cause to wither; to spoil or damage something, especially by preventing people from doing what they want to do: ""a disease which, though not fatal, can blight the lives of its victims""; ""a country blighted by poverty"" (verb) // ""The denial of her scholarship application effectively blighted her dream of attending her first-choice college. (halted, ruined, frustrated) verb""; ""The swarm(sürü) of locusts(çekirge) proved to be a blight upon the land. (devastation, cause of ruin) noun""; ""The actor's many bouts with drug abuse and imprisonment were a blight on his career, and he found it nearly impossible to get work. (destructive force, devastation) noun""; ""The family's income and savings were sadly blighted by the father's gambling addiction. (destroyed, ruined)"" --> In botany, blight can also refer to a fungal plant disease. It can also take on the meaning of something that is in a state of decay or ruin, such as in the phrase ""urban blight."" In the adjective use, if something is blighted, it is severely damaged or destroyed. / Black light may destroy the plants; black light is something that makes people unhappy or that spoils their lives or the environment they live in, it has destructive force and spoil or damage everything"

accede

"(v) Agree, give consent; assume power (usually as ""accede to"") / accede to something: to agree to a demand, proposal etc, especially after first disagreeing with it: ""the doctor's refusal to accede to his patient's request""; ""Dad acceded to Tim's request to use the car on Saturday night. (agreed, conceded)""; ""It was clear that the senator voted ""No"" on the water bill because he was acceding to pressure from his constituency. (submitting, assenting)""; ""I can hardly believe the sway she holds over you; you accede to her every request. (yield, agree, concede)"" / if someone accedes to the throne, they become king or queen: ""The Prince knows that when his father passes away, he will accede to the throne and reign as King. (accept, take over)"" --> in the word accede acce sounds like""axe""- when you have ""axe"" scent, girls will agree to what you said and yield to you"

ascribe

"(v) Assign or credit to a certain cause or source / ascribe something to somebody/something: to claim that something is caused by a particular person, situation etc: ""The report ascribes the rise in childhood asthma to the increase in pollution."" / to claim that something has been written, said, made etc by a particular person: ""a quotation that's often been ascribed to Marilyn Monroe"" / to believe that something or someone has a particular quality: ""Local people ascribe healing properties to this fruit."" / ""Most of the accidents were ascribable to the bad weather."" // ""The singer's vocal talent was, for a long time, ascribed to her mother, who ironically didn't have a good voice. (attributed, credited)""; ""I would like to ascribe my success to hard work and brains alone, but I have to admit, there was some luck involved. (attribute, credit)""; ""He will ascribe his success in the World Series to intense training and a bit of luck. (attribute)""; ""Baseball ascribes its popularity to Babe Ruth. (attributes, credits)"" --> Ascribe originates from the Latin ascribere, ""to write."" Ascribe is used to refer to a supposed cause, source, or author. When you ascribe something, you are attributing it to its origin. Ascribe carries with it more inference or assumption than the word ""attribute."" When first using the word ascribe, try to use it in place of attribute. Doing so will allow you to become more comfortable with the word. / Take ascr=oscar award;so if I will win an Oscar I will ascribe it to my parents."

assail

"(v) Attack violently, assault / if you are assailed by unpleasant thoughts or feelings, they worry or upset you: ""Carla was suddenly assailed by doubts."" / if a strong smell or loud sound assails you, you suddenly experience it: ""The smell of rotten meat assailed her nostrils."" / to attack someone or something violently / to criticize someone or something severely; assail somebody for something: ""He was assailed for gross misconduct."" // ""The young woman was assailed by an attacker on her way home from work. (assaulted, attacked)""; ""Lisa had not seen her assailant, but she recognized his voice. (attacker) noun""; ""The troops assailed their enemies by night, hoping to benefit from the element of surprise. (attacked)""; ""She felt like she had been personally assailed when the critics gave her first novel terrible reviews. (maligned, attacked, vilified)"" --> Assail is derived from the Latin assilire, ""to leap upon."" When you assail someone, even verbally, you are attacking (leaping on them) literally or figuratively. The noun assailant means ""attacker."" For a memory trick, note how assail sounds and looks like ""ass and sail."" Now, imagine a donkey (ass) or someone's posterior (ass) being attacked by a sail. This will help you remember that assail can be used to describe both a physical and a verbal attack."

besiege

"(v) Attack, overwhelm, crowd in on or surround / to surround a city or castle with military force until the people inside let you take control: ""In April 655, Osman's palace was besieged by rebels.""; ""The revelry is soon interrupted when deadly tiger sharks besiege the waters."" / [usually passive] if people, worries, thoughts etc, besiege you, you are surrounded by them: ""Miller was besieged by press photographers.""; ""Doctors say worried patients hearing about the ailment are starting to besiege them.""; ""Despite this, protests and legal challenges besiege energy development decisions, delaying or derailing production."" / be besieged with letters/demands/requests etc: to receive a very large number of letters, requests etc --> siege= kuşatma, abluka, çevresini sarma; besiege= ablukaya almak, çevresini sarmak, kuşatmak"

antedate

"(v) Be older than, precede in time; assign to an earlier date / to come from an earlier time in history than something else [= predate]: ""The economic troubles antedate the current administration.""; ""The explanation is quite simple: self-consciousness does not antedate birth, nor does it develop in a vacuum.""; ""The cold weather can antedate their departure.""; ""The English empire can antedate the American settlers."" --> from Latin ante ""before"" (see ante) + date (v.1)"

amalgamate

"(v) Blend, merge, or unite / if two organizations amalgamate, or if one amalgamates with another, they join and make one big organization [= merge]: amalgamate something with/into/under something: ""The agency is expected to amalgamate with the National Rivers Authority."" / to combine two or more things together to make one thing: ""Stir until the ingredients are amalgamated."" / amalgamate something with/into something: ""The editors will amalgamate all the information into one article."""

coagulate

"(v) Cause a liquid to become solid or semisolid / if a liquid coagulates, or something coagulates it, it becomes thick and almost solid: ""The blood had not coagulated.""; ""Gelatin mix coagulates water to form gelatin. (solidifies, gelatinizes, sets)""; ""Olive oil will coagulate if you put it in the refrigerator. (thicken, gelatinize)""; ""People with hemophilia have blood that does not coagulate properly when they are wounded. (clot, set)""; ""Enzymes help milk coagulate to form cheese or yogurt. (curdle, condense)"" --> The word coagulate comes from the Latin coagere, ""to drive together."" In a chemical sense, when particles group together to form a solid mass, they are said to coagulate. This process is known as coagulation. Something described as coagulated has come together to form a solid or thickened substance. When a blood on a cut binds together to form a scab, it coagulates."

bilk

"(v) Cheat or defraud / to cheat someone, especially by taking their money [= swindle]: bilk somebody out of something: ""Consumers were bilked out of more than $15,000.""; // 1. to cheat someone out of something, especially money; 2. to avoid paying a debt; 3. to avoid or escape from someone or something; 4. to prevent or thwart a plan // ""The company bilked its investors out of millions of dollars. (conned, fleeced)""; ""He bilked his creditors by moving to South America. (thwarted, frustrated)""; ""The criminals bilked capture once again. (foiled(önlenmiş), thwarted(engelle(mek)))""; ""You can't bilk me out of my money; I'm much too smart for that. (trick, con)"" --> Bilk is a rather informal term, most often used to denote cheating or conning someone out of money. / bilk actually comes from Bil-Klinton. The politician who ""cheat"" all the time. / bilk -> bill + milk; so you cheated the MILK man by not paying the BILL / Bilk rhymes with milk and the milkman ""cheats"" you by adding water."

arrogate

"(v) Claim or take presumptuously or without the right to do so / arrogate (to yourself) something: (formal) to claim that you have a particular right, position etc, without having the legal right to it: ""That's how my cousin came to don the hand-tailored suits and to arrogate to himself the glamorous responsibility for ushering to their tables big-name customers"" (See Synonyms at appropriate.) / To ascribe on behalf of another in an unwarranted manner: ""The Platt Amendment of 1901 arrogated to the United States the right to intervene in Cuba in case of threats to its independence or American lives or property"" --> Think of it's similarity to ""arrogant."" An arrogate person might be so bold as to arrogate another's possessions. / rom Latin arrogatus, past participle of arrogare ""to claim for oneself"" (see arrogance)"

clamber

"(v) Climb awkwardly or with difficulty, scramble / to climb or move slowly somewhere, using your hands and feet because it is difficult or steep: clamber over/across etc: ""They clambered over the slippery rocks.""; ""We all clambered aboard and the boat pulled out.""; ""These changes have allowed more marginal homebuyers to clamber on to the housing ladder.""; ""Entering visitors had to clamber over the pile of shoes in the hallway, between the elevator and the door.""; ""Dress kids in long pants at ancient sites to protect their knees as they clamber over old ruins and city fountains."" --> climb + er = person who climbs / climber is a person who climbs and clamber is a person who climbs awkwardly using his hands and feet.... / c+lamb+er visualize a lamb climbing a hill with difficulty"

confound

"(v) Confuse, frustrate; mix up or make worse / to confuse and surprise people by being unexpected: ""His amazing recovery confounded the medical specialists."" / to prove someone or something wrong: confound the critics/pundits/experts etc: ""United's new striker confounded the critics with his third goal in as many games."" / formal to defeat an enemy, plan etc / formal if a problem etc confounds you, you cannot understand it or solve it: ""Her question completely confounded me."" // ""He confounded his doctor's prognosis by living with lung cancer for 10 years, when he was originally given less than six months to live. (disproved, refuted)""; ""John's boss confounded him with perplexing questions he wasn't prepared to answer. (perplexed, bewildered)""; ""I hadn't seen my high school classmate in years, and I was momentarily confounded by how different she looked now. (baffled, bewildered) adjective""; ""Nobody could follow his confounded directions, so we all got lost. (confusing, convoluted) adjective"" --> Confound is derived from the Latin com-, ""together"" with fundere, ""to pour."" Think of pouring various ingredients together to create a completely mixed up recipe. The general idea of confound is to confuse things by mixing things up. One often hears, ""to further confound the situation,"" meaning ""to confuse and frustrate it."" A person is confounded when unable to explain or deal with a situation. The adjective confounded is also used to describe something that is confusing or perplexing--confounding. You can also use the word confound to forcefully curse something or someone: ""Counfound this incessant noise!"" In this case, it's an expression of anger or frustration with the thing or person that is being cursed. / CONfusion FOUND == CONFOUND / CONFused + dumbFOUNDed / cant found, so confused perplexed"

collude

"(v) Conspire; cooperate for illegal or fraudulent purposes / to work with someone secretly, especially in order to do something dishonest or illegal: collude with: ""Several customs officials have been accused of colluding with drug traffickers.""; collude in: ""She knew about the plan, and colluded in it.""; ""They will collude and conspire to conceal the truth.""; ""Males collude with their peers as a way of stealing fertile females from competing dolphin bands.""; ""In this high-margin segment, two or three multinationals usually dominate-and can easily manipulate prices if they collude.""; ""But, if pilots were not screened, they could collude with someone else to bring forbidden items behind the sterile area.""; ""Not only can they collude to raise the pot and drive out other players, but they can share the contents of their hands."" - collusion (n)--> (dolap çevirmek, gizlice anlaşmak, tezgah hazırlamak) people who involve in collusion, try to create an Illusion that everything is fine / sahtekarlar kol kola girip gizlice anlaştılar"

abase

"(v) Degrade or humble; to lower in rank, status, or esteem / abase yourself: to behave in a way that shows you accept that someone has complete power over you: ""When he lost reelection, the politician found that he didn't like being abased by his party.""; ""The demotion did not abase his credibility with his peers.""; ""You should abase yourselves as miserable wretches."""

abscond

"(v) Depart suddenly and secretively / to escape from a place where you are being kept: ""The boy absconded from a children's home."" / to secretly leave somewhere, taking with you something that does not belong to you: ""He has to convince a judge that he wasn't going to abscond with the money.""; ""Martin was thought to be trustworthy and everyone was shocked when he absconded with all of the company's profits. (fled)""; ""Jenny was so embarrassed by her blunder, she wished she could abscond from the room, never to return. (escape, flee)""; ""After the robbery, the gang members absconded to different countries, in hope that they would never be caught. (fled, escaped)""; ""Billy decided to abscond from the scene of the broken vase before his mother found him. (flee)"" --> escape from a place and be 'absent in a second'"

adumbrate

"(v) Give a rough outline of; foreshadow; reveal only partially; obscure / to suggest or describe something in an incomplete way / to give the main points or a summary of something / to give a hint of things to come / to give only an outline of something without revealing everything --- ""I'm sorry I had to adumbrate the details, but I wasn't able to give you the full story at that time. (summarize, obscure)""; ""Her weak smile adumbrated her true feelings. (concealed, obscured)""; ""The report didn't disclose the full details of the plan, but adumbrated the general point. (indicated, intimated)""; ""I would appreciate it if you could adumbrate your marketing plan for next year. (outline, foreshadow)"" --> Adumbrate comes from the word umbra, ""shade."" This is also the source for the word umbrella. Think of keeping something covered with an umbrella or hidden in the shadows. When you adumbrate, you only give part of the story and hint at something, concealing the details. / A dumb brat can't give the details - just a sketchy outline."

amortize

"(v) Gradually pay off a debt, or gradually write off an asset / to pay a debt by making regular payments: ""He will make additional payments every month in order to amortize the loan. (repay, settle)""; ""They figured it would take five years to amortize their debt. (pay off, repay, satisfy)""; ""Most home loans are amortized over 30 years. (repaid, paid)""; ""The amortization of my accrued credit card debt will take several months. (repayment; noun)"" --> Amortize is derived from the Old French amortiss, which means ""to deaden."" Think of deadening or extinguishing a debt. The related noun amortization refers to the reduction of the value of an asset by prorating its cost over a period of years, or to the payment of an obligation in a series of installments. In business, amortize can be a positive word if you mention it in a context of spreading out an investment for a number of different applications: ""We should be able to amortize (apply, utilize) our investment in a number of different ways."""

ameliorate

"(v) Improve; make better or more bearable / to make a bad situation better or less harmful [= improve]: ""It is not clear what can be done to ameliorate the situation.""; ""A candy bar was able to ameliorate the boy's sadness. (amended, helped)""; ""Eating fruits and vegetables can ameliorate your health. (improve, better)""; ""The upper management in our company wants to ameliorate working conditions by moving into a larger, brighter office space. (improve, better)""; ""International aid was sent to ameliorate the catastrophic effects of the tsunami. (better, improve)"" --> Ameliorate is derived from the Latin melior, ""better."" You'll also notice that meliorate, an earlier form of ameliorate, is a synonym. Ameliorate is related to alleviate and mitigate, but is different in that it is specific to making something better, while the other words connote easing or lessening something. Ameliorate is used to describe improving something that really needs improving."

apprise

"(v) Inform, give notice to / to tell or give someone information about something: apprise somebody of something: ""The district chairman was fully apprised of all the details.""; ""When apprised of the accident, Sheila immediately left work and rushed to the hospital. (informed, notified)""; ""At the end of the trial period, Nick was apprised that his services would no longer be required. (notified, told)""; ""The boss asked to be apprised of any news pertinent to investors. (informed, advised)""; ""The police will apprise you of the situation once they arrive. (advise, inform)"" --> Apprise is derived from the French appris, ""taught or made to learn."" Apprise is a more formal way of saying ""inform."" Be careful not to confuse apprise with appraise. To apprise is to inform. To appraise is to estimate the value or worth of something. / when you will get 'a prize', authority inform you first then you get it. / for an intelligence agent, giving an information is 'a prize'"

adulterate

"(v) Make impure by adding inappropriate or inferior ingredients / to make food or drink less pure by adding another substance of lower quality to it [? unadulterated]: ""My soda was adulterated with water once the ice began to melt. (diluted, spoiled)""; ""The manufacturer of the pain medication warned the public that the drug may have been adulterated during the packaging process. (tainted, contaminated)""; ""The project was an unadulterated mess from the beginning. (pure, complete; adj)""; ""Although everyone else loved the cake, for Monica, it was adulterated by the almonds to which she was highly allergic. (spoiled, poisoned)"" --> The word adulterate can also be used as an adjective to describe something that has been made impure or diluted. The adjective unadulterated means ""pure and unspoiled."" In most cases, unadulterated is a more dramatic way of saying ""pure."" / Adults are more impure than children, so adulterate means to make impure"

annul

"(v) Make void or null, cancel, abolish (usually of laws or other established rules) / to officially state that a marriage or legal agreement no longer exists: ""Their marriage was annulled last year.""; ""Seven opponents had asked the court to annul the vote because of fraud allegations.""; ""The actress is seeking to annul the two-month marriage based on fraud.""; ""The secretary of state shall immediately cancel and annul the commission."" --> Middle English annullen, from Old French annuller, from Late Latin annull?re : Latin ad-, ad- + Latin nullus, none / an + nul ~ so to nullify something means to make it zero or to make it void"

burnish

"(v) Polish, make smooth and lustrous / to polish metal or another substance until it shines / to work hard in order to improve something [OPP tarnish]: ""He missed no opportunity to burnish his image."" // ""A true craftsman, he could restore and burnish metal works like teapots, vases, and statues to make them shine like new. (polish, buff)""; ""When you finish with your pottery, we can burnish it to give a more finished and professional look. (polish, shine, glaze)""; ""In my jewelry-making class, we're currently learning how to burnish our pieces to give them a high shine. (buff, polish)""; ""The politician hired a high-profile public relations agency in hopes of burnishing his image with the public. (polishing, smoothing)"" --> In some cases, burnish can be used figuratively to mean ""to improve the appearance of something,"" such as a person's image or reputation. As a noun, burnish means ""a smooth and shiny finish."" --> In some cases, burnish can be used figuratively to mean ""to improve the appearance of something,"" such as a person's image or reputation. As a noun, burnish means ""a smooth and shiny finish."" / from brun ""brown; polished,"" from a Germanic source (cf. Old High German brun, Old Norse brunn ""bright, polished; brown;"" see brown (adj.)). The connection to ""brown"" might be explained if the original objects in mind were wooden ones. / Burn+ish meaning polish "

brandish

"(v) Shake, wave, or flourish, as a weapon / to wave something around in a dangerous or threatening way, especially a weapon: ""A man leapt out brandishing a kitchen knife.""; ""Indeed, anyone inclined to argue that the state of opera singing today is deplorable need only brandish a tape of this concert.""; ""The victor would cut off the head of the loser and brandish it aloft by its hair.""; ""Officers are allowed to brandish and point their weapon at a high risk felony stop.""; ""According to the officers, they did not brandish their weapons during this encounter."" --> if you get some new branded item like a shoe or watch etc you'll wanna wave it around n display it to everyone."

circumscribe

"(v) Strictly limit a role, range of activity, or area; in math, to be constructed around so as to touch as many points as possible / to limit power, rights, or abilities [= restrict]: ""The President's power is circumscribed by Congress and the Supreme Court."" / to draw a line around something: ""a circle circumscribed by a square"" // ""The Civil War began when the South tried to secede(üyelikten çekilme) from the Union and circumscribe their own, separate states. (encircle, draw)""; ""My wife has circumscribed my number of ""guys-nights"" to 3 nights a month. (limited, restricted)""; ""The special forces team circumscribed the terrorist camp before attacking the enemy. (surrounded)""; ""When we set up camp, we circumscribed the fire pit with large rocks. (surrounded, confined)"" --> Circumscribe is derived from the Latin circumscribere, ""to draw a line around, limit, confine."" This idea of drawing a circle around something has come to denote setting limits. Think of being limited and confined to what is in the circle. Use circumscribe as a more sophisticated way of saying limit, restrict, or confine. / Latin from circum- ""around"" (see circum-) + scribere ""write"" (see script (n.))"

brook

"(v) Suffer or tolerate (tahammül etmek, izin vermek) / not brook something/brook no something formal to not allow or accept something: ""He would brook no criticism, even from his beloved daughter.""; ""The teacher will brook no exceptions to her rule against tardiness(gecikme). (accept, allow)""; ""I will not brook a lack of effort on this important project. (tolerate, put up with)""; ""I will brook no sadness at grandmother's funeral; she was a joyous woman and would want us to laugh and celebrate her life. (allow, endure)""; ""Tommy's mother would not brook profanity in the house. (tolerate, allow, put up with)"" --> Brook, as a verb, is nearly always used in the negative, as in the context of ""...not brook"" or ""brook no..."" The noun brook also refers to a small stream. / In class if you don't bring the BOOK teacher will not BROOK it. He will say ""you don't bring book and I don't brook it"""

connote

"(v) Suggest or imply in addition to the precise, literal meaning / if a word connotes something, it makes you think of qualities and ideas that are more than its basic meaning [? denote]: ""The word 'plump' connotes cheerfulness.""; ""The musical refrain in the movie gave a connotation of impending doom. (implication) noun""; ""To me, hugs connote love, friendship, and kindness. (imply, convey)""; ""His silence in response to your questions may connote that he's thinking it through before answering, or it might mean that he simply didn't hear you. (suggest, indicate)""; ""I don't understand how the word ""lady"" could have a negative connotation, but many feminists feel it does. (suggestion, insinuation) noun"" --> When ideas are connoted, they are not directly stated, but rather implied. Some words give an automatic association of ideas through common usage that are not explicit but implied. For example, the word "hearth" often connotes coziness and warmth. The related noun connotation refers to an implied meaning or insinuation. Connote is different from denote because to denote actually means ""to explicitly define."""

diffuse

"(v, adj) Spread widely, disseminate: ""The pollutants diffuse into the soil.""; ""Their ideas diffused quickly across Europe."" (verb) // dispersed, widely spread out, or wordy and going off-topic: ""His writing is diffuse and difficult to understand.""; ""The organization is large and diffuse."" (adj) /// ""Sarah diffused the sugar throughout the cake mix by blending it slowly. (dispersed, distributed) verb""; ""A lampshade will diffuse the bright glow of the light bulb. (scatter, lessen) verb""; ""His speech was long, diffuse, and without any central theme. (unfocused, rambling) adjective""; ""The customer service department was so diffuse that many customer complaints slipped through the cracks and were never addressed. (disorganized, unfocused) adjective"" --> Diffuse comes from the Latin word diffundere, ""to spread out."" It can take the meaning of lessening something, because as something is diffused (scattered or dispersed), its impact is lessened. It may also be used as an adjective, with the same meaning (spread out or scattered). Note the difference in pronunciation: when used as a verb, the ""s"" in diffuse is hard, like a ""z"" sound; as an adjective, the ""s"" takes on a soft sound. Note: Do not confuse diffuse with defuse. Defuse means ""to ease a difficult situation"" or ""defuse a bomb."""

banal

"Lacking freshness and originality; cliché / ordinary and not interesting, because of a lack of new or different ideas [= trivial]: ""conversations about the most banal subjects""; ""We need to come up with some better concepts for next week's presentation; everything we've thought of so far is totally banal. (trite, unoriginal)""; ""He thinks his ideas are creative and original, but I find them to be rather banal. (common, hackneyed(çok yenilenmiş, basmakalıp, bayat), obvious)""; ""The conversation at the party was so banal, I couldn't wait to leave. (dull, insipid)""; ""Most of what one sees on television these days is so banal, it makes you wonder if there are any intelligent and original writers any more. (insipid, hackneyed, unoriginal)"" --> The original meaning of banal was ""something common to all,"" which evolved into ""commonplace."" Use banal to describe anything that is boring because it is unoriginal or common (been done before). Banal is synonymous with trite and hackneyed. See detailed analysis at hackneyed. Banal is also synonymous with insipid, vapid, and prosaic. See a detailed analysis at insipid. For a memory trick, note how banal looks like ""ban al."" Al Gore (Democratic Presidential candidate) was known for being boring, and many people thought his ideas were banal (boring) and unoriginal. Many voters decided to ""ban Al"" from the Presidency for having banal (too common, unoriginal) ideas, and because they thought he was banal (boring)."