Quizzes 1 - 6

Cinnabar eye color is an X-linked, recessive characteristic in fruit flies. If a female having cinnabar eyes is crossed with a male having wild-type, red eyes, what percent of the F1 males will have cinnabar eyes?

100%

A man with normal vision who is a dwarf due to achondroplasia has children with a women with colorblindness who is of average height. Dwarfism caused by achondroplasia is autosomal dominant, and red-green color blindness is X-linked recessive. What proportion of their daughters are expected to be color-blind with achondroplasia?

3/4

An ion that consists of 7 protons, 6 neutrons, and 11 electrons has a net charge of _______.

4-

A sample of double-stranded DNA contains 42% cytosine. Approximately what percent of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

8%

When collecting data from genetic crosses, which gene pair is most likely to show the highest frequency of recombination?

A and G

Frederick Griffith heat-killed a culture of pathogenic bacteria. He split the sample and injected half of it into mice. The mice lived. He then mixed the other half with a living, nonpathogenic bacteria strain and injected the mixture into mice. The mice died. These results best support which of the following conclusions.

A substance had been transferred from pathogenic to nonpathogenic bacteria

Which of the following instructions contribute to a productive experimental design?

After only one condition between the control and the experimental condition

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Autotrophs produce their organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules, whereas heterotrophs obtain their organic molecules from compounds produced by other organisms

How does a noncompetitive inhibitor decrease the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

By binding to an allosteric site, thus changing the shape of the active site of the enzyme

Catalase is an enzyme that functions in human liver cells where the pH is approximately neutral. Which of the following graphs best reflects the activity profile of catalase from pH 5 to pH 9?

D

In E. coli, which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the 5' --> 3' direction?

DNA polymerase III

Which of the following statements best describes enzyme function?

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers

The accompanying figure shows the absorbance spectrum for a photosynthetic bacterium that appears purple. Which of the following wavelengths of light are maximally absorbed by this organism?

Green and yellow

Which of these is an example of inductive reasoning?

Hundreds of individuals of a species have been observed and all are photosynthetic; therefore, the species is photosynthetic

In which reactions of cellular respiration does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

In both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Which of the following is true about carbon?

It can form both polar and non polar bonds

Which of the following is true of oxygen that has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons?

It has an atomic number of 8

Which of the following statements best describes how a reducing agent in is chemically altered in a biological redox reaction?

It loses a hydrogen atom and loses potential energy

Which of the following is a quality of good scientific hypothesis?

It should be testable in a valid period of time

Which of the following molecules is the final electron acceptor for electrons from photosystem I?

NADP+

In E. coli, a mutation in a gene called dnaB prevents the helices from binding at the origin of replication. Which of the following events would you expect to occur as a result of this mutation?

No replication fork will be formed.

Following a scientific method, which of the following is the correct order of steps?

Observation --> Hypothesis --> Experiment --> Analysis --> Conclusion --> Communicate Results

A covalent bond is likely to be polar under which of the following conditions?

One of the atoms sharing electrons is more electronegative than the other atom

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living systems?

Photosynthesis

Ovalbumin, the egg white protein is denatured in scrambled egg. Which of the following is not affected?

Primary structure of ovalbumin

Which of the following statements accurately describes differences between DNA replication in prokaryotes and DNA replication in eukaryotes?

Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many.

Which of the following processes is directly associated with photosystem I?

Receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain

In which cellular structure are the enzymes of the Calvin cycle localized?

Stoma of the chloroplast

Which of the following statements best describes the conditions under which the Calvin cycle and cellular respiration occur in plants?

The Calvin cycle and cellular respiration both occur in the dark and the light

Which of the following statements best describes how addition of a catalyst will affect a chemical reaction?

The catalyzed reaction will have the same ΔG as the uncatalyzed reaction

What will happen to a red blood cell (RBC), which has an internal ion content of about 0.9%, if it is placed into a beaker of pure water (ion content = 0.0%)?

The cell will shrink because the water in the beaker is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm of the RBC

Which part of an amino acid gives it its unique identity?

The components of its side chain

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

The fish swam in a zigzag motion

Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a membrane based on the fluid mosaic model?

The membrane is composed of a fluid bilayer of phospholipids with embedded amphipathic proteins

Which of the following statements describes the interaction of water molecules with phospholipids?

The polar heads interact with water; the non polar tails do not

How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?

There's are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon and are supported by a large body of evidence; hypotheses typically address more specific issues

Which of the following statements correctly describes "saturated fats"?

They contain more hydrogen than unsaturated fats that consist of the same number of carbon atoms

Which of the following statements best explains the ability of CAM plants to synthesize sugars in the daytime while keeping their stomata closed to reduce water loss?

They fix CO2 into organic acids during the night

Which of the following claims is best supported using the graph?

Unplowed soil contains more earthworms than plowed soil

The force driving simple diffusion is __________, while the energy source for active transport is __________.

a concentration gradient; ATP hydrolysis

Which of the following examples describes a type of potential rather than kinetic energy?

a sucrose molecule

Which o the following functional groups gives amino acids their acidic character?

carboxyl

A decrease in entropy is associated with which of the following types of reaction?

dehydration

Which of the following terms best describes a chemical reaction for which ΔG is positive?

endergonic

Gene S controls the sharpness of spines in a type of cactus. Cacti with the dominant allele, S, have sharp spines, whereas homozygous recessive ss cacti have dull spines. Also, a second gene, N, determines whether or not cacti have spines. Homozygous recessive nn cacti have no spines at all. The relationship between genes S and N is an example of which of the following inheritance patterns?

epistasis

Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm of an adjacent cell through which of the following structures?

gap junctions

Which of the following sequences describes the path by which electrons move from high-energy to lower-energy molecules in aerobic respiration?

glucose --> NADH --> electron transport chain --> oxygen

Which of the following metabolic processes take pace in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis and fermentation

Refer to the following figure (first three rows of. the periodic table) to answer the question below.

helium

The product of the bicoid gene in Drosophilia is responsible for determining which of the following embryonic features or structures during development?

orientation of the anterior -posterior axis

Which of the following relationships among alleles of a single gene best explains the observation that a single change in the gene encoding α-keratin results in chickens with frizzled feathers, increased food consumption, higher heart rate and delayed sexual maturity?

pleiotropy

Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that the cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules?

proteins

Which of the following structures are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells?

ribosomes

A newly synthesized protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cells will generally follow which of the pathways listed below?

rough ER --> Glogi --> transport vesicle --> plasma membrane

In an experiment to test the hypothesis, "temperature controls sex determination in crocodile embryos" a researcher incubates crocodile eggs in incubators set at different temperatures. Which of the following correctly identifies the dependent and independent variables in the experiment?

sex is dependent, temperature is independent

Which of the following phenotypes is an example of polygenic inheritance?

skin pigmentation in humans

Which of the following types of molecules will diffuse through a cell membrane most readily?

small hydrophobic molecules

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is abundant in liver cells and primarily responsible for detoxification processes?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

The two molecules shown in the figures are best described as __________.

structural isomers

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic disorder that results in cellular accumulation of very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which of the following organelles is more likely defective in Tay-Sachs disease?

the lysosome

Which of the following parameters is most likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?

the ratio of surface area to volume of cytoplasm

Cytoplasmic determinants are best described as having which of the following characteristics?

they are maternal substances in the egg that influence the course of early development

The cloning of Dolly the sheep is an example of which of the following processes?

transfer of an adult cell's nucleus into an. enucleated sheep egg, followed by incubation in a surrogate