Quizzes 1 & 2 review

c) correlational study

A health psychologist measures people's blood pressure and at the same time has them fill out a questionnaire about their emotions. It is found that people who report more feelings of anger also have higher blood pressure. This study is a: a) randomized clinical trial b) cross-sectional study c) correlational study d) both b and c

c) Both of these variables occur together and at similar rates.

A researcher discovers a high positive correlation between intelligence and good health. What does this mean? a) One variable is the cause; the other variable is the effect. b) Both of these variables reciprocally influence each other. c) Both of these variables occur together and at similar rates. d) One variable will increase as the other variable decreases.

c) The ethnic group the person belongs to

Among factors influencing how people respond to medical symptoms, which of these is NOT classified as a personal factor?​ a) The amount of stress the person is under b) The person's personality traits c) The ethnic group the person belongs to d) The person's perception of his/her body

a) fewer; better; more

Art has a high income and Kenny has a low income. As Americans, Art is likely to experience _______ symptoms, report_____ health, and be _______likely to seek medical care than Kenny is.​ a) fewer; better; more b) more; worse; less c) fewer; worse; more d) ​more; better; less

a) They report fewer symptoms because stress contributes to these.

Better-educated individuals report experiencing less stress than those with less education. How does this relate to their health status? a) They report fewer symptoms because stress contributes to these. b) They report fewer symptoms because stress affects perceptions. ​ c) They report no difference because stress has little health impact. d) They report more symptoms because stress raises the awareness.

b) illness behavior

Edna waited almost 2 weeks after her sinuses started bothering her before she made the appointment to see her doctor. Making the appointment would be considered​ a) sick role behavior b) illness behavior c) psychotic behavior d) health-seeking behavior

d) the absence of disease.

In contrast to the biopsychosocial model, the biomedical model views health as: a) a positive condition. b) an incorporation of psychological and social factors. ​ c) a result of a combination of factors such as genetics, beliefs, and stress. d) the absence of disease.

d) ​design drug trials to enable doctors to find a drug to treat breast cancer.

Janelle, a health psychologist, could do any of the following tasks EXCEPT: a) offer alternatives to pharmacological treatments. b) provide behavioral interventions to treat physical disorders. c) design effective health communication to promote positive physical health. d) ​design drug trials to enable doctors to find a drug to treat breast cancer.

b) ​these procedures add to medical costs.

Most adults would profit from the techniques that hospitals use to prepare children for hospitalization. The main barrier to preparing all patients who undergo stressful medical procedures is that​ a) adults do not have the time for these procedures. b) ​these procedures add to medical costs. c) patients find the preparation as stressful as the procedures, so preparation adds to the overall stress of hospitalization. d) these procedures are not effective.

a) ​including emotional and psychological factors.

Psychosomatic medicine sees physical illnesses as​: a) ​including emotional and psychological factors. b) being attributable only to physiological causes. c) causing stress and subsequent organic illnesses. d) not real but imagined in some specific diseases.

d) If she is sufficiently anxious about coping with the symptoms

Sandra has Crohn's disease, which can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms. According to research findings, if Sandra is typical of most people, which factor will make her most likely to see a doctor?​ a) If she is experiencing the most severe instances of symptoms b) If her physical functioning is compromised by her symptoms c) ​If the quality of her life is sufficiently impaired by symptoms d) If she is sufficiently anxious about coping with the symptoms

b) biomedical

Sheldon Cohen's research on the common cold showcases that the ________ approach to understanding sickness and infection is inadequate. a) biopsychosocial ​ b) biomedical c) psychological d) biochemical

d) all of these.

The "nonperson" treatment that hospital patients experience arises from​: ​ a) the requirement that patients follow hospital routine. b) ​intentional efforts by hospitals to transfer control from patients to staff. c) physicians who do not care about their patients' well-being. d) all of these.

a) dualistic

The biomedical model of illness is: a) dualistic b) monistic c) all encompassing d) both a and b

c) Medicare.

To help people 65 years old and older, the United States Congress established​ a) the Health Maintenance Act. b) Medicaid. c) Medicare. d) the Dole/Clinton Act of 2001.

b) It may reduce care quality and raise costs for the insured.

What is possible about adverse outcomes from not having health insurance in America today?​ a) The only harm it causes is to the health of the uninsured. b) It may reduce care quality and raise costs for the insured. c) The only harm it causes is to overload emergency rooms. d) It may raise uninsured health crises, but not mortality risk.

d) ​Illnesses lasted for shorter times as results of all these causes.

What is true about the time frames of diseases 100 years ago in the United States? a) ​Illnesses lasted longer because fewer treatments existed then. b) Illnesses were shorter because sick people got well in weeks. ​c) Illnesses were shorter because sick people died within weeks. d) ​Illnesses lasted for shorter times as results of all these causes.

b) worse.

When diabetes patients viewed their illness as acute, rather than chronic, their illness management was a) better. b) worse. c) unchanged. d) better for a few months, then worse.

c) ​Preventing and treating infectious diseases have enabled predomination of chronic diseases.

Which of these most correctly describes changes in U.S. health and health care over the past century or so? a) Preventing and treating infectious diseases have decreased chronic diseases equally. ​b) Preventing and treating infectious diseases have reduced chronic disease, but not as much. c) ​Preventing and treating infectious diseases have enabled predomination of chronic diseases. d) Preventing and treating infectious diseases have had no effect at all upon chronic diseases.

b) Melvin is a 63-year-old owner of his own profitable business. He began to feel chest pains yesterday and is concerned.

Which of these people is most likely to seek health care?​ a) Mildred is 72 years old and simply does not feel well. She refers to her symptoms as "the crud." b) Melvin is a 63-year-old owner of his own profitable business. He began to feel chest pains yesterday and is concerned. c) Elmer is 68 years old, never married, and lives alone. For the past 2 years, Elmer has experienced "shortness of breath." d) Ida is 92 years old and feels fine. However, she is lonely and would "like to talk to someone about her health."