Quizzes from CHFD 3113
Which of the following are factors associated with family violence?
stress is closely related to family violence; families that are socially isolated tend to be experience more violence.
Sex education programs are more effective when:
taught through peer education.
Which ethnic group used Confucian training doctrine in their parenting style?
Asian American.
Which of the following ethnic groups are at highest risk for childhood obesity?
Caucasian and African Americans.
In ______ culture, children are seen as treasured gifts; infants are observed for several months an then named and given a gender role based on the characteristics observed by the family.
Native American.
Which child care arrangement is used most frequently by parents of preschool aged children?
day care.
Teen birth rate currently has:
decreased.
A dependency or an addiction often develops:
all of the above are correct.
Remarriage:
all of the above are correct.
Resources for family systems experiencing violence among members include:
all of the above are correct.
School-age children can be encouraged to develop good health habits when parents and other adults:
all of the above are correct.
Stepfathers:
all of the above are correct.
Stepmothers:
all of the above are correct.
Stepparents may offer stepchildren which of the following benefits?
all of the above are correct.
Support services available for assisting adolescent parents include:
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following are correct?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following are factors associated with family violence?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is a factor that can influence parenting behavior?
all of the above are correct.
This type of family typically brings together children who may have had different families of origin, and/or adults who have been married previously, or have children from previous relationships.
blended.
Coming out refers to:
disclosure of one's sexual orientation.
Which of the following types of regular medical care are not routinely recommended during a pregnancy?
genetic counseling.
At which stage of blended family formation is the new family at high risk of being dissolved via divorce?
mobilization.
The ideas that childhood is unique period in human development and that children need special attention and guidance from parents is more closely associated with which historical period?
modern, contemporary times.
Parenting styles should change when children reach adolescence to be:
more authoritative.
Which of the following applies to international adoptions?
none of the above is correct.
Which of the following does not apply to gender equal parenting roles?
none of the above is correct.
Which of the following is accurate regarding the parenting skills and abilities of adolescent mothers?
none of the above is correct.
Which of the following health care professionals are allowed to deliver babies:
obstetrician; nurse-midwife.
Family systems theory describes family functioning in a way that resembles:
other systems in nature, such as the solar system and ecological systems.
The biggest difficulty in a blended family arises in:
parenting children from former marriages.
Parenting a school-age child differs from parenting a preschooler in which of these ways?
parents have greater expectations for a child's behavior; parents use more psychological methods than physical methods of caregiving.
Boomerang kids are associated with:
renested families.
Parenting is described as:
a developmental role.
A responsible father is one who:
all of the above are correct.
Parents can promote brain development in their infant by:
all of the above are correct.
Parents express nurturance for their infant by:
all of the above are correct.
Parents introduce socialization experience to preschool children. These might include:
all of the above are correct.
Parents of adolescents provide structure and nurturance when they:
all of the above are correct.
Parents who wish to change the nature of their relationship with an adult child that is characterized by prolonged dependency:
all of the above are correct.
Remarriages usually take place:
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following characterize prenatal development?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following characterizes abusive parents?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following characterizes single-parent families headed by men?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following characterizes single-parent families headed by women?
all of the above are correct.
Which goal of misbehavior would probably be a part of a youngest child's life plan
attention getting.
A parent's parenting style is influenced by:
attitudes about discipline, past experiences, family ecological factors.
This style of parenting emphasizes the development of autonomy in a child with reasonable limits:
authoritative.
The majority of teen fathers can be described as:
believing contraception is the responsibility of the woman.
Parent-adolescent relations are consistently found to be best when:
decisions are perceived by both as being consistent and collaborate.
Which of the following are characteristics of the parent-child relationship?
it is a microenvironment found within a family group or system; parenthood is a developmental role.
When the family decides that a child telling the family that he or she is gay becomes a family crisis this is called:
phase of disorganization.
Parents introduce socialization experiences to children when they are:
preschoolers.
Teen pregnancy has been on the decline due to:
wider use of contraceptives among the sexually active.
What is the leading cause of death in children?
unintentional injuries.
Which of the following is accurate regarding Attention Deficit Disorder?
a competent family therapist can help parents an families deal with a child member with this condition.
The systemic family development model emphasizes:
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is accurate regarding the nature of discipline?
all of the above are correct.
Eating disorders:
are observed more commonly among adolescent girls than boys; are responsive to intervention and therapy.
Parents can strengthen attachment by:
being caring and responsive.
Cognitive conceit:
causes school-age children to reach illogical conclusions.
Which of the following applies to African American families?
child-rearing practices are more similar to than different from other ethnic minorities; economic pressures are some of the greatest obstacles to effective parenting.
Which of the following is not accurate about single-parent families?
children experience greater adjustment challenges and are harmed emotionally by the experiences relating to parental divorce.
Which of the following is not accurate regarding binuclear families?
children have greater adjustment problems with school work if they are forced to live in binuclear families.
Which of the following is not a model of family violence proposed by researchers?
cross-cultural.
Which of the following is not a cultural influence factor on parenting behavior?
political values.
Which type of adoption typically takes place through an agency licensed for placing children for adoption?
public.
The Declaration of the Rights of the Child was written by:
the United Nations.
In meeting the needs of preschoolers, parents should:
understand that they have small appetites; be supportive; childproof their home.
The period of infancy ends when child reaches:
1 year of age.
Although most learning disabilities interfere with a child's education, children who are diagnosed _____ have been found to be at high risk of failure in their educational experiences.
ADD.
Which of the following diseases are known to be transmitted from mother to unborn child?
German measles; HIV/AIDS.
A mother should not breastfeed her child if she has ____ due to risk of transmission.
HIV.
A person seeking adoption should be aware that the process almost always includes:
a background check of the parents and their suitability to adopt.
Which of the following is not an observed, anticipated effect of parental divorce on preschool-age children?
a feeling of being responsible for causing the parents' divorce.
The process of acquiring a second culture, layered on top of the first or integrated with the first is called:
acculturation.
A child's secure attachment in infancy is manifested in early childhood by:
all of the above are correct.
A couple's difficulties in adjusting to first-time parenthood are related to:
all of the above are correct.
Accidents involving young children:
all of the above are correct.
Adolescent mothers might anticipate which of the following as a consequence of becoming a parent?
all of the above are correct.
Adolescents react to parental divorce by:
all of the above are correct.
Appropriate guidance methods for working with young children include:
all of the above are correct.
Divorce can affect a teenager in which way?
all of the above are correct.
Mothers who are lesbian:
all of the above are correct.
Negative reactions of adults to the news of a new pregnancy may be attributed to:
all of the above are correct.
Single-parent families offer members:
all of the above are correct.
Some believe marriage to be a solution to a teenage pregnancy, but studies show:
all of the above are correct.
Teenagers are thought to struggle with addiction disorders because:
all of the above are correct.
Teenagers may be more sexually active than in the past because:
all of the above are correct.
Teenagers may not use contraceptives because:
all of the above are correct.
The ability of a blended family system to experience healthy adjustment to new patterns, roles, and status appears to be depended on:
all of the above are correct.
The family crisis of a child's disclosure of a diverse sexual orientation begins to be resolved when:
all of the above are correct.
The strength of a family system's interpretation of a child's disclosure of an LGBT orientation as a crisis relates to:
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following concepts from family systems theory may be observed in single-parent families?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following factors are associated with the decision to adopt a child or to place a child for adoption?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following has been found to contribute to strengths of blended family systems?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following increases the likelihood that a boy will become a teen father?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a blended family systems?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is a role assigned to children to enable an unhealthy family system to maintain homeostasis?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is/are example/s of a stressor/s that can affect each generation of a family having adolescents?
all of the above are correct. see snapshot page 234-235.
Children who show academic achievement and success are more likely to have parents who use:
an authoritative parenting style.
Concrete operational thinking comes with middle childhood. During this stage a child should be able to:
apply rules they have learned to make behavior decisions.
Which of the following are methods of medically assisted conception?
artificial insemination by donor; surrogate motherhood.
The parent-child relationship is currently viewed as a bond that is both:
bidirectional and developmental.
In single headed father households:
boys are more likely to live with a custodial father than girls.
Determinants of LGBT can be seen in the areas of:
brain structure.
In the ABC-X model of family crisis management, children disclosing their sexual orientation as being LGBT to their parents is under:
category X.
The stage of cognitive development that is experienced in middle childhood is referred to as:
concrete operations.
In meeting the needs of infants and toddlers, parents should:
decide whether to breast-or-bottle-feed; provide well-baby care.
There has been a/n _____ in the number of adolescent girls who become pregnant in the United States in recent years.
decline.
____ is expressed when a parent determines what a child needs and responds to those needs in loving ways that generate a sense of trust within the child.
responsive, assertive, and supportive care.
All of the following exercises are recommended for pregnant women except:
rock climbing.
Because women continue to bear the principal household maintenance responsibilities in addition to holding a job outside the home this often can lead to:
role strain.
At which age do children appear to have greater difficulties in the relationship with a stepmother?
school-age; adolescence.
Certain drugs are considered to have teratogenic effects on a developing baby. This means that:
they can cause birth defects.
Which of the following does not apply to teen fathers?
they have usually only had a one-night stand with the girl they impregnate.
International children are sometimes not educated because:
they live in countries or areas or war.
"You" messages are considered to be negative ways for handling conflicts because:
they lower children's self-esteem by attacking their character rather than their behavior; they are attacks on a child's behavior.
People become foster parents because:
they probably were foster children themselves; they genuinely want to help children in difficult circumstances.
Which of the following applies to heterosexism?
this is the irrational fear, or dislike, for homosexuality or homosexuals.
Which of the following is more accurate regarding family violence?
violence among family members is directed at both children and adults.
Social referencing is defined as:
when infants look to their parents' faces as a means of obtaining informational cues.
Which of the following is not a part of a grandparent's role?
have legal rights to see grandchildren in most states.
A protective factor in a family setting:
helps minimize risk of impact of bad parenting.
Parental behavior that provides neither appropriate structure nor nurturance for preschoolers includes:
all of the above are correct.
Parental behaviors that provide neither structure nor nurturance for school-age children include:
all of the above are correct.
Problems often encountered by stepfathers include:
all of the above are correct.
School-age children may steal others' belongings because:
all of the above are correct.
There are several ways that a family system loses the functions and presence of one of the adults in the family. These include:
all of the above are correct.
When adults are experiencing divorce, it is helpful to children if the adults:
all of the above are correct.
When compared with heterosexual fathers, fathers who are gay have been found:
all of the above are correct.
When parents divorce, their relationship is transformed rather than completely terminated in ways that include:
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following applies to same-sex (lesbian) family dynamics?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following apply to group-care programs for infants?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following are characteristics of prenatal development?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following are characteristics of prepared childbirth?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following are consequences for the child who is born to adolescent parents?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following are issues relating to children of mothers who are lesbian?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following are not recommended during a woman's pregnancy?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following are possible reactions of parental divorce observed among school-age children?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following characterize blended family from other family forms?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is accurate regarding an infant or toddler's sleep?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is accurate regarding the use of structure with infants and toddlers?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is an appropriate toy or play equipment for preschool-age children?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following would act as a stressor for families with infants or toddlers?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following would qualify as a stressor affecting families having preschool age children:
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following applies to parenting young adults?
dependencies between parents and adult children continue but in an altered form; one of the greatest challenges is transforming the parent-child relationship into more like an adult-adult relationship.
Which of the following applies regarding drug use during pregnancy?
drugs should be taken by a pregnant woman only with medical advice.
Which of the following is not a common behavior problem of early childhood?
dyslexia.
______ is one of the most powerful instruments for reducing poverty and inequality.
education.
Advantages of joint custody include:
fewer problems in securing father's cooperation in meeting financial-support agreements.
Which of the following components of an expectant mother's diet is associated with reducing the likelihood of spinal cord defects in a developing baby prior to its birth?
folic acid.
The ______ model of family violence proposes that neglectful parents, for a number of reasons, fail to process behavioral cues appropriately about children's need to be cared for.
information-processing.
Sexual orientation:
is established by most individuals during adolescence; is influenced by genetic, biological and environmental factors beginning before birth.
Which of the following is not characteristic of early childhood?
it is a time when growth rate increase significantly.
All of the following describe the prenatal period except:
it is the period with the highest risk of SIDS.
The majority of pregnant teens:
keep the baby to full term and give birth.
A characteristic of current families is:
less extended family support.
Most people in America believe the idea of a dual income family:
makes life more satisfying.
Which of the following applies to fathers who are gay?
many men who are fathers and who are gay have difficulty establishing this identity; few differences can be found in the parenting styles and abilities of men who are gay and fathers who are heterosexual.
Adult children who wish to fully individuate from their family of origin and affect change in their relationship with their parents:
may find assistance in doing so through psychotherapy or participation in support groups; may expect parents to resist their attempts to change the relationship.
The period between the ages of 6 and 12 is considered:
middle childhood.
Which of the following does not apply to characteristics of adult child caregivers of elderly parents?
most are the youngest sons of their parents.
Which of the following does not apply to fathers who are gay?
most fathers who are gay became married to hide their true sexual orientation.
Which of the following applies to renested family systems?
most of these families involve young adult male children; if a young adult grows pup in a stepfamily it is less likely that he or she will return to this system following the individuation process.
Which of the following applies to issues involving parenting adolescents?
parents will need to adapt their parenting style to meet the needs of each individual adolescent child; parents will need to master walking the fine line between supporting a teen's efforts to individuate and maintaining particular limits to their behavior.
The proper way to put your infant to sleep includes:
placing the baby on its back to sleep.
The risk and resilience model emphasizes:
positive early experiences lay a foundation for healthy development.
Which of the following is a risk factor for fragile families?
poverty.
A duty of a childbirth coach or doula is to:
provide emotional support to a woman giving birth.
A childbirth coach or doula can provide the following as a benefit to a new mother:
provide social, emotional, and physical support; help in making a positive impact on the new mother's experiences in the first days following birth.
Which of the following are effects of parental divorce that are observed among preschool-age children?
regressive behaviors; aggressive behavior toward others.
Which of the following is correct about the importance of mothering or nurturing an infant?
research reports that infants need soft, comforting, nurturance sensations provided by their caregiver for healthy development; early experiences in nurturing lay the foundation for love experiences late in life.
The stage of cognitive development that is experienced in infancy is labeled:
sensorimotor.
Which of the following is accurate regarding sexual orientation?
sexual orientation is determined by several interacting factors that are increasingly being researched to gain greater understanding.
A woman is more likely to get remarried based on these factors:
she is Caucasian.
A preschool age child might begin to experience lapses in toilet training when:
sick; frightened; some significant change in the home environment.
Which of the following best describes the sociological model of family violence?
social values and attitudes about violence shape violent behavior.
The process of transmitting cultural attitudes, beliefs, values, and social rules is known as:
socialization.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of cognitive development in early childhood?
solving mathematical problems.
Child abuse is defined as:
someone knowingly fails to prevent serious harm to a child.
Which of the following is not accurate regarding stepparent roles?
stepmothers have better relationships with adolescents than with preschool-age children.
Which of these best describes the Lost Child role observed among children affected by parents with a dependency or addiction?
the child is expected to act as though they were invisible.
Parenting behavior primarily changes when children reach middle childhood because of:
the child's new development needs and abilities.
Which of the following is accurate?
the overwhelming majority of perpetrators of sexual abuse, molestation, and incest are heterosexual men who are family members of their victims.
Which of the following is not a consequence of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood?
the socioeconomic status of the father.
Teens who choose to put their babies up for adoption tend to be:
their families have higher incomes.
Which of the following applies to children of fathers who are gay?
there are no valid, scientifically derived date proving that children are harmed in any way by having a father who is gay.
Which of the following is not characteristic of African American families?
there is a greater likelihood that a child will be raised by a single-parent father.
Which of the following is accurate regarding negotiable rules?
these can be discussed; these my be changed.
Which of the following is not an effect of medications used in delivery?
these enhance body mechanisms such as the child's respiration, heart rate, and so on.
Which of the following applies to families of choice?
these families are formed on mutually agreed conditions such as mutual interests, emotional support, compatibility, and caring.
Which of the following apples to teen fathers?
they appear to be overwhelmed by the girl's pregnancy and don't know how to act or react appropriately.
An adult acquires a dependency or an addiction because:
they seek psychological relief from pain experienced because of feelings low self-esteem; they develop an unhealthy relationship with a substance or an experience that interferes with successful intimate relationships.
Teen mother educational programs try to:
use the child in a parenting class to observe their behavior and development.
Which of the following is accurate regarding attachment during infancy?
when an infant fails to attach properly to caregivers, the consequences are damaging to his or her emotional, physical, social, and psychological well-being; attachment is constructed through interactions of an infant with primary caregivers.
Who based his theory on emphasis on mental and thinking abilities which parallel physical development of the child?
Piaget.
As individuals enter the years of early adulthood society has certain expectations of behavior that include:
all of the above are correct.
Blended family systems have been found to make a successful adjustment if:
all of the above are correct.
Children who are abused may be characterized as:
all of the above are correct.
Cognitive changes in early childhood may be characterized by:
all of the above are correct.
Coming out or the disclosure of an LGBT orientation by a family member:
all of the above are correct.
Coparenting arrangements following divorce tend to perpetuate the adults' relationship although in an altered form that may be characterized by:
all of the above are correct.
Culture allows its cultural group to:
all of the above are correct.
Current research is focusing on certain aspects of the family which includes:
all of the above are correct.
Elder care typically may include:
all of the above are correct.
Enrichment activities for infants and toddlers include:
all of the above are correct.
Factors that influence the use of contraception include:
all of the above are correct.
Family systems often react to children with special needs by:
all of the above are correct.
Good parenting begins with learning about one's pregnancy. Good parental care prior to a child's birth includes:
all of the above are correct.
How does divorce affect adults?
all of the above are correct.
Individuation from the family of origin:
all of the above are correct.
Infancy may be characterized as:
all of the above are correct.
Limitations of the use of assisted reproductive technologies include:
all of the above are correct.
Men's satisfaction with being a stepparent is related to:
all of the above are correct.
Prolonged dependencies between parents and adult children occur because:
all of the above are correct.
Proper nutrition continues to concern parents of school-age children because:
all of the above are correct.
Reactions of teenagers to parental divorce include:
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following should a woman avoid when she is pregnant?
all of the above are correct.
What is the term for adolescents believing that they are the center of everyone's attention?
imaginary audience.
Which of the following are examples of assisted medical reproductive technology available today to couples with fertility problems?
in vitro fertilization; surrogate motherhood.
Which theory explains how learning can occur when there is no visible reinforcer or reward?
Social Learning Theory.
Which program helps educate young persons in underserved schools?
Teach for America.
What percentage of US women work outside the home with children under the age of 18?
a little over 70%
Which of the following best defines a child with special needs?
an individual who has some developmental difficulty, illness or exceptionality that places them at a disadvantage when compared with others or requires extraordinary attention in order to meet needs.
Childbirth may be managed medically via _____ administered to the mother.
analgesics.
Regarding sex education for preschoolers, parents should:
answer all questions of this nature as factually as possible and avoid expressions of embarrassment about the topic.
Which of the following applies as a meaning given to the role of parent?
becoming a parent meets a moral obligation to procreate; parenthood is a statement of one's sexual identity and capability.
A basic concept of behavior modification is:
behavior is a function of its consequences.
Which of the following often predicts successful blended family formation?
dismantling the boundaries between the former single-parent family system and the new stepfamily system; allocating the responsibility of disciplining children to the biological parent with the help of the stepparent.
Entropy is defined as:
disorder or chaos in effective family functioning that results from lack of input or information from outside the system.
The dilemma of a man who is gay and a father is called:
divided personal identity.
In a family in which one or more parents are addicted to something the families make strict rules on their children. Which of the following is one of these rules?
do not feel anything, because this will destroy the integrity of the family.
Prosocial behaviors include:
empathy; comforting others when they are hurt; sharing one's belongings.
There are seven models that explain why violence happens in a family, the patriarchy model:
emphasizes that violence occurs in families due to the traditional social dominance of adult males.
The ecological theory is helpful in:
emphasizing the role of different environments in influencing a family system's functioning.
Children are believed to have influence in which of the following areas of adult's lives?
employment status; family financial resources; parental health.
The concept that families share common goals but reach these goals in different ways is called:
equifinality.
Which of the following is a developmental landmark of early childhood?
experiencing a high degree of egocentrism in thought processes; learning quickly; having all primary teeth erupted.
Which of the following is not observed in the evolution of a dependency or an addiction?
experimenting with the dosage level.
Many toddlers develop a resistance to going to bed or remaining there. This is considered to be due to:
expressing their growing sense of autonomy or developing a fear of the dark.
The name for the family formation of same-sex couples is called:
families of choice.
Which of the following is a factor that influences parenting style and behavior?
family ecology; family of origin experiences; cultural influences.
The dominant type of therapy family therapists use is:
family systems theory.
The awareness stage of the model of blended family formation includes:
reorganization and identification of confused feelings.
Which of the following is accurate?
repeated injuries to children may indicate that they are being physically abused.
Bedtime baths, reading stories, or quiet play are some examples of:
sleeping hygiene routines.
Which of the following applies to feeding an infant?
the decision on whether to breast vs. bottle feed should be discussed and agreed upon by both parents; there are indications given by a baby when it appears to be ready to take solid food.
Certain environmental agents or conditions can harm the healthy development of a baby during pregnancy. These have their greatest and most detrimental effects during the _____ of pregnancy.
the embryonic stage.
If a family system uses healthy means for coping with and resolving the crisis of a child's disclosure of a diverse sexual orientation, the ABC-X model predicts:
the family's functioning may return of a level greater than that existing before the child's disclosure; the family's functioning may return to the level existing before the child's disclosure.
Which of the following is an understated, inappropriately phrased "I" message?
"I think it's time for us to leave now, so you need to be a nice boy and put away your toys."
When a child's behavior is a problem to a part, PET proposes that parents use:
"I" messages.
According to Erikson, the sense of initiative is experienced during which time of the life span?
3-6 years.
Suicide is the ______ leading cause of death in adolescence.
3rd.
Ecological perspective is similar to:
Bronfenbrenner's systems theory.
In 2010 close to 75% of ______ children lived with two married parents.
Caucasian.
Which of the following applies?
Children's academic success often improves when teachers and parents work together for this goal.
_____ occurs when parents increasingly use psychological methods to help children achieve a higher level of self-control.
Coregulation.
Ineffective parental disciplinary methods include:
behaviors that are inconsistent; low parental supervision.
Which of the following is correct regarding individualism within a culture?
people are encouraged to exercise personal freedoms such as speech and assembly; the person is valued as well as what the person can accomplish on their own.
Which is the term used interchangeably with blended families?
stepfamily.
Which is correct finding of research on first-time parenthood?
most people experience stress with this event but eventually make adaptations that reduce the level of stressfulness for the entire family.
Historically speaking, a child's principal teacher was thought to be his or her:
parents.
When a family system is unable to make a successful adaptation or transition in relation to a stressor, the group experiences a:
snag point.
Meanings ascribed to the parenthood role relate to:
all of the above are correct.
People need training and education about parenthood because:
all of the above are correct.
Problems of urban Native American Indian family systems include:
all of the above are correct.
When applied to parent-child relations, learning theory implies:
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following applies to Asian American families?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following are accurate in reference to the nature of reinforcement?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following are contemporary trends in childrearing, parenting, or parent-child relations?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is accurate regarding marriage trends in the United States?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is accurate regarding the factors that influence someone's parenting style and behavior?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is an example of a stressor affecting family functioning?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following is an outcome that may occur from becoming a parent for the first time?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following may explain why children are adopted?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following occurs to men and women when they become parents?
all of the above are correct.
Which of the following applies to the nature of parent-child relations in adoptive families?
children in all-adoptive families generally measure lower on social and personal adjustment than children in natural families; the transition to parenthood may be more difficult in adoptive families.
Which of the following is accurate regarding Vygotsky's views on parental behavior?
children learn best when parents model problem-solving skills.
An individualistic culture values:
children to participating in decision making.
The no-lose method of problem resolution is synonymous with:
compromise.
Which family theory explains how everyday functioning takes place in a family:
family systems theory.
One trend that has been noted in recent years among those who experience poverty is:
increases in the number of women and children who live at or below poverty level.
Which of the following defines the concept of reciprocal interaction or feedback in family systems theory?
individuals within a family system influence one another's actions and behavior.
The concept that anything that affects one person in a family also affects every other person in the family to some degree is referred to as:
interdependence.
When Tommy and Susy's dad became ill with a chronic disease, he was discharged from his job and became eligible for disability pay. Because their mother did not work, the family's income level fell dramatically, and the children helped by cutting back on their after-school activities like piano and karate lessons. This example scenario illustrates which concept from family systems theory?
interrelatedness.
Multicultural competence:
is a general aspirational orientation that can be fostered and strengthened with knowledge about and comfort with the implications of cultural difference.
When foster care is provided by the child's relative it is called:
kinship care.
Which of the following parenting conditions and rules reflects unhealthy approaches to children's discipline?
marshmallowing, rigidity, criticism.
Parenthood is considered to be a developmental role because of:
parenting behavior should change and adapt in tandem with changing developmental needs of children.
Someone may be inhibited or helped in their psychosocial development by:
parents.
This type of parent is not interested in being viewed by a child as an authority figure or as an ideal person to be imitated; rather, this parent wishes to be seen as a resource the child can us for learning about the world.
permissive.
What are the "three R's" of Hispanic family values?
personal relationships, respect, and responsibility.
Which of the following is not accurate regarding the nature of a disciplinary program?
physical punishment such as banking is a necessary component of such a program.
_______ increases the likelihood that a particular behavior will occur again.
positive reward.
Nurture is described as:
relating to those parenting behaviors intended to meet a child's need for unconditional love.
Which type of parenting program focuses most on listening and communication skills and focus on the relationship?
relationship-based parenting programs.
Assertive care is distinguished from supportive care by:
responding to children in interactions with them; determining what children need when they are not yet capable of doing so themselves.
The consistent, reliable pattern or plan of interaction with the environment that cognition is based on are:
schemes.
Which of the following is not a type of adoption available to adults in the United States?
semi-closed.
Structure in childrearing refers to:
showing children how to set and maintain personal boundaries; teaching children about family values and ethics.
Family ecology refers to:
the dual influence between families and society; the influence of various factors or environments that exist outside families that influence their forms and functioning.
The democratic strategy of Driekurs and colleagues can be distinguished from other strategies in its emphasis on:
the family council as a means of establishing rules and policies; the use of logical consequences to teach children to be responsible for their actions.
The median income of families in the United States has increased due to:
the greater numbers of married women who have entered the work force.
In the logical vs. natural consequences strategy:
the responsibility of the choice of behavior on child.
Cognition refers to:
the ways we come to know our environments.
Which of the following is not accurate regarding births in the United States?
there has been a significant decline in the number of male infants born in the United States in recent years.
A child needs _____ in respect to parenting:
to feel valued by parents and a few significant adults.
Behavior modification emphasizes:
use of positive reinforcement of children's appropriate behavior; use of reinforcement immediately following a particular act that is desired.