RAD SEMINAR REVIEW: VERTEBRAL COLUMN & PELVIS
intervertebral foramina
Spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through the: vertebral arch. vertebral notches. vertebral foramen. intervertebral foramina.
70 to 75
The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane? 45 90 15 to 20 70 to 75
synovial, gliding
The zygapophyseal joints of the vertebral column are classified as: synovial, gliding. synovial, pivot. synovial, ellipsoidal. cartilaginous, symphysis.
Obturator foramen
What is the name of the large foramen in the innominate bone? Answers: A. Foramen ovale B. Foramen magnum C. Obturator foramen D. Pelvic foramen
Pia mater
What is the name of the meningeal layer that is closest to the spinal cord? Answers: A. Pia mater B. Dura mater C. Arachnoid D. Subarachnoid
Body
What is the name of the most anterior portion of a thoracic vertebra? Answers: A. Body B. Lamina C. Vertebral arch D. Spinous process
Pharynx
Which of the following serves as a passage for both food and air? Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus
flex the hips and knees
Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an AP thoracic spine? 1. Flex the hips. 2. Flex the knees. 3. Flex the cervical spine.
flex the hips and knees
Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for the AP projection? 1. Flex the hips. 2. Flex the knees. 3. Flex the elbows.
thoracic, sacrum and coccyx
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve? 1. Thoracic 2. Lumbar 3. Sacrum and coccyx
cervical and lumbar
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve? 1. Cervical 2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar
Longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS
Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint? Midcoronal plane Midsagittal plane Longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS Longitudinal plane 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS
45 degree oblique
Which position/projection is necessary to demonstrate the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine? Answers: A. AP B. 45 degree oblique C. 90° lateral D. Odontoid
Zygapophyseal joints
A 45° oblique of the lumbar spine is used to visualize which of the following? Answers: A. Intervertebral spaces B. Intervertebral foramina C. Zygapophyseal joints D. Bodies
Jefferson
A comminuted fracture of the ring of C1 is termed a _____ fracture. Answers: comminuted Jefferson hangman's clay shoveler's
hangman's
A fracture of the anterior arch of C2 due to hyperextension is termed a _____ fracture. Pott's Jefferson hangman's clay shoveler's
Lateral thoracic spine
A long exposure time (breathing technique) is useful for which of the following positions/projections? Answers: A. AP cervical spine B. 70 oblique thoracic spine C. Lateral thoracic spine D. Open mouth
body and vertebral arch
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts? 1. Body 2. Lamina 3. Vertebral arch
Intervertebral
All of the joints of the vertebral column are synovial—freely movable—except one. Which joint is not? Intervertebral Zygapophyseal Costovertebral Costotransverse
kyphosis
An abnormal increase in the convexity of the thoracic spine is termed: scoliosis. spondylosis. lordosis. kyphosis.
lordosis
An abnormally increased concavity of the lumbar spine is termed: lordosis. kyphosis. scoliosis. scoliokyphosis.
parallel with the interiliac line
An alternate method of positioning the central ray for the L5-S1 lateral projection is: parallel with the interiliac line. perpendicular to the interiliac line. parallel with the midsagittal plane. perpendicular to the midcoronal plane.
Iliac crest
At what level is the cassette centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine? Answers: A. A.S.I.S. B. Symphysis pubis C. Iliac crest D. First lumbar
25 degrees
How much must the body be rotated for an oblique position of the sacroiliac joints? Answers: A. 15° B. 25° C. 45° D. 70°
70 degrees
How much must the patient be obliqued in order to visualize the zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine? Answers: A. 30° B. 45° C. 70° D. 90°
intervertebral disks
One fourth of the length of the vertebral column is made up of the: vertebral bodies. intervertebral disks. transverse processes. intervertebral foramina.
laryngeal prominence
For the AP projection of the pharynx and larynx, the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the: thyroid cartilage. laryngeal prominence. cricoid cartilage. jugular notch.
anteriorly
For the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer's technique), the recommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is move anteriorly. posteriorly. medially. laterally.
Extended
How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction? Extended Flexed Externally rotated Internally rotated
In hyperextension
How is the neck positioned for the AP axial projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)? With the occlusal plane perpendicular to the image receptor With the occlusal plane parallel to the image receptor In hyperextension In hyperflexion
7
How many cervical vertebrae are there? Answers: A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 12
20 degrees cephalad
How many degrees and in what direction should the tube be angledfor an AP projection of the cervical spine? Answers: A. 20° cephalad B. 20° caudad C. 30° cephalad D. 30° caudad
three
How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra? one two three four
5
How many lumbar vertebrae are there? A. 5 B. 7 C. 12 D. 26
5
How many movable joints can be visualized in an AP radiograph of a pelvis? Answers: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
31
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? Answers: A.11 B. 21 C. 31 D. 41
12
How many thoracic vertebrae are there? Answers: A. 5 B. 7 C. 12 D. 24
10
How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulation with the tubercle of a rib? 7 8 10 12
24
How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column? 7 12 24 33
5
How many vertebrae are there in the sacrum? 3 4 5 3 to 5
33
How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column? 24 27 33 54
5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, caudad
If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled: 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, cephalad. 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, caudad. 8 degrees men, 12 degrees women, cephalad. 8 degrees men, 12 degrees women, caudad.
1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae
In order to visualize the dens, which of the following must be radiographed? Answers: A. Sacrum and coccyx B. 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae C. Lumbosacral junction D. Upper thoracic vertebrae
3 1/2 inches posterior and 2 inches inferior
In reference to the ASIS, where is the central-ray entrance for a lateral coccyx? 3 1/2 inches posterior and 2 inches inferior 3 1/2 inches anterior and 2 inches superior 2 inches posterior and 3 1/2 inches inferior 2 inches anterior and 3 1/2 inches superior
ala
On each side of the sacral base is a large winglike mass called the: ala. base. promontory. superior articular process.
10 degrees cephalad
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a PA projection of the coccyx. What is the central-ray angle for this projection? 10 degrees caudad 10 degrees cephalad 15 degrees caudad 15 degrees cephalad
15 degrees caudad
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a PA projection performed. What is the central-ray angle for this projection? 10 degrees caudad 15 degrees caudad 10 degrees cephalad 15 degrees cephalad
C1 and C2
Rotation of the skull takes place between which of the following cervical vertebrae? Answers: A. Cl and C2 B. C2 and C3 C. C4 and C5 D. C6 and C7
lamina
Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the _____ fail to unite posteriorly. arches bodies pedicles lamina
Posterior laminae not fusing
Spina bifida is caused by which of the following? Answers: A. Pedicles not fusing to the body B. Pedicles not fusing with the laminae C. Posterior laminae not fusing D. Laminae and transverse processes fuse
lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae
The Grandy method is a(n): lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region. AP/PA thoracolumbar spine. lateral thoracolumbar spine.
Femoral head
The acetabulum articulates with which of the following? Answers: A. Inferior articulating process B. Superior articulating process C. Transverse process D. Femoral head
25 to 30
The angle of the articulation between the sacrum and the ilia (the sacroiliac joints) is _____ degrees. 10 to 15 15 to 20 25 to 30 45 to 50
anterior
The articulating facet on the inferior articular process of the vertebrae is located on its _____ surface. posterior anterior superior inferior
posterior
The articulating facet on the superior articular process of the vertebrae is located on its _____ surface. inferior superior anterior posterior
facets
The articulating surfaces of the articular processes of the vertebrae are covered with fibrocartilage. These surfaces are called: facets. notches. foramens. tubercles.
zygapophyseal
The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the _____ joints. costovertebral costotransverse intervertebral zygapophyseal
0 to 30
The average range of the angle of the L1-L3 zygapophyseal joints are _____ degrees. 0 to 30 ? 0 to 35 15 to 45 45 to 60
45 to 60
The average range of the angle of the L4-S1 zygapophyseal joints are _____ degrees. 0 to 30 0 to 45 15 to 45 45 to 60
90
The intervertebral foramina of the superior four lumbar vertebrae are situated how many degrees from the midsagittal plane? 90 ? 15 to 20 30 to 50 70 to 75
lateral
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection? AP Lateral ? PA oblique AP oblique
90
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane? Answers: 45 90? 15 to 20 70 to 75
cartilaginous, symphysis
The intervertebral joints of the spinal column are classified as: fibrous, syndesmosis. cartilaginous, symphysis. synovial, gliding. synovial, pivot.
Central
The brain and the spinal cord make up which part of the nervous system? Answers: A. Sympathetic B. Autonomic C. Central D. Peripheral
herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)
The condition in which an intervertebral disk "slips" and protrudes into the vertebral canal is called: vertebrogenesis. spondylolysis. spondylolisthesis. herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP).
Ischium, pubis, ilium
The innominate bone is formed by the fusion of which three bones? Answers: A. Pubis, trochanter, pelvis B. Ilium, ischium, femur C. lleum, ischium, pubis D. Ischium, pubis, ilium
45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly
The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open: laterally. 45 degrees anteriorly. 70 degrees anteriorly. 45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly.
concave
The natural curve of the lumbar spine is classified as what type? Answers: A. Concave B. Convex C. Spondylotic D. Scoliotic
transverse foramen
The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the: transverse foramen. vertebral foramina. intervertebral foramina. inferior vertebral notch.
pars interarticularis
The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes on a typical lumbar vertebra is called the: transverse process. pars interarticularis. accessory process. mammillary process.
suspended respiration
The phase of respiration for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine is: shallow breathing. suspended respiration. full expiration. full inspiration.
full expiration
The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is: full expiration. full inspiration. suspended respiration. softly phonate "ah" during the exposure
suspended respiration
The respiration phase for an AP or PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine is: shallow breathing. suspended respiration. full inspiration. full expiration.
expiration
The respiration phase for the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine is: inspiration. expiration. suspended respiration. shallow breathing.
pharyngeal tonsil
The roof of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx contains a mass of lymphoid tissue known as the: thymus gland. thyroid gland. pharyngeal tonsil. epiglottis
pedicles
The short, thick processes that project posteriorly on each side of a vertebral body are called the: pedicles. laminae. transverse processes. spinous processes.
2nd lumbar
The spinal cord terminates at the level of which vertebra? Answers: A. 12th thoracic B. 2nd lumbar C. 5th lumbar D. 1st sacral
articular pillars
The superior and inferior articular processes of the cervical spine form thick columns called the: facets. laminae. pedicles. articular pillars.
vertebral foramen
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the: lamina. vertebral notch. vertebral foramen. intervertebral foramina.
dens and spinal cord
The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the: 1. dens. 2. facets. 3. spinal cord.
lateral
The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection? AP Lateral AP oblique PA oblique
30 t 50
The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine form an angle of how many degrees from the posterior midsagittal plane? 45 15 to 20 30 to 50 70 to 75
45
To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, MSP of the patient is rotated _____ degrees. 30 45 50 55
48
To reduce distortion of the intervertebral joint spaces of the lumbar spine for an AP projection, an SID of _____ inches is suggested. 36 40 48 72
Anterior superior iliac spine
What is the name of the bony landmark on the anterior portion of the iliac crest? Answers: A. Anterior trochanter B. Anterior superior tuberosity C. Anterior posterior iliac spine D. Anterior superior iliac spine
Atlantoaxial joint
What is the name of the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae? Answers: A. Cervical joint B. Cervical fusion C. Atlantoaxial joint D. Kyphotic joint
Symphysis pubis
What is the name of the joint between the two pubic bones? Answers: A. Acetabulum B. Hip joint C. Pelvic joint D. Symphysis pubis
Transverse processes
What are the lateral projections on a typical vertebra called? Answers: A. Spinous processes B. Articular processes C. Transverse processes D. Pedicles
Scoliosis
What is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine called? Answers: A. Lordosis B. Kyphosis C. Scoliosis D. Meiosis
Atlas
What is another name for the first cervical vertebra? Answers: A. Odontoid B. Arch C. Axis D. Atlas
axis
What is another name for the second cervical vertebra? Answers: A. Atlas B. Axis C. Dens D. Posterior arch
3 to 5 degrees caudad
What is the central-ray angle for an AP thoracic spine? 3 to 5 degrees caudad 3 to 5 degrees cephalad 5 to 7 degrees caudad 5 to 7 degrees cephalad
30 to 35 degrees cephalad
What is the central-ray angle for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction? 25 degrees cephalad 30 to 35 degrees cephalad 35 to 45 degrees cephalad 40 to 50 degrees cephalad
15 to 20 degrees caudad
What is the central-ray angle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? 45 degrees cephalad 45 degrees caudad 15 to 20 degrees cephalad 15 to 20 degrees caudad
10 to 15 degrees cephalad
What is the central-ray angulation for the lateral projection of the thoracic spine if the vertebral column is not elevated to a horizontal plane? 3 to 5 degrees caudad 3 to 5 degrees cephalad 10 to 15 degrees caudad 10 to 15 degrees cephalad
2 inches lateral to the elevated ASIS and 2 inches above the iliac crest
What is the central-ray centering point for an AP oblique lumbar spine? At MSP at the level of the ASIS 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS at the level of the iliac crest 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS and 1 to 1/2 inch above the iliac crest 2 inches lateral to the elevated ASIS and 2 inches above the iliac crest
Spondylolisthesis
What is the forward slipping of a vertebra called? Answers: A. Cholelithiasis B. Spondylolisthesis C. Scoliosis D. Slipped disk
Ischial tuberosity
What is the most inferior portion of the pelvis called? Answers: A. Ischial spine B. Symphysis pubis C. Ischial tuberosity D. Inferior rami of the pubic bones
Vertebral foramen
What is the name of the opening through which the spinal cord passes? Answers: A. Vertebral foramen B. Intervertebral foramen C. Transverse foramen D. Obturator foramen
Inferior articulating process
What is the name of the process that projects downward from the base of the transverse process? Answers: A. Pars interarticularis B. Inferior articulating process C. Spinous process D. Lamina
Dens
What is the name of the process that projects upward from the body of the second cervical vertebra? Answers: A. Spinous B. Dens C. Transverse D. Superior
Intervertebral disk
What is the name of the spongy pad that lies between the vertebrae? Answers: A. Spinous disk B. Intervertebral disk C. Herniated disk D. Intralumbar disk
Iliac crest
What is the name of the upper, curved border of the ilium called? Answers: A. Ischial tuberosity B. Iliac crest C. Iliac spine D. Anterior superior iliac spine
Dura mater
What is the outer meningeal layer of the spinal cord called? Answers: A. Dura mater B. Pia mater C. Arachnoid D. Subarachnoid
Vertebral arch
What is the posterior, bony ring of a typical vertebra called? Answers: A. Pedicle B. Lamina C. Vertebral body D. Vertebral arch
Eliminates spine distortion
What is the purpose of having the patient flex his knees for an AP projection of the lumbar spine? Answers: A. Better visualization of disk spaces B. Intervertebral foramen seen better C. Eliminates spine distortion D. More comfortable
Thyroid cartilage
What is the technical name for the "Adam's apple." Answers: A. Pharynx B. Larynx C. Epiglottis D. Thyroid cartilage
wedge
What type of compensating filter is suggested for the AP projection of the thoracic spine? Wedge Double wedge Trough Boomerang
Convex
What type of natural curve is found in the thoracic spine Answers: A.Concave B. Convex C. Scoliotic D. Myoptic
1 1/2 inches
When only the lumbar vertebrae (not lumbosacral) are imaged in the AP projection, the central ray is directed _____ inches above the iliac crests. 1 1/2 inches 2 inches 3 inches 2 to 3 inches
4
When viewed from the side, the vertebral column should present how many curves? 2 3 4 5
1 1/2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction? At the pubic symphysis 1 1/2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis 3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis At the level of the ASISs
2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum or coccyx? 2 inches at the pubic symphysis 1 inch inferior to the symphysis 1 inch at the pubic symphysis 2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
C7
Where does the central ray exit for the AP axial oblique projection to demonstrate the cervical spine pillars and laminae? C4 C5 C7 T2
C4
Where is the IR centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral projection of the cervical spine? C2 C3 C4 C7
C4
Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine (Grandy method)? C2 C3 C4 C7
C4
Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine? C2 C3 C4 C7
Tip of the mastoid process
Where is the center of the IR positioned for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method? Acanthion Mental point External acoustic meatus Tip of the mastoid process
T7
Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine? LEVEL OF _____: T5 T7 T9 T10
2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS
Where is the longitudinal plane of the lumbar spine positioned for the AP oblique projection? 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS 2 inches lateral to the elevated ASIS 2 inches medial to the lower ASIS 2 inches lateral to the lower ASIS
At right angles to the long axis of the body
Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine? Over the head Flexed in front of the thorax At right angles to the long axis of the body Variable, depending on body habitus
C2
Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis? To the Adams apple C1 C2 C4
1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders
Where should the superior edge of the IR/collimated field be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae? 1 inch above the shoulders 1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders 1 1/2 to 2 inches below the shoulders At the level of the shoulders
2 above iliac crest
Where should the top of the cassette be placed for an AP projection of the pelvis? Answers: A. Level of iliac crest B. Level of A.S.I.S. C. 2° above iliac crest D. Between iliac crest and symphysis
Sacrum
Which bone in the vertebral column is actually five separate vertebrae fused together? Answers: A. Sternum B. Sacrum C. Coccyx D. Innominate
Those farthest from the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? Those farthest from the IR Those closest to the IR Both sides equally demonstrated The inferior six closest to the IR
Those closest to the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? Those closest to the IR Those farthest from the IR Both sides are equally demonstrated The inferior side farthest from the IR
CT
Which is the most common imaging modality for examination of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx? Computed radiography CT MRI Nuclear medicine
Seventh
Which of the cervical vertebrae has the most prominent spinous process? Answers: A. First B. Third C. Fifth D. Seventh
lleum
Which of the following anatomical parts is not related to the others? Answers: A. Symphysis pubis B. Ischial spine C. Iliac crest D. lleum
15 degrees cephalad
Which of the following angles is required for an AP projection of the sacrum? Answers: A. 5° caudad B. 5° cephalad C. 15 caudad D. 15 cephalad
suspended respiration and quiet breathing
Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracic vertebrae? 1. Full inspiration 2. Suspended respiration 3. Quiet breathing
Subarachnoid space
Which of the following contains the cerebrospinal fluid? Answers: A. Dura mater B. Pia mater C. Arachnoid D. Subarachnoid space
AP, Dens
Which of the following describes the anatomy of interest for the Fuchs method? AP, dens AP, atlas and axis AP, cervicothoracic region Lateral, cervicothoracic region
2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1 1/2 inches below the iliac crest
Which of the following describes the central-ray centering point for the L5-S1 lateral projection? 2 inches posterior to the ASIS 3 inches posterior to the ASIS 2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1 1/2 inches below the iliac crest 2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 2 inches below the iliac crest
Transverse foramen
Which of the following is not a part of a typical lumbar vertebra? Answers: A. Body B. Spinous process C. Transverse foramen D. Inferior articulating process
Occlusal plane
Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the tabletop for the AP axial cervical vertebrae? Glabellomeatal line Orbitomeatal line Acanthiomeatal line Occlusal plane
AP oblique
Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine? AP Lateral AP oblique PA oblique
10 degrees caudad
Which of the following is the proper tube angle for an AP projection of the coccyx? Answers: A. 10°cephalad B. 10 caudad C. 25° cephalad D. 25° caudad
Female pelvis is broader
Which of the following is true concerning the differences between a male and female pelvis? Answers: A. Female pelvis is broader B. Female pelvis is narower C. Female pubic arch is less angled D. Female inlet is oval shaped
thyroid gland and parathyroid glands
Which of the following lies in the anterior neck? 1. Thyroid gland 2. Parathyroid glands 3. Thymus gland
A line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process
Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis? Glabellomeatal line Orbitomeatal line Acanthiomeatal line A line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process
Fuchs
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum? Grandy Fuchs Twining Pawlow
Ferguson
Which of the following methods is used to evaluate the thoracic and lumbar spine during scoliosis radiography? Pawlow Ferguson Twining Lindblom
Ottonello
Which of the following methods uses a chewing motion of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine in an AP projection? Ottonello Grandy Twining Fuchs
Vertebral artery
Which of the following passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae? Answers: A. Carotid artery B. Jugular vein C. Vertebral artery D. Subclavian artery
AP open mouth
Which of the following positions/projections is usually used to demonstrate the dens? Answers: A. AP B. AP open mouth C. 45 oblique D. Lateral
lateral
Which of the following positions/projections will best demonstrate the L5-SI joint? Answers: A. AP B. PA C. Oblique D. Lateral
Flexion and extension laterals
Which of the following positions/projections would be required to demonstrate the mobility of the cervical spine? Answers: A. Flexion and extension laterals B. Inversion and eversion obliques C. Internal and external rotation D. AP and PA projections
Lateral
Which of the following positions/projections would best demonstrate the intervertebral spaces of the lumbar spine? Answers: A. AP projection B. Lateral C. Mediolateral oblique D. Lateromedial oblique
AP
Which of the following positions/projections would best demonstrate the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae? Answers: A. AP B. Lateral C. 45 oblique D. 70° oblique
Pedicles
Which of the following project off the posterior, lateral borders of the vertebral body? Answers: A. Pedicles B. Laminae C. Spinous process D. Articular processes
AP thoracic and swimmer's
Which of the following projections of the spine are improved significantly with the use of a compensating filter? 1. AP cervical 2. AP thoracic 3. Lateral cervicothoracic region (swimmer's technique)
Spinous process
Which of the following projects posteriorly off the two laminae of a typical vertebra? Answers: A. Transverse process B. Superior articulating process C. Inferior articulating process D. Spinous process
AP axial oblique with right and left head rotation
Which projection is recommended to demonstrate the cervical vertebral arches or pillars when the patient cannot hyperextend the neck? AP axial PA axial AP axial oblique with right and left head rotation Lateral projection, dorsal decubitus position
lateral, and lateral in hyperflexion or hyperextension
Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine? 1. Lateral 2. Lateral in hyperflexion 3. Lateral in hyperextension
AP or PA obique
Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog"? 1. Lateral 2. AP oblique 3. PA oblique
LPO or RAO
Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint? 1. AP oblique, LPO position 2. AP oblique, RPO position 3. PA oblique, RAO position
T1-10
Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process? T1-3 T1-9 T1-10 T1-12
T10-12
Which thoracic vertebrae contain only a single costal facet on each side of its body? T1 - 2 T1 - 3 T11 - 12 T10 - 12
cervical
Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch? Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral
First cervical
Which vertebra has no body? Answers: A. First cervical B. Second cervical C. Seventh cervical D. First thoracic
Thoracic
Which vertebrae have demifacets for the articulation of ribs? Answers: A. Cervical B. Thoracic C. Lumbar D. Sacral
Spinous process
Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles? Spinous process Transverse process Superior articular process Inferior articular process
Joints closest to the IR
Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine? Joints farthest from the IR Joints closest to the IR Both joints equally demonstrated The L1 to L4 joints closest to the IR
pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater
layers of the spinal cord (spinal meninges) inner? middle? outer?
transverse process
what anatomical part is represented in this picture
pedicle
what anatomical part is represented in this picture of the Lumbar vertebra
zygopophyseal joints
what joints are highlighted?
zygopophyseal joints
what joints is A?
Atlas C1
which vertebra is this? name and number?
Axis C2
which vertebra is this? name and number?