RAD SEMINAR REVIEW: VERTEBRAL COLUMN & PELVIS

intervertebral foramina

Spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through the: vertebral arch. vertebral notches. vertebral foramen. intervertebral foramina.

70 to 75

The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane? 45 90 15 to 20 70 to 75

synovial, gliding

The zygapophyseal joints of the vertebral column are classified as: synovial, gliding. synovial, pivot. synovial, ellipsoidal. cartilaginous, symphysis.

Obturator foramen

What is the name of the large foramen in the innominate bone? Answers: A. Foramen ovale B. Foramen magnum C. Obturator foramen D. Pelvic foramen

Pia mater

What is the name of the meningeal layer that is closest to the spinal cord? Answers: A. Pia mater B. Dura mater C. Arachnoid D. Subarachnoid

Body

What is the name of the most anterior portion of a thoracic vertebra? Answers: A. Body B. Lamina C. Vertebral arch D. Spinous process

Pharynx

Which of the following serves as a passage for both food and air? Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus

flex the hips and knees

Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an AP thoracic spine? 1. Flex the hips. 2. Flex the knees. 3. Flex the cervical spine.

flex the hips and knees

Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for the AP projection? 1. Flex the hips. 2. Flex the knees. 3. Flex the elbows.

thoracic, sacrum and coccyx

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve? 1. Thoracic 2. Lumbar 3. Sacrum and coccyx

cervical and lumbar

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve? 1. Cervical 2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar

Longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS

Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint? Midcoronal plane Midsagittal plane Longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS Longitudinal plane 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS

45 degree oblique

Which position/projection is necessary to demonstrate the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine? Answers: A. AP B. 45 degree oblique C. 90° lateral D. Odontoid

Zygapophyseal joints

A 45° oblique of the lumbar spine is used to visualize which of the following? Answers: A. Intervertebral spaces B. Intervertebral foramina C. Zygapophyseal joints D. Bodies

Jefferson

A comminuted fracture of the ring of C1 is termed a _____ fracture. Answers: comminuted Jefferson hangman's clay shoveler's

hangman's

A fracture of the anterior arch of C2 due to hyperextension is termed a _____ fracture. Pott's Jefferson hangman's clay shoveler's

Lateral thoracic spine

A long exposure time (breathing technique) is useful for which of the following positions/projections? Answers: A. AP cervical spine B. 70 oblique thoracic spine C. Lateral thoracic spine D. Open mouth

body and vertebral arch

A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts? 1. Body 2. Lamina 3. Vertebral arch

Intervertebral

All of the joints of the vertebral column are synovial—freely movable—except one. Which joint is not? Intervertebral Zygapophyseal Costovertebral Costotransverse

kyphosis

An abnormal increase in the convexity of the thoracic spine is termed: scoliosis. spondylosis. lordosis. kyphosis.

lordosis

An abnormally increased concavity of the lumbar spine is termed: lordosis. kyphosis. scoliosis. scoliokyphosis.

parallel with the interiliac line

An alternate method of positioning the central ray for the L5-S1 lateral projection is: parallel with the interiliac line. perpendicular to the interiliac line. parallel with the midsagittal plane. perpendicular to the midcoronal plane.

Iliac crest

At what level is the cassette centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine? Answers: A. A.S.I.S. B. Symphysis pubis C. Iliac crest D. First lumbar

25 degrees

How much must the body be rotated for an oblique position of the sacroiliac joints? Answers: A. 15° B. 25° C. 45° D. 70°

70 degrees

How much must the patient be obliqued in order to visualize the zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine? Answers: A. 30° B. 45° C. 70° D. 90°

intervertebral disks

One fourth of the length of the vertebral column is made up of the: vertebral bodies. intervertebral disks. transverse processes. intervertebral foramina.

laryngeal prominence

For the AP projection of the pharynx and larynx, the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the: thyroid cartilage. laryngeal prominence. cricoid cartilage. jugular notch.

anteriorly

For the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer's technique), the recommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is move anteriorly. posteriorly. medially. laterally.

Extended

How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction? Extended Flexed Externally rotated Internally rotated

In hyperextension

How is the neck positioned for the AP axial projection of the vertebral arch (pillars)? With the occlusal plane perpendicular to the image receptor With the occlusal plane parallel to the image receptor In hyperextension In hyperflexion

7

How many cervical vertebrae are there? Answers: A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 12

20 degrees cephalad

How many degrees and in what direction should the tube be angledfor an AP projection of the cervical spine? Answers: A. 20° cephalad B. 20° caudad C. 30° cephalad D. 30° caudad

three

How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra? one two three four

5

How many lumbar vertebrae are there? A. 5 B. 7 C. 12 D. 26

5

How many movable joints can be visualized in an AP radiograph of a pelvis? Answers: A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

31

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? Answers: A.11 B. 21 C. 31 D. 41

12

How many thoracic vertebrae are there? Answers: A. 5 B. 7 C. 12 D. 24

10

How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulation with the tubercle of a rib? 7 8 10 12

24

How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column? 7 12 24 33

5

How many vertebrae are there in the sacrum? 3 4 5 3 to 5

33

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column? 24 27 33 54

5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, caudad

If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled: 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, cephalad. 5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, caudad. 8 degrees men, 12 degrees women, cephalad. 8 degrees men, 12 degrees women, caudad.

1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae

In order to visualize the dens, which of the following must be radiographed? Answers: A. Sacrum and coccyx B. 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae C. Lumbosacral junction D. Upper thoracic vertebrae

3 1/2 inches posterior and 2 inches inferior

In reference to the ASIS, where is the central-ray entrance for a lateral coccyx? 3 1/2 inches posterior and 2 inches inferior 3 1/2 inches anterior and 2 inches superior 2 inches posterior and 3 1/2 inches inferior 2 inches anterior and 3 1/2 inches superior

ala

On each side of the sacral base is a large winglike mass called the: ala. base. promontory. superior articular process.

10 degrees cephalad

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a PA projection of the coccyx. What is the central-ray angle for this projection? 10 degrees caudad 10 degrees cephalad 15 degrees caudad 15 degrees cephalad

15 degrees caudad

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a PA projection performed. What is the central-ray angle for this projection? 10 degrees caudad 15 degrees caudad 10 degrees cephalad 15 degrees cephalad

C1 and C2

Rotation of the skull takes place between which of the following cervical vertebrae? Answers: A. Cl and C2 B. C2 and C3 C. C4 and C5 D. C6 and C7

lamina

Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the _____ fail to unite posteriorly. arches bodies pedicles lamina

Posterior laminae not fusing

Spina bifida is caused by which of the following? Answers: A. Pedicles not fusing to the body B. Pedicles not fusing with the laminae C. Posterior laminae not fusing D. Laminae and transverse processes fuse

lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae

The Grandy method is a(n): lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region. AP/PA thoracolumbar spine. lateral thoracolumbar spine.

Femoral head

The acetabulum articulates with which of the following? Answers: A. Inferior articulating process B. Superior articulating process C. Transverse process D. Femoral head

25 to 30

The angle of the articulation between the sacrum and the ilia (the sacroiliac joints) is _____ degrees. 10 to 15 15 to 20 25 to 30 45 to 50

anterior

The articulating facet on the inferior articular process of the vertebrae is located on its _____ surface. posterior anterior superior inferior

posterior

The articulating facet on the superior articular process of the vertebrae is located on its _____ surface. inferior superior anterior posterior

facets

The articulating surfaces of the articular processes of the vertebrae are covered with fibrocartilage. These surfaces are called: facets. notches. foramens. tubercles.

zygapophyseal

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the _____ joints. costovertebral costotransverse intervertebral zygapophyseal

0 to 30

The average range of the angle of the L1-L3 zygapophyseal joints are _____ degrees. 0 to 30 ? 0 to 35 15 to 45 45 to 60

45 to 60

The average range of the angle of the L4-S1 zygapophyseal joints are _____ degrees. 0 to 30 0 to 45 15 to 45 45 to 60

90

The intervertebral foramina of the superior four lumbar vertebrae are situated how many degrees from the midsagittal plane? 90 ? 15 to 20 30 to 50 70 to 75

lateral

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection? AP Lateral ? PA oblique AP oblique

90

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with the midsagittal plane? Answers: 45 90? 15 to 20 70 to 75

cartilaginous, symphysis

The intervertebral joints of the spinal column are classified as: fibrous, syndesmosis. cartilaginous, symphysis. synovial, gliding. synovial, pivot.

Central

The brain and the spinal cord make up which part of the nervous system? Answers: A. Sympathetic B. Autonomic C. Central D. Peripheral

herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

The condition in which an intervertebral disk "slips" and protrudes into the vertebral canal is called: vertebrogenesis. spondylolysis. spondylolisthesis. herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP).

Ischium, pubis, ilium

The innominate bone is formed by the fusion of which three bones? Answers: A. Pubis, trochanter, pelvis B. Ilium, ischium, femur C. lleum, ischium, pubis D. Ischium, pubis, ilium

45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open: laterally. 45 degrees anteriorly. 70 degrees anteriorly. 45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly.

concave

The natural curve of the lumbar spine is classified as what type? Answers: A. Concave B. Convex C. Spondylotic D. Scoliotic

transverse foramen

The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the: transverse foramen. vertebral foramina. intervertebral foramina. inferior vertebral notch.

pars interarticularis

The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes on a typical lumbar vertebra is called the: transverse process. pars interarticularis. accessory process. mammillary process.

suspended respiration

The phase of respiration for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine is: shallow breathing. suspended respiration. full expiration. full inspiration.

full expiration

The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is: full expiration. full inspiration. suspended respiration. softly phonate "ah" during the exposure

suspended respiration

The respiration phase for an AP or PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine is: shallow breathing. suspended respiration. full inspiration. full expiration.

expiration

The respiration phase for the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine is: inspiration. expiration. suspended respiration. shallow breathing.

pharyngeal tonsil

The roof of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx contains a mass of lymphoid tissue known as the: thymus gland. thyroid gland. pharyngeal tonsil. epiglottis

pedicles

The short, thick processes that project posteriorly on each side of a vertebral body are called the: pedicles. laminae. transverse processes. spinous processes.

2nd lumbar

The spinal cord terminates at the level of which vertebra? Answers: A. 12th thoracic B. 2nd lumbar C. 5th lumbar D. 1st sacral

articular pillars

The superior and inferior articular processes of the cervical spine form thick columns called the: facets. laminae. pedicles. articular pillars.

vertebral foramen

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the: lamina. vertebral notch. vertebral foramen. intervertebral foramina.

dens and spinal cord

The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the: 1. dens. 2. facets. 3. spinal cord.

lateral

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection? AP Lateral AP oblique PA oblique

30 t 50

The zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine form an angle of how many degrees from the posterior midsagittal plane? 45 15 to 20 30 to 50 70 to 75

45

To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, MSP of the patient is rotated _____ degrees. 30 45 50 55

48

To reduce distortion of the intervertebral joint spaces of the lumbar spine for an AP projection, an SID of _____ inches is suggested. 36 40 48 72

Anterior superior iliac spine

What is the name of the bony landmark on the anterior portion of the iliac crest? Answers: A. Anterior trochanter B. Anterior superior tuberosity C. Anterior posterior iliac spine D. Anterior superior iliac spine

Atlantoaxial joint

What is the name of the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae? Answers: A. Cervical joint B. Cervical fusion C. Atlantoaxial joint D. Kyphotic joint

Symphysis pubis

What is the name of the joint between the two pubic bones? Answers: A. Acetabulum B. Hip joint C. Pelvic joint D. Symphysis pubis

Transverse processes

What are the lateral projections on a typical vertebra called? Answers: A. Spinous processes B. Articular processes C. Transverse processes D. Pedicles

Scoliosis

What is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine called? Answers: A. Lordosis B. Kyphosis C. Scoliosis D. Meiosis

Atlas

What is another name for the first cervical vertebra? Answers: A. Odontoid B. Arch C. Axis D. Atlas

axis

What is another name for the second cervical vertebra? Answers: A. Atlas B. Axis C. Dens D. Posterior arch

3 to 5 degrees caudad

What is the central-ray angle for an AP thoracic spine? 3 to 5 degrees caudad 3 to 5 degrees cephalad 5 to 7 degrees caudad 5 to 7 degrees cephalad

30 to 35 degrees cephalad

What is the central-ray angle for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction? 25 degrees cephalad 30 to 35 degrees cephalad 35 to 45 degrees cephalad 40 to 50 degrees cephalad

15 to 20 degrees caudad

What is the central-ray angle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? 45 degrees cephalad 45 degrees caudad 15 to 20 degrees cephalad 15 to 20 degrees caudad

10 to 15 degrees cephalad

What is the central-ray angulation for the lateral projection of the thoracic spine if the vertebral column is not elevated to a horizontal plane? 3 to 5 degrees caudad 3 to 5 degrees cephalad 10 to 15 degrees caudad 10 to 15 degrees cephalad

2 inches lateral to the elevated ASIS and 2 inches above the iliac crest

What is the central-ray centering point for an AP oblique lumbar spine? At MSP at the level of the ASIS 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS at the level of the iliac crest 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS and 1 to 1/2 inch above the iliac crest 2 inches lateral to the elevated ASIS and 2 inches above the iliac crest

Spondylolisthesis

What is the forward slipping of a vertebra called? Answers: A. Cholelithiasis B. Spondylolisthesis C. Scoliosis D. Slipped disk

Ischial tuberosity

What is the most inferior portion of the pelvis called? Answers: A. Ischial spine B. Symphysis pubis C. Ischial tuberosity D. Inferior rami of the pubic bones

Vertebral foramen

What is the name of the opening through which the spinal cord passes? Answers: A. Vertebral foramen B. Intervertebral foramen C. Transverse foramen D. Obturator foramen

Inferior articulating process

What is the name of the process that projects downward from the base of the transverse process? Answers: A. Pars interarticularis B. Inferior articulating process C. Spinous process D. Lamina

Dens

What is the name of the process that projects upward from the body of the second cervical vertebra? Answers: A. Spinous B. Dens C. Transverse D. Superior

Intervertebral disk

What is the name of the spongy pad that lies between the vertebrae? Answers: A. Spinous disk B. Intervertebral disk C. Herniated disk D. Intralumbar disk

Iliac crest

What is the name of the upper, curved border of the ilium called? Answers: A. Ischial tuberosity B. Iliac crest C. Iliac spine D. Anterior superior iliac spine

Dura mater

What is the outer meningeal layer of the spinal cord called? Answers: A. Dura mater B. Pia mater C. Arachnoid D. Subarachnoid

Vertebral arch

What is the posterior, bony ring of a typical vertebra called? Answers: A. Pedicle B. Lamina C. Vertebral body D. Vertebral arch

Eliminates spine distortion

What is the purpose of having the patient flex his knees for an AP projection of the lumbar spine? Answers: A. Better visualization of disk spaces B. Intervertebral foramen seen better C. Eliminates spine distortion D. More comfortable

Thyroid cartilage

What is the technical name for the "Adam's apple." Answers: A. Pharynx B. Larynx C. Epiglottis D. Thyroid cartilage

wedge

What type of compensating filter is suggested for the AP projection of the thoracic spine? Wedge Double wedge Trough Boomerang

Convex

What type of natural curve is found in the thoracic spine Answers: A.Concave B. Convex C. Scoliotic D. Myoptic

1 1/2 inches

When only the lumbar vertebrae (not lumbosacral) are imaged in the AP projection, the central ray is directed _____ inches above the iliac crests. 1 1/2 inches 2 inches 3 inches 2 to 3 inches

4

When viewed from the side, the vertebral column should present how many curves? 2 3 4 5

1 1/2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection (Ferguson method) of the lumbosacral junction? At the pubic symphysis 1 1/2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis 3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis At the level of the ASISs

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum or coccyx? 2 inches at the pubic symphysis 1 inch inferior to the symphysis 1 inch at the pubic symphysis 2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

C7

Where does the central ray exit for the AP axial oblique projection to demonstrate the cervical spine pillars and laminae? C4 C5 C7 T2

C4

Where is the IR centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral projection of the cervical spine? C2 C3 C4 C7

C4

Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine (Grandy method)? C2 C3 C4 C7

C4

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine? C2 C3 C4 C7

Tip of the mastoid process

Where is the center of the IR positioned for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method? Acanthion Mental point External acoustic meatus Tip of the mastoid process

T7

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine? LEVEL OF _____: T5 T7 T9 T10

2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS

Where is the longitudinal plane of the lumbar spine positioned for the AP oblique projection? 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS 2 inches lateral to the elevated ASIS 2 inches medial to the lower ASIS 2 inches lateral to the lower ASIS

At right angles to the long axis of the body

Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine? Over the head Flexed in front of the thorax At right angles to the long axis of the body Variable, depending on body habitus

C2

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis? To the Adams apple C1 C2 C4

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders

Where should the superior edge of the IR/collimated field be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae? 1 inch above the shoulders 1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders 1 1/2 to 2 inches below the shoulders At the level of the shoulders

2 above iliac crest

Where should the top of the cassette be placed for an AP projection of the pelvis? Answers: A. Level of iliac crest B. Level of A.S.I.S. C. 2° above iliac crest D. Between iliac crest and symphysis

Sacrum

Which bone in the vertebral column is actually five separate vertebrae fused together? Answers: A. Sternum B. Sacrum C. Coccyx D. Innominate

Those farthest from the IR

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? Those farthest from the IR Those closest to the IR Both sides equally demonstrated The inferior six closest to the IR

Those closest to the IR

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? Those closest to the IR Those farthest from the IR Both sides are equally demonstrated The inferior side farthest from the IR

CT

Which is the most common imaging modality for examination of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx? Computed radiography CT MRI Nuclear medicine

Seventh

Which of the cervical vertebrae has the most prominent spinous process? Answers: A. First B. Third C. Fifth D. Seventh

lleum

Which of the following anatomical parts is not related to the others? Answers: A. Symphysis pubis B. Ischial spine C. Iliac crest D. lleum

15 degrees cephalad

Which of the following angles is required for an AP projection of the sacrum? Answers: A. 5° caudad B. 5° cephalad C. 15 caudad D. 15 cephalad

suspended respiration and quiet breathing

Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracic vertebrae? 1. Full inspiration 2. Suspended respiration 3. Quiet breathing

Subarachnoid space

Which of the following contains the cerebrospinal fluid? Answers: A. Dura mater B. Pia mater C. Arachnoid D. Subarachnoid space

AP, Dens

Which of the following describes the anatomy of interest for the Fuchs method? AP, dens AP, atlas and axis AP, cervicothoracic region Lateral, cervicothoracic region

2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1 1/2 inches below the iliac crest

Which of the following describes the central-ray centering point for the L5-S1 lateral projection? 2 inches posterior to the ASIS 3 inches posterior to the ASIS 2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1 1/2 inches below the iliac crest 2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 2 inches below the iliac crest

Transverse foramen

Which of the following is not a part of a typical lumbar vertebra? Answers: A. Body B. Spinous process C. Transverse foramen D. Inferior articulating process

Occlusal plane

Which of the following is placed perpendicular to the tabletop for the AP axial cervical vertebrae? Glabellomeatal line Orbitomeatal line Acanthiomeatal line Occlusal plane

AP oblique

Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine? AP Lateral AP oblique PA oblique

10 degrees caudad

Which of the following is the proper tube angle for an AP projection of the coccyx? Answers: A. 10°cephalad B. 10 caudad C. 25° cephalad D. 25° caudad

Female pelvis is broader

Which of the following is true concerning the differences between a male and female pelvis? Answers: A. Female pelvis is broader B. Female pelvis is narower C. Female pubic arch is less angled D. Female inlet is oval shaped

thyroid gland and parathyroid glands

Which of the following lies in the anterior neck? 1. Thyroid gland 2. Parathyroid glands 3. Thymus gland

A line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process

Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis? Glabellomeatal line Orbitomeatal line Acanthiomeatal line A line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process

Fuchs

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum? Grandy Fuchs Twining Pawlow

Ferguson

Which of the following methods is used to evaluate the thoracic and lumbar spine during scoliosis radiography? Pawlow Ferguson Twining Lindblom

Ottonello

Which of the following methods uses a chewing motion of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine in an AP projection? Ottonello Grandy Twining Fuchs

Vertebral artery

Which of the following passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae? Answers: A. Carotid artery B. Jugular vein C. Vertebral artery D. Subclavian artery

AP open mouth

Which of the following positions/projections is usually used to demonstrate the dens? Answers: A. AP B. AP open mouth C. 45 oblique D. Lateral

lateral

Which of the following positions/projections will best demonstrate the L5-SI joint? Answers: A. AP B. PA C. Oblique D. Lateral

Flexion and extension laterals

Which of the following positions/projections would be required to demonstrate the mobility of the cervical spine? Answers: A. Flexion and extension laterals B. Inversion and eversion obliques C. Internal and external rotation D. AP and PA projections

Lateral

Which of the following positions/projections would best demonstrate the intervertebral spaces of the lumbar spine? Answers: A. AP projection B. Lateral C. Mediolateral oblique D. Lateromedial oblique

AP

Which of the following positions/projections would best demonstrate the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae? Answers: A. AP B. Lateral C. 45 oblique D. 70° oblique

Pedicles

Which of the following project off the posterior, lateral borders of the vertebral body? Answers: A. Pedicles B. Laminae C. Spinous process D. Articular processes

AP thoracic and swimmer's

Which of the following projections of the spine are improved significantly with the use of a compensating filter? 1. AP cervical 2. AP thoracic 3. Lateral cervicothoracic region (swimmer's technique)

Spinous process

Which of the following projects posteriorly off the two laminae of a typical vertebra? Answers: A. Transverse process B. Superior articulating process C. Inferior articulating process D. Spinous process

AP axial oblique with right and left head rotation

Which projection is recommended to demonstrate the cervical vertebral arches or pillars when the patient cannot hyperextend the neck? AP axial PA axial AP axial oblique with right and left head rotation Lateral projection, dorsal decubitus position

lateral, and lateral in hyperflexion or hyperextension

Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine? 1. Lateral 2. Lateral in hyperflexion 3. Lateral in hyperextension

AP or PA obique

Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog"? 1. Lateral 2. AP oblique 3. PA oblique

LPO or RAO

Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint? 1. AP oblique, LPO position 2. AP oblique, RPO position 3. PA oblique, RAO position

T1-10

Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process? T1-3 T1-9 T1-10 T1-12

T10-12

Which thoracic vertebrae contain only a single costal facet on each side of its body? T1 - 2 T1 - 3 T11 - 12 T10 - 12

cervical

Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch? Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral

First cervical

Which vertebra has no body? Answers: A. First cervical B. Second cervical C. Seventh cervical D. First thoracic

Thoracic

Which vertebrae have demifacets for the articulation of ribs? Answers: A. Cervical B. Thoracic C. Lumbar D. Sacral

Spinous process

Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles? Spinous process Transverse process Superior articular process Inferior articular process

Joints closest to the IR

Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine? Joints farthest from the IR Joints closest to the IR Both joints equally demonstrated The L1 to L4 joints closest to the IR

pia mater, arachnoid, dura mater

layers of the spinal cord (spinal meninges) inner? middle? outer?

transverse process

what anatomical part is represented in this picture

pedicle

what anatomical part is represented in this picture of the Lumbar vertebra

zygopophyseal joints

what joints are highlighted?

zygopophyseal joints

what joints is A?

Atlas C1

which vertebra is this? name and number?

Axis C2

which vertebra is this? name and number?