Reading and writing skills 1

prewriting definition

Is the act of generating, exploring, developing, and roughly organizing ideas. Prewriting can help you choose a topic, narrow a topic, and put details related to a topic in logical order.

Example

Narrow the topic based on a pattern of organization. A writer may use a latter. If organization to narrow a subject and generate details, patterns of organization are also used to develop, organize, and express a main idea, major details, and minor detail in a logical order

Narrow the Topic

Narrow the topic based on your opinion. An opinion is exposed by using word such as amazing, alarming, beautiful, best, likely, should, or any of her word that states personal places, judgements, or inter privations, use questions, free writing, mapping, listing, or another brainstorming technique to discover your opinion about a topic.

Prewriting includes

Prewriting includes reading, listening, discussing and thinking about your topic before you write a rough draft that captures your prewriting thoughts on paper. It allows you to explore ideas and plan your strategies without worrying about polishing them.

What's the point of process?

Visualizing a process helps a writer discover his or her point about the procedure.

Topic

What you write when writing about situations in our personal lives, we may choose to compose a letter of complaint to a business or an email to a friend. Often in these circumstance, the topic of our writing naturally emerges from our need to communicate. However when writing for college. Many of us face writer's block in our search for a topic. You can break through writer's block. G building a topic bank for college writing.

SQ3R

1. Survey-Skim the selection to note the following titles, subheading, key terms in bold or italic types graphics, pictures. 2. Ask the following- What is the Topic? What do I already know? What is the author's response? How are the ideas organized? What is my purpose for reading? 3. Read- Read to answer questions adjust pace based on difficulty; reread to understand. 4. Recite- Annotate text; underline main ideas; circle key terms; restate ideas out loud. 5. Review- Review questions based in headings; review new words; correct new ideas to prior knowledge; write a response.

Listing

A common way to brainstorm ideas is to create a list. If you have a free choice of topics, then create a topic bank: list ideas you want to learn more about or topics you already know smithing about and that you enjoy discussing. To create a list of topics for an academic course look at the table of contents, the index, and the glossary in your textbook.

Compose a Topic Sentence

A focused main idea presents a narrowed subject and the writer's controlling point about the narrowed subject. The controlling point often indicates both the writer's opinion and a pattern of organization. A topic sentence states the focused main idea in a complete sentence.

Workshop: Process Graphic Organizer and Writer's Journal

A process describes the individual actions that make up each step or phase within the process. Time order words show the flow of events as the process unfolds. Strong transitions establish coherence-a clear and understandable flow of ideas.

Write a Process Paragraph

A process is a series of steps, occurring in chronological order. A process shows how to do something or how something works. A process may also describe the phases, stages, or cycle of a recurring event such as the phases of the moon or the stages of grief. To describe a process, a writer uses chronological order (also called time order) and relevant concrete details.

How to write a summary

A summary includes only the most important points of a text. A summary is a restatement of the main idea and the major supporting details. The length of the summary should reflect the length of the passage are trying to understand. Writing a summary by relying on the annotation you make during reading is an excellent way to check your understanding of what you read. Always use the writer's name and the title of the text in your summary.

Ask questions

Asking questions helps you identify a topic and develop details about it based on thoughtful insights. Asking and answering questions helps you discover both that you already know and what you need to learn about the topic. Your goal as a writer is to share a point if main idea about a topic. Usually, a main idea or point is made up I'd the topic and the writer's opinion about the topic, Two types of questions enable you to explore topics and your opinions about those topics. The report's questions and reflective questions.

Thinking process connects writing

Before- Prewrite- Ask questions and skin details to discover your audience purpose, and point for writing, read for information to use in your writing. During- draft- Express your purpose and point through the use of key words, main ideas, and supporting details. Revise- Rephrase or reorganize ideas to clearly support your point, help readers to see your purpose and point; use details to create a mental picture for your reader. Edit and publish- Create an error free draft that express your new insights and skills as a writer.

The thinking process connects Reading

Before- pre read- Ask questions and skim the fact; note headings, words in bold or italics, or graphics predict the author's audience purpose, and point. During- read- Comprehend the writer's purpose and point with the use of keywords, main ideas, and supporting details. Apply fix-up strategies- Use context clause to understand new words reread a few sentences or a paragraph to make a mental picture of the point. After- reflect and record- Adjust your views based on new information gained through reading: write in response to what you have read; restate the writer's main points agree or disagree with what you have read.

Concept mapping

Concept mapping also known as clustering or webbing creates a visual picture of the relationships among the ideas you generate. Think of what you already know about a map. A concept map shows how a topic connects to supporting details how each idea connects to another idea and how the main idea connects to supporting details. Sometimes as you use a concept map, the idea that first occurred to you might be a great example for a supporting detail. Ideas occur to is in a logical order. Concept mapping helps a writer figure out the logical order of ideas.

Freewriting

During free-writing, you record your thoughts as they stream through your mind. The key to this brain storming strategy. Like all prewriting activities, is to turn off the critic inside your head. At this point, no thought is wrong, off base, or silly, the idea is to warm up your thinking muscles.

Use the reading process to strengthen your writing

Reading and weiting are closely related thinking process in two basic ways. First, both are ways of making meaning, when we read, we make maening of a text comoised by someone else. When we write, we make meaning of a text composed our own text. A reader rectives a message; a writer sends a mesage. To understand a text ot message, a reader receives a message. To understand a text or message, a reader thinks about the writer's purpose for writing. Like wise, to send a text or message that js understabke, a writer thinks about the reader(audience), the reader's background, and the reader's purpose for reading. Thus, reading and writing rely on and strengthen eadh ither. For example reading benefits a writwr in many ways. A writer games the following by reading: 1. New vocabulary 2. Different opinion a topic 3. Detqils that support an opinion 4. Additionql facts about a topic Ways to apply writing skills 1. How to puncture 2. How to use fresh or creative expression 3. How to vary sentences 4. How to organize ideas 5. How to create intorductionw and conclusion Another way in which reading and writing are related is that they are both thinking process best accomplished in specific stages.

Reading selections

Reading and writing are mirror reflections of the thinking process. A major similarity between reading and writing is that each is a thinking process best accomplished in specific stages; careful thought before, during, and after reading a selection or writing a piece improves your ability to do both.

Writing

Reading is a thinking process composed of a series of phases. The process is recursive that is, the reader may loop or combine any of the stages at any poi during the process.

Prewrite

Recite/Review/Brainstorm- List cluster or outline topics based on your survey; leave room to fill in details during reading. Record predicted answers.

The connection between reading and writing

The basic connection between reading and writing is thinking: thinking about the meaning of what you read and what you say, and thinking about the connection between what you read and what you write. To fully realize the connection between reading and writing, you need to be an active and focused thinker. Two active thinking reading writing takes are annotating a text and writing a summary.

How to Annotate a Text

The word annotate suggests that you "take notes" on the page of the text, writing notes on the margin of the page as you read focuses your attention and improve your understanding of the writer's purpose and point.

Assess the writing situation: Topic Audience, and Purpose

Then you write you develop a point about a topic to fulfill a purpose for a specific audience. To develop your point, you need to think about two aspects of writing: the writing situation and the writing process. A piece of writing develops in response to a specific writing situation that is composed of the topic (your subject), the audience (your reader), and the purpose for writing (your goal).

Freewrite

To organize prior knowledge, purpose for reading, and audience. A first response to the text

Transition Words Used To Show time order

after afterward as before currently during eventually finally first last later meanwhile next now often previously second since soon then ultimately until when while