Reconstruction plan

Radical Republican plan

. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. 3) The South could not repay loans from countries that helped them. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act.

Sharecroppers & Tenant Farmers

Both Sharecroppers and Tenant Farmer did not own the land they farmed, but received a share of the profits of the crops Tenant Farmers : Were mostly poor whites who lived and farmed on someone else's land, owned a few tools or supplies which enabled them to make a small profit, because they need not borrow as much on credit. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. Borrowed what they needed on credit from the owner, it was a bad because the farmer always owed more money than they made on the farm, leaving them stuck in this system.

What did the 14th Amendment accomplish?

Granted citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law. Formally defines citizenship and protects a person's civil and political rights from being abridged or denied by any state. This represented the reversal of that portion of the Dred Scott decision which ruled that black people were not and could not become citizens of the United States or enjoy any of the privileges and immunities of citizenship.

Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? What happened to black legislators that were elected to office in the South during Reconstruction?

Henry McNeal Turner was the first African American elected to the Georgia General Assembly. All the of the African American were expelled in 1868 when whites said that the Constitution gave freedmen the right to vote, but never explicitly said they had the right to run for and hold an office because they were once slaves.

plan was the easiest on the South? Which plan was the hardest on the South?

Lincoln's plan was the easiest, and the Radical Republican Plan was the hardest on the South.

Lincoln's and Johnson's plans fundamentally different from the Radical Republican plan

Radical plan wanted to punish the south, while Lincoln and Johnson wanted to reunite the union as quickly as possible.

Johnson's Reconstruction Plan

Same as Lincoln's but military officials and persons with property worth more than $20,000 had to apply directly to the President for a pardon.

What was the Freedmen's Bureau? Who was it supposed to help?

The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. The Freedmen's Bureau helped most in the area of education.

was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan? Who were its members?

The Ku Klux Klan was a secretive, racist organization who used violence and fear to intimidate freedmen and whites that supported freedmen. The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. Its members where southern whites that did not agree with the ideas of Reconstruction.

List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government.

The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional (Radical Republican), and then Military control (Military Reconstruction Act - South broken down into 5 military districts)

How did white Southerners view the Freedmen's Bureau?

The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy.

What did the 13th Amendment accomplish?

The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

Lincolns Reconstruction plan

The citizens of the South had to take an oath of loyalty, and once 10% of the state had taken the oath the state could rejoin the Union. It was known as the 10% Plan.

What were Black Codes, and why were they created?

They were codes or rules created by southerners after the Civil War to restrict the new rights and freedoms of African American in the south. Ex. Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. Gave blacks curfews and did not allow them to carry guns.

What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? Which group was still not aloud to vote?

This amendment prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (slavery). Women still could not vote.

Scalawag

was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction in the South, often Republican.

Carpetbaggers

was a negative term Southerners adopted and gave to opportunistic and speculative Northerners who moved to the South during the Reconstruction Era, often seen as frauds. In actuality carpetbaggers were people who came down from the North to help freedmen and poor whites through the Freedmen's Bureau