Renal exam practice questions

A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of renal calculi secondary to hyperparathyroidism. What type of diet should the nurse explore with the client when providing discharge instructions? A. Low purine B. Low calcium C. High phosphorus D. High alkaline ash

B. Low calcium

A client who had a lithotripsy for a renal calculus is to be discharged from the hospital. What should the nurse include in the home care instructions? A. Drink at least 3 L of fluid daily for four weeks B. Eliminate organ meats from the diet for six weeks C. Increase the intake of dairy products for five days D. Restrict movement for three days before resuming usual activities

A. Drink at least 3 L of fluid daily for four weeks

A client who is recovering from deep partial-thickness burns develops chills, fever, flank pain, and malaise. The provider makes a tentative diagnosis of urinary tract infection. What diagnostic tests should the nurse expect the health care provider to order to confirm the diagnosis? A. Urinalysis and urine culture and sensitivity B. Cystoscopy and bilirubin level C. Creatinine clearance and albumin D. Specific gravity and pH of the urine

A. Urinalysis and urine culture and sensitivity

When providing care to a client who has undergone a nephrostomy for hydronephrosis, which observation alerts the nurse to a possible complication? A. Urine output of 15 ml/hr B. Tenderness at the surgical site C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 23 mg/dL D. Pink-tinged urine draining from the nephrostomy

A. Urine output of 15 ml/hr

Which statement made by the client who is newly diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) indicates to the nurse that additional teaching for self-management is needed? A. "I will need to increase my daily water intake." B. "I will restrict my sodium to less than 2 g daily." C. "Now I will need to take a blood pressure drug daily." D. "If I become sexually active or plan to have a family, I will seek genetic counseling."

B. "I will restrict my sodium to less than 2 g daily."

The client passes a urinary stone that laboratory analysis indicates is composed of calcium oxalate. Based on this analysis, which instruction does the nurse specifically include for dietary prevention of the problem? A. "Increase your intake of meat, fish, and cranberry juice." B. "Avoid citrus fruits and citrus juices such as oranges." C. "Avoid dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach." D. "Decrease your intake of dairy products, especially milk."

C. "Avoid dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach."

Which of the following is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for a client with renal calculi? A. Ineffective tissue perfusion B. Functional urinary incontinence C. Risk for infection D. Decreased cardiac output

C. Risk for infection

A client is frustrated and embarrassed by urinary incontinence. Which of the following measures should the nurse include first in a bladder retraining program? A. Establishing a predetermined fluid intake pattern for the client B. Encouraging the client to increase the time between voidings C. Restricting fluid intake to reduce the need to void D. Assessing present elimination patterns

D. Assessing present elimination patterns

The client's urinalysis shows all of these abnormal results. Which result does the nurse report to the health care provider immediately? A. pH 7.8 B. Protein 31 mg C. Sodium 15 mEq/L D. Leukoesterase and nitrate positive

D. Leukoesterase and nitrate positive

A nurse is counseling a woman who had recurrent urinary tract infections. What factor should the nurse explain is the reason why women are at a greater risk than men for contracting a urinary tract infection? A. Altered urinary pH B. Hormonal secretions C. Juxtaposition of the bladder D. Proximity of the urethra to the anus

D. Proximity of the urethra to the anus

A nurse administers trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) to a client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. What should the nurse monitor to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug? A. Breath sounds B. Hemoglobin level C. Stool consistency D. White blood cell (WBC) count

D. White blood cell (WBC) count

A client is admitted to the hospital from the emergency department with a diagnosis of urolithiasis. The nurse reviews the client's clinical record and performs an admission assessment. What is the priority nursing action? a. Strain the client's urine b. Administer the prescribed morphine c. Place patient in high fowler's position d. Collect a urine specimen

b. Administer the prescribed morphine

The client arrives at the primary health care clinic with a problem of new abdominal pain and blood in her urine. She is afebrile. Which information is most important for the nurse to obtain from this client's history? A. Kidney cancer in the client's family B. Injury or trauma to the abdomen or pelvis C. Treatment of a urinary tract infection in the past 12 months D. Recent exposure to heavy metals, drugs, or other nephrotoxins

B. Injury or trauma to the abdomen or pelvis

When assessing a client with diabetic nephropathy, which question about self-management should the nurse ask to determine whether the client is currently following best practices to slow the progression of this condition? A. "Have you increased your protein intake to promote healing of the damaged nephrons? B. "Do you avoid contact sports to reduce the risk of causing trauma to your kidneys? C. "How do you manage your diet to keep your blood glucose levels in target range?" D. "Have you increased your fluid intake based on urine output?"

C. "How do you manage your diet to keep your blood glucose levels in target range?"

The nurse is caring for a client with ureteral colic. To prevent the development of renal calculi in the future, the client's plan of care should include: A. Interventions to decrease the serum creatinine level B. Excluding milk products from the diet C. Instructing the client to drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily D. A goal of 2000 ml/24 hours urinary output

C. Instructing the client to drink 8 to 10 glasses of water daily

To help prevent a cycle of recurring urinary tract infections, the nurse should instruct a female client to: A. Increase the daily intake of citrus juice B. Douche regularly with alkaline agents C. Urinate as soon as possible after intercourse D. Wipe carefully from back to front

C. Urinate as soon as possible after intercourse

Which assessments are most important for the nurse to perform when monitoring a client who returns to the medical-surgical unit after a dye-enhanced CT scan? A. Body temperature and urine odor B. Kidney tenderness and flank pain C. Urine volume and color D. Specific gravity and pH

C. Urine volume and color