Renal system
What is the structure in the nephron that filters blood?
Bowman's capsule
Trace the route of glomerular filtrate on its path to the collecting duct of a nephron
Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule
Urine is formed in a three-step process in the nephron. What are they?
Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
The efferent arteriole eventually feeds into what vessel
Renal Vein
The ___ loop of Henle is impermeable to water
ascending
There are roughly how many (#) nephrons int he average adult human kidney?
1,000,000
2 main functions of kidneys
1. filtration 2. collection
The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating which of the following? A. blood pressure B. blood temperature C. blood solute concentrations D. blood pH
B. blood temperature
___ has a rate of urinary excretion that is almost always identical to its rate of glomerular filtration in a healthy adult.
Creatinine
Which of the following anatomical portion of a nephron connects the Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle? A. collecting duct B. distal convoluted tubule C. connecting tubule D. proximal convoluted tubule
D. proximal convoluted tubule
Why is there so much purposeful leakage in Bowman's capsule?
Fenestrated endothelial cells and basement membrane cells provide gaps for filtrate to leak through
___ is filtered by the kidney, but almost always reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption
Glucose
Are least likely to be present in the glomerular filtrate
Large molecular weight proteins
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Afferent Arteriole
branches off of renal artery and meets glomerulus
How does the renal system regulate blood pressure?
by altering the amount of water held in the blood (blood volume)
How does the renal system regulate blood pH
by excreting and reabsorbing hydronium ions and bicarbonate
Vasa recta
capillary bed used to deliver oxygen to kidney
The ___ loop of Henle is permeable to water
descending
What connects the ascending loop of Henle to the collecting duct?
distal convoluted tubule
The ____________ contains water and small molecules. It can become more dilute by either increasing its concentration of water or decreasing its concentrations of small molecules.
glomerular filtrate
represents the initial filtration of the blood by the nephron
glomerular filtration
The presence of what in the urine, even in small amounts, is indicative of a possible problem in the renal system of a patient?
glucose
The rater of urinary excretion for ___ will always be much lower than its rate of glomerular filtration in healthy adults.
glucose
brings blood into kidneys
renal artery
sends blood from kidneys
renal veins
Any glucose filtered out of the blood by the nephron is normally completely reabsorbed during ___.
tubular filtration
represents the reabsorption of small molecules from the tubular fluid back in to the blood
tubular reabsorption
the method by which many toxins are transferred from the blood into the tubular fluid; occurs via active transport downstream of glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
As glomerular filtrate moves through the ascending loop of Henle, the filtrate becomes for dilute. Why?
The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ions but impermeable to water.