Renal system

What is the structure in the nephron that filters blood?

Bowman's capsule

Trace the route of glomerular filtrate on its path to the collecting duct of a nephron

Bowman's capsule, proximal tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, distal tubule

Urine is formed in a three-step process in the nephron. What are they?

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

The efferent arteriole eventually feeds into what vessel

Renal Vein

The ___ loop of Henle is impermeable to water

ascending

There are roughly how many (#) nephrons int he average adult human kidney?

1,000,000

2 main functions of kidneys

1. filtration 2. collection

The renal system does not play a direct role in regulating which of the following? A. blood pressure B. blood temperature C. blood solute concentrations D. blood pH

B. blood temperature

___ has a rate of urinary excretion that is almost always identical to its rate of glomerular filtration in a healthy adult.

Creatinine

Which of the following anatomical portion of a nephron connects the Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle? A. collecting duct B. distal convoluted tubule C. connecting tubule D. proximal convoluted tubule

D. proximal convoluted tubule

Why is there so much purposeful leakage in Bowman's capsule?

Fenestrated endothelial cells and basement membrane cells provide gaps for filtrate to leak through

___ is filtered by the kidney, but almost always reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption

Glucose

Are least likely to be present in the glomerular filtrate

Large molecular weight proteins

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron

Afferent Arteriole

branches off of renal artery and meets glomerulus

How does the renal system regulate blood pressure?

by altering the amount of water held in the blood (blood volume)

How does the renal system regulate blood pH

by excreting and reabsorbing hydronium ions and bicarbonate

Vasa recta

capillary bed used to deliver oxygen to kidney

The ___ loop of Henle is permeable to water

descending

What connects the ascending loop of Henle to the collecting duct?

distal convoluted tubule

The ____________ contains water and small molecules. It can become more dilute by either increasing its concentration of water or decreasing its concentrations of small molecules.

glomerular filtrate

represents the initial filtration of the blood by the nephron

glomerular filtration

The presence of what in the urine, even in small amounts, is indicative of a possible problem in the renal system of a patient?

glucose

The rater of urinary excretion for ___ will always be much lower than its rate of glomerular filtration in healthy adults.

glucose

brings blood into kidneys

renal artery

sends blood from kidneys

renal veins

Any glucose filtered out of the blood by the nephron is normally completely reabsorbed during ___.

tubular filtration

represents the reabsorption of small molecules from the tubular fluid back in to the blood

tubular reabsorption

the method by which many toxins are transferred from the blood into the tubular fluid; occurs via active transport downstream of glomerular filtration

tubular secretion

As glomerular filtrate moves through the ascending loop of Henle, the filtrate becomes for dilute. Why?

The ascending loop of Henle is permeable to ions but impermeable to water.