Reproductive System Test Review
63) Fertilization typically occurs in the _________, and it restores the _________ number of chromosomes. a) ampulla of the uterine tube, haploid b) ampulla of the uterine tube, diploid c) body of the uterus, polyploid d) isthmus of the uterine tube, haploid e) isthmus of the uterine tube, polyploid
A
64) Which type of gamete remains viable for a longer time after it enters the female reproductive tract? a) Sperm b) Egg
A
71) The trophoblast is located at the: a) periphery of the blastocyst. b) center of the blastocyst. c) periphery of the morula. d) center of the morula. e) center of the embryoblast.
A
72) Cells within the embryoblast have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell within the body. a) True b) False
A
77) Presence of hCG in a woman's urine indicates that she is pregnant. a) True b) False
A
83) The trimester during which an embryo becomes a fetus is the _________ trimester. a) first b) second c) third
A
86) In pregnant women, the high levels of estrogen and progesterone secretion seem to lead to: a) stronger nails and fuller hair. b) weaker nails and thinner hair.
A
9) How many secondary oocytes ultimately develop from each primary oocyte? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
A
97) Increased levels of estrogen, progesterone, and corticosteroids result in increased insulin resistance during preganancy. a) True b) False
A
98) Which type of food do women suffering from morning sickness generally prefer? a) Carbohydrate-rich foods b) Protein-rich foods
A
99) Although pregnancies are highly variable, morning sickness is most commonly experienced in the ________ trimester. a) first b) second c) third
A
41) The acrosome cap contains: a) testosterone. b) nutrients to sustain the sperm. c) enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte. d) mitochondria to provide energy for movement. e) buffers to neutralize the acidity of the female reproductive tract.
C
5) Ovulation occurs when an oocyte is released from a ruptured _____ follicle. a) secondary b) primary c) vesicular d) primordial e) oogonial
C
50) The ___________ nervous system facilitates increased blood flow to the penis by facilitating local release of __________. a) sympathetic, nitric oxide b) sympathetic, norepinephrine c) parasympathetic, nitric oxide d) parasympathetic, norepinephrine e) somatic, acetylcholine
C
58) The primary target cells for GnRH are located in the: a) hypothalamus. b) gonads. c) anterior pituitary gland. d) adrenal gland. e) genitals.
C
61) The third through eighth weeks of development are known as the ___________ period. a) fetal b) pre-embryonic c) embryonic d) cleavage
C
62) The pre-embryonic period ends when: a) a morula is formed. b) the zygote undergoes cleavage. c) the blastocyst implants in the uterus. d) the morula develops a trophoblast.
C
65) After ovulation, the oocyte: a) waits passively for a sperm to penetrate. b) releases negative ions that create an electrical gradient that all sperm swim toward. c) releases chemotaxic signals to attract sperm to its location. d) propels itself toward seminal fluid by calcium-dependent kinesis.
C
73) The process by which a blastocyst embeds within the uterine endometrium is known as: a) cleavage. b) morulation. c) implantation. d) capacitation. e) the acrosome reaction.
C
78) Human chorionic gonadotropin is secreted from cells of the: a) morula. b) embryoblast. c) syncytiotrophoblast. d) zygote.
C
80) The maternal portion of the placenta arises from the: a) amnion. b) ectoderm. c) functional layer of the uterus. d) germinal disc. e) myometrium.
C
91) Changes in the size of the uterus during pregnancy are due to: a) hypertrophy but not hyperplasia. b) hyperplasia but not hypertrophy. c) both hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
C
94) During pregnancy, a woman's areolae and nipples become darker under the influence of: a) melanin from the pineal gland. b) vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland. c) melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the placenta. d) estrogen and progesterone from the ovary.
C
16) The lateral margin of the uterine tube, which bears the fimbriae, is called the: a) ampulla. b) fornix. c) isthmus. d) infundibulum. e) uterine part.
D
18) The normal site of fertilization is the:1-18-2013 a) vagina. b) body of the uterus. c) fundus of the uterus. d) ampulla of the uterine tube. e) uterine part of the uterine tube.
D
19) What is the correct order for the segments of the uterine tube, beginning at the ovary? a) Infundibulum - isthmus - ampulla - uterine part b) Uterine part - infundibulum - ampulla - isthmus c) Ampulla - infundibulum - uterine part - isthmus d) Infundibulum - ampulla - isthmus - uterine part e) Uterine part - isthmus - ampulla - infundibulum
D
2) What structure forms from the remnants of the follicle following ovulation? a) Corona radiata b) Zona pellucida c) Corpus albicans d) Corpus luteum e) Antrum
D
24) Which layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation? a) Perimetrium b) Basal layer of endometrium c) Myometrium d) Functional layer of endometrium e) Epimetrium
D
29) Progesterone levels are highest during the ________ phase. a) menstrual b) proliferative c) follicular d) luteal e) ovulation
D
37) Developing sperm cells are protected by a blood-testis barrier formed by: a) connective tissue septa. b) interstitial spaces. c) Leydig cells. d) sustentacular cells. e) leukocytes.
D
38) Which is not true about spermatogenesis? a) The process includes two meiotic divisions. b) The final stage of the process is called spermiogenesis. c) Mature spermatozoa are haploid (n=23). d) Spermatogenesis begins at birth and continues throughout a man's life. e) The process takes place in the walls of the seminiferous tubules.
D
42) How many spermatozoa ultimately develop from each primary spermatocyte? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
D
49) An erection of the penis is caused by: a) semen pressure from the testes and ductus deferens. b) muscle flexion of the penile muscles. c) increased secretions of lymph into the spongy tissue. d) blood filling the erectile bodies and compressing the veins. e) ejaculatory muscles.
D
95) Prolactin is secreted from the ________ gland, and its levels ___________ during pregnancy. a) hypothalamus, double b) mammary, double c) corpus luteum, increase ten-fold d) anterior pituitary, increase ten-fold
D
96) Human placental lactogen _________ the effects of insulin and causes a pregnant woman's tissues to metabolize ______ glucose. a) facilitates, more b) facilitates, less c) inhibits, more d) inhibits, less
D
188)When a woman in her fifth decade of life is not pregnant and has stopped having menstrual cycles for _________, she is said to be in menopause.
1 year
134) When the process of meiosis is complete, the result is ______ Haploid daughter cells
4
163)A patient is pregnant and her uterus has not yet enlarged. She must be less than __ weeks pregnant.
4
177)How many sperm are produced in the testes each day?
60 Million
152)When does implantation typically begin after fertilization?
7 Days
102) When pregnant, a woman has an increased sensitivity to the hormone angiotensin. a) True b) False
A
108) Late in pregnancy, levels of estrogen and oxytocin rise. a) True b) False
A
114) True labor contractions increase with frequency over time, and pain from such contractions does not change in response to movement. a) True b) False
A
115) Stretching of the cervix causes oxytocin secretion to: a) increase. b) decrease.
A
116) Which statement accurately describes the effects of oxytocin and prostaglandins on uterine contractions? a) Both oxytocin and prostaglandins stimulate uterine contraction. b) Both oxytocin and prostaglandins inhibit uterine contraction. c) Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions, but prostaglandins inhibit them. d) Prostaglandins stimulate uterine contractions, but oxytocin inhibits them.
A
13) The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen. a) True b) False
A
103) Hormonal and neural changes during pregnancy function to facilitate diffusion of gases across the placenta. One way this occurs is by _________ respiration rate, thereby __________ CO2 levels in the blood. a) increasing, raising b) increasing, lowering c) decreasing, raising d) decreasing, lowering
B
104) Although pregnancy sometimes results in frequent urination, the one trimester when this tends to be not as problematic is the: a) first. b) second. c) third.
B
105) As the fetus develops, the mother's glomerular filtration rate: a) increases by about 10%. b) increases by about 40%. c) decreases by about 10%. d) decreases by about 40%.
B
107) Progesterone makes the uterine myometrium more irritable. a) True b) False
B
11) Ovulation is induced by a peak in the secretion of: a) inhibin. b) LH. c) ovulin. d) estrogen. e) progesterone.
B
110) Braxton-Hicks contractions are those that occur: a) during premature labor. b) during false labor. c) during true labor. d) in smooth muscle near the uterus. e) with the most painful intensity.
B
111) Pain from false labor contractions tends to be more localized to the __________ abdomen than that experienced from contractions of true labor. a) upper b) lower
B
117) Which stage would you expect to take the longest time? a) Dilation stage of labor of a parous woman b) Dilation stage of labor of a nulliparous woman c) Expulsion stage of labor of a parous woman d) Expulsion stage of labor of a nulliparous woman
B
118) What is expelled during the expulsion stage of labor? a) Colostrum b) The fetus c) The placenta and remaining fetal membranes d) Only amniotic fluid
B
12) Inhibin is secreted by: a) uterine lining cells, and it inhibits development of ovarian follicles. b) follicular cells, and it inhibits FSH production. c) the anterior pituitary, and it inhibits GnRH production. d) the posterior pituitary, and it inhibits ovulation. e) hypothalamic cells, and it inhibits LH production.
B
120) After delivering a child, the levels of CRH in the mother's blood: a) increase. b) decrease. c) remain the same.
B
121) After giving birth, lochia lasts for: a) 3-4 days. b) 2-3 weeks. c) 3-5 months.
B
123) In nonpregnant women, ____________ inhibits secretion of substantial amounts of prolactin. a) GnRH b) dopamine c) estrogen d) progesterone
B
125) Breast milk contains large amounts of vitamin D. a) True b) False
B
126) Release of breast milk occurs when the hormone __________ stimulates _________ cells to contract. a) prolactin, mechanoreceptor b) oxytocin, myoepithelial c) estrogen, areolar d) prolactin, mammary acini e) oxytocin, suspensory
B
127) In a mother who has recently delivered a child, afterpains occur when: a) dopamine triggers uterine contractions. b) oxytocin triggers uterine contractions. c) estrogen triggers prostaglandin release. d) progesterone inhibits prostaglandin release.
B
128) Breastfeeding prolongs the duration of time it takes for the uterus to shrink to its pre-pregnancy size. a) True b) False
B
132)The X and Y chromosomes are considered homologous autosomes. a)True b.)False
B
159)The pluripotent cells of the inner cell mass give rise to all tissues of a developing human (both the placenta and individual somatic cells). a.)True b.)False
B
161)Compared to the embryonic period, growth of the body slows significantly during the fetal period. a.)true b.)false
B
162)High levels of estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy help increase levels of LH and FSH as well. a.)True b.)False
B
164)During pregnancy, stroke volume is decreased in order to compensate for increased blood pressure. a.)True b.)False
B
165)Due to increased blood volume, the kidneys adjust by decreasing glomerular filtration rate. a.)True b.)False
B
166)During true labor, Braxton-Hicks contractions dominate. a.)True b.) False
B
169)The uterus of a mother who does not breastfeed will return to normal size faster than a mother who does breastfeed. a.) True b.)False
B
192)Production of new primary oocytes by mitosis continues throughout a woman's life. a.)True b.)False
B
194)The corpora cavernosa extend within the glans of the penis. a.)True b.)False
B
25) The secretory phase of the uterine cycle coincides with: a) ovulation. b) the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. c) menstruation. d) the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. e) proliferation.
B
195)These tubuloalveolar glands produce a clear, viscous mucin that serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse.
Bulbourethral glands
101) During pregnancy, the mother's: a) cardiac output and hematocrit rise. b) cardiac output and hematocrit fall. c) cardiac output rises and hematocrit falls. d) cardiac output falls and hematocrit rises.
C
109) Braxton-Hicks contractions tend to be: a) regular and increasingly frequent as time passes. b) increasingly intense as time passes. c) irregularly spaced and do not become more frequent as time passes. d) regular in timing but relatively weak.
C
112) The beginning of labor involves increased production of ________ from the fetal hypothalamus resulting in secretion of _________ by the placenta. a) GnRH, prolactin b) prolactin, oxytocin c) oxytocin, prostaglandins d) prostaglandin, prolactin e) prolactin, GnRH
C
119) Postpartum, estrogen and progesterone levels: a) rise steeply. b) rise gradually. c) fall steeply. d) fall gradually.
C
124) Compared to breast milk, colostrum contains: a) more fat and more immunoglobulins. b) more fat but less immunoglobulins. c) less fat but more immunoglobulins. d) less fat and less immunoglobulins.
C
67) What is the correct order of structures through which the sperm penetrates during fertilization? a) Corona radiata, oocyte plasma membrane, zona pellucida b) Zona pellucida, corona radiata, oocyte plasma membrane c) Corona radiata, zona pellucida, oocyte plasma membrane d) Zona pellucida, oocyte plasma membrane, corona radiata
C
151)Initially, sperm are not capable of fertilizing the oocyte. They must first undergo ______________
Capacitation
148)The outermost extraembryonic membrane that will eventually form the placenta is the ____________
Chorion
182)If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum becomes a:
Corpus Albicans
106) In the late stages of pregnancy, estrogen stimulates increased: a) release of hCG. b) secretion of atrial natriuretic factor by the heart. c) growth of the corpus luteum. d) production of oxytocin receptors in the uterus.
D
113) Prostaglandins are _________ acids that ___________ the cervix. a) amino, constrict b) amino, dilate c) fatty, constrict d) fatty, dilate
D
122) After giving birth, a woman's aldosterone levels ________ which results in _________ urine volume. a) increase, increased b) increase, decreased c) decrease, decreased d) decrease, increased
D
56) Puberty is initiated when a region of the brain begins secreting: a) luteinizing hormone. b) estrogen or testosterone. c) follicle-stimulating hormone. d) gonadotropin-releasing hormone. e) androgens.
D
68) Cleavage involves a series of ________ divisions and __________ in the overall size of the conceptus. a) meiotic, an increase b) meiotic, no change c) meiotic, a decrease d) mitotic, no change e) mitotic, an increase
D
70) At the 16-cell stage, the conceptus is known as a: a) trophoblast. b) blastocyst. c) embryoblast. d) morula. e) zygote.
D
8) A secondary oocyte arrests in: a) prophase I. b) anaphase II. c) prophase II. d) metaphase II. e) metaphase I.
D
133) A cell that contains 23 pairs of chromosomes is ______
Diploid
22) The myometrium of the uterus is composed of: a) skeletal muscle. b) mucous membrane. c) fibrous connective tissue. d) loose connective tissue. e) smooth muscle.
E
4) The volume of the antrum is largest in a __________ follicle. a) primary b) secondary c) primordial d) polar e) vesicular
E
47) Which of the following is not a component of seminal fluid? a) Prostaglandin b) Citric acid c) Mucous d) Seminalplasmin e) Calcium
E
55) The gonads: a) are the male testes and female ovaries. b) secrete sex hormones. c) produce gametes. d) are dormant until puberty. e) All choices are correct.
E
176)Which duct(s) of the male reproductive system passes through the prostate gland?
Ejaculatory Ducts
138)The_______ _____ is the opening of the cervix into the vagina.
External Os
156)A patient has weak contractions that are irregularly spaced. She is likely experiencing _________ labor.
False
175)Which part of the penis has the external urethral orifice?
Glans
160) During pregnancy, ______ is important because it keeps the corpus luteum from degenerating.
HCG
185)GnRH is released by the:
Hypothalamus
154) An increase in blood pressure during the first trimester of pregnancy is due to _____________
Increased blood volume
178)Which cells produce testosterone?
Interstitial Cells
140)Which of these structures contains sebaceous glands?
Labia Minora
168)A postpartum patient is experiencing what seems like a heavy period for several weeks after giving birth. She is likely experiencing the release of _______
Lochia
170) A ________ follicle has an antrum and is involved in ovulation
Mature
136)Which cord or sheet of connective tissue attaches to the ovary at the hilum?
Mesovarium
180)Each ovary is attached to the uterus by the __________ ligament and is held in place by the ______________ ligament.
Ovarian, suspensory
181)The internal organs of the female reproductive system include the:
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
190)An erection is the result of ___________ innervation
Parasympathetic
150)The __________ allows oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from maternal blood to the embryo.
Placenta
153) Nutrients and wastes are exchanged between mother and fetus through the _________
Placenta
158) During labor, oxytocin stimulates the uterus to contract. Contraction of the uterus increases pressure on the cervix, causing more oxytocin to be released from the hypothalamus. This is an example of ___________ feedback.
Positive
183)1When does a mature oocyte complete meiosis I?
Prior to ovulation
184)Decreasing levels of ____________ lead to sloughing, or shedding, of the endometrial lining.
Progesterone
174)Which of the following is an accessory reproductive gland in the male?
Prostate
196)Which of these male reproductive structures is unpaired (meaning there is only one in the body)?
Prostate Gland
131) The anterior border to the perineum is the _________
Pubic symphysis
189)The changes that occur in a woman's body at menopause are due to _______ levels of estrogen and progesterone.
Reduced
135) A __________ _________ is one in which the daughter cells receive only half as many chromosomes as the parent cell had.
Reduction Division
193)During the ________ phase, the central artery of the penis decreases in diameter.
Resolution
171)When a primary follicle enlarges, and there are several layers of granulosa cells, it is called a ___________ follicle
Secondary
143)Sperm are produced in the
Seminiferous Tubules
137)Although the lining of the uterine tubes contains cilia and the lining of the uterus does not, the epithelium within both organs is categorized as __________
Simple Columnar
172)Secondary Spermatocytes divide to form ___________
Spermatids
173)What is the name of the germ cell from which sperm arise?
Spermatogonia
191)Ejaculation is the result of ___________ innervation.
Sympathetic
186)Which is not considered to be a change associated with aging in males?
Termination Spermatogenesis
145)What receives sperm from the seminiferous tubules
The Rete testis
187)During menopause, the vaginal wall becomes ________, and hormonal changes lead to ________ risk of heart disease.
Thinner,increased
157)A patient is having contractions that are increasing in intensity and frequency, and her cervix is dilated. She is likely experiencing _______ labor
True
167)Oxytocin is released from the fetus and plays a role in _____ labor.
True
142)Which structure is derived from the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity?
Tunica Vaginalis
147)Pregnancy increases a woman's risk of _____
UTI
130)The perineum consists of an anterior ____________
Urogenital triangle and posterior anal triangle
139)What fibromuscular structure is about 10 centimeters long and serves as the birth canal
VAGINA
141)Which is not part of the vulva?
Vagina
144)Which structure is not found in both males and females?
Vestibular gland
146)The structures of the male reproductive tract are: a: ductus deferens b: urethra c: epididymis d: ejaculatory duct e: ampulla What is the order in which sperm passes through these structures from the testes to the penis?
c, a, e, d, b
197)The _____________ duct is formed by the ampulla and the proximal portion of the seminal vesicle.
ejaculatory
155)Why is it important that the pregnant mother's blood CO2 levels are lower than normal? to ____________ the partial pressure gradient between maternal & fetal blood
increase
149)After birth, the foramen ovale is closed as a result of increasing pressure in the__________________
left atrium
179)Which of the following is found in the cortex of the ovary?
ovarian follicles
129)The male homologue to the labia majora is the _______
scrotum
59) The testes are the male gametes. a) True b) False
A
60) The clitoris is homologous to the penis. a) True b) False
A
57) Prior to puberty, the anterior pituitary does not release FSH and LH. a) True b) False
A
15) FSH facilitates the development of a primary follicle, but estrogen released by a primary follicle inhibits production of GnRH, LH, and FSH. a) True b) False
A
26) What is the correct order for the phases of the uterine cycle, beginning with day 1? a) Menstrual - proliferative - secretory b) Proliferative - secretory - menstrual c) Secretory - proliferative - menstrual d) Menstrual - secretory - proliferative e) Proliferative - menstrual - secretory
A
27) Estrogen levels rise during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, and estrogen assists with the development of the dominant follicle. a) True b) False
A
3) Throughout childhood, primary oocytes are arrested in: a) prophase I. b) anaphase I. c) prophase II. d) metaphase II. e) metaphase I.
A
32) During female sexual excitement, the mammary glands, clitoris, and labia become engorged with blood. a) True b) False
A
33) The corpus luteum secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone. a) True b) False
A
34) Movement of the oocyte along the uterine tube is due to peristalsis and ciliary action. a) True b) False
A
45) Where are spermatozoa stored until they are fully mature? a) Epididymis b) Rete testis c) Ductus deferens d) Seminiferous tubules e) Efferent ductules
A
46) Which gland secretes a fluid containing fructose? a) Seminal vesicle b) Bulbourethral gland c) Vestibular gland d) Prostate gland e) Urethral gland
A
48) Which statement is accurate? a) Semen is composed of seminal fluid and sperm. b) Seminal fluid is composed of semen and sperm. c) Sperm are composed of seminal fluid within a cell membrane. d) The three ingredients of ejaculate are sperm, semen, and prostate-specific antigen.
A
54) Both males and females have accessory reproductive organs, including ducts through which gametes are carried. a) True b) False
A
20) Which is not a uterine function? a) Protection and support of developing embryo b) Usual site of fertilization c) Site of implantation d) Muscle contraction for labor and delivery e) Passageway for sperm
B
23) Menarche is: a) the first four days of menstruation. b) a female's first menstrual cycle. c) the stage immediately preceding menopause. d) marked by a dramatic decline in androgen secretion. e) the final phase of the uterine cycle.
B
28) Although the length of the menstrual cycle varies between women, menstruation consistently occurs 14 days after ovulation, and thus the _________ phase is constant in length. a) follicular b) secretory c) proliferative d) menstrual
B
31) During the excitement phase of the female sexual response, the uterus shifts to a more _________ position. a) anteverted b) erect
B
39) What part of a spermatozoon contains the nuclear material? a) Acrosome cap b) Head c) Midpiece d) Flagellum e) Tail
B
43) In men, LH stimulates: a) hypothalamic cells to secrete GnRH. b) interstitial cells to secrete testosterone. c) anterior pituitary cells to secrete FSH. d) sustentacular cells to secrete testosterone. e) spermatogenic cells to secrete ABP.
B
44) When comparing gamete production in males and females, males produce: a) more gametes that are larger in size. b) more gametes that are smaller in size. c) fewer gametes that are larger in size. d) fewer gametes that are smaller in size.
B
51) During orgasm, the ductus deferens undergoes: a) peristalsis, and the internal urethral sphincter of the bladder relaxes. b) peristalsis, and the internal urethral sphincter of the bladder contracts. c) segmentation, and the external urethral sphincter contracts. d) segmentation, and the external urethral sphincter becomes engorged with blood.
B
52) Production of new primary oocytes by mitosis continues throughout a woman's life. a) True b) False
B
53) Sperm begin to exhibit motility once they exit the seminiferous tubules. a) True b) False
B
6) Primary follicles form before birth. a) True b) False
B
66) Capacitation lasts several ________ and involves removal of ___________. a) seconds, lipids from the surface of the egg b) hours, proteins from the surface of the sperm c) days, carbohydrates from the surface of the egg d) weeks, glycolipids from the surface of the sperm
B
69) Cleavage occurs during: a) the fetal period. b) the pre-embryonic period. c) organogenesis. d) the embryonic period. e) fertilization.
B
7) In a female infant, the ovaries contain: a) primordial oocytes within primordial follicles. b) primary oocytes within primordial follicles. c) primordial oocytes within secondary follicles. d) primary oocytes within corpora lutea. e) primordial oocytes within corpora albicans.
B
74) Implantation usually begins at about the end of the first ________ of development. a) day b) week c) month d) trimester
B
75) The outer layer of the trophoblast that burrows into the lining of the uterus is the: a) embryoblast. b) syncytiotrophoblast. c) cytotrophoblast. d) morula. e) zona pellucida.
B
76) The hormone that signals that fertilization and implantation have taken place is: a) pluripotent prolactin. b) human chorionic gonadotropin. c) gonadotropin releasing hormone. d) progesterone. e) pre-embryonic pellucida factor.
B
79) Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates the degeneration of the corpus luteum. a) True b) False
B
81) The fingerlike structures of the placenta that form from its fetal portion are known as: a) amniotic villi. b) chorionic villi. c) amniotic stalks. d) chorionic stalks.
B
82) Blood cells and antibodies pass freely across the placenta. a) True b) False
B
84) The second trimester of a pregnancy includes months: a) 2-5 b) 4-6 c) 5-7 d) 5-9
B
85) During preganancy, estrogen and progesterone from the placenta: a) stimulate FSH and LH secretion and thereby stimulate ovarian follicle development. b) inhibit FSH and LH secretion and thereby arrest ovarian follicle development. c) stimulate GnRH secretion and thereby inhibit overgrowth of the uterus. d) inhibit release of corticotropin-releasing hormone and thereby prevent excessive stress responses.
B
87) Prepare for the strain of labor and delivery, female reproductive hormones cause ligaments of pelvic joints to tighten. a) True b) False
B
88) Growth of the functional layer and prevention of menstruation during pregnancy are brought about by secretion of: a) relaxin. b) progesterone. c) cortisol. d) human chorionic thyrotropin. e) human placental lactogen.
B
89) During pregnancy, the levels of CRH and aldosterone within a mother's blood decline. a) True b) False
B
90) One reason that pregnant women's metabolic rates change is that the placenta secretes: a) human chorionic gonadotropin, which stimulates metabolism of glucose and raises metabolic rate. b) human chorionic thyrotropin, which stimulates the thyroid gland and raises metabolic rate. c) human placental lactogen, which stimulates glycolysis and raises metabolic rate. d) human chorionic somatomammotropin, which inhibits fatty acid metabolism and lowers metabolic rate. e) prolactin, which lowers metabolic rate so that nutrients can be stored in milk.
B
92) The uterine enlargement that occurs during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy is mostly the result of: a) growth of the conceptus from a zygote to a fetus. b) amniotic fluid production as well as growth of uterine muscle and the placenta.
B
93) By the 4th month of pregnancy, the fundus of the uterus is located inches below the ________ and by the ninth month it is located at the level of the ____________. a) urinary bladder, umbilicus b) umbilicus, xiphoid process c) diaphragm, laryngeal prominence d) pubic symphysis, heart
B
1) Which type of ovarian follicle contains a secondary oocyte? a) Secondary follicle b) Primary follicle c) Vesicular follicle d) Primordial follicle e) Polar follicle
C
10) What is the correct order for the phases of the ovarian cycle, beginning with day 1? a) Luteal, follicular, ovulation b) Follicular, luteal, ovulation c) Follicular, ovulation, luteal d) Ovulation, follicular, luteal e) Ovulation, luteal, follicular
C
100) Edema and varicose veins in the lower extremities sometimes develop in the third trimester of a pregnancy due to: a) decreased cardiac output. b) elevated blood pressure. c) compression of abdominal blood vessels. d) elevated hematocrit.
C
14) Ovulation typically occurs on day 14 of the ovarian cycle, and the luteal phase occurs on days: a) 1-5. b) 6-14. c) 15-28. d) 8-18.
C
17) Fimbriae: a) are extensions of the ovarian ligament. b) line the ampulla of the uterine tube. c) enclose the ovary at the time of ovulation. d) are sloughed off during menstruation. e) assist in the movement of sperm through the female reproductive tract.
C
21) The portion of the uterine wall that includes the basal layer is the: a) myometrium. b) perimetrium. c) endometrium. d) serosa. e) muscularis.
C
30) The posterior pituitary hormone that is crucial for milk ejection is: a) LH. b) GnRH. c) oxytocin. d) prolactin. e) progesterone.
C
35) The function of the dartos and cremaster muscles is to: a) attach the penis to the body wall. b) produce erections. c) regulate the temperature of the testes. d) help the testes descend into the scrotum prior to birth. e) move sperm along the ductus deferens.
C
36) The interstitial cells in the testes: a) undergo mitosis to produce primary spermatocytes. b) support and protect the developing sperm cells. c) secrete testosterone. d) convert fructose to glucose to nourish the sperm. e) form the lining of the seminiferous tubules.
C
40) The stages that appear during spermatogenesis are: a: spermatid b: primary spermatocyte c: spermatogonium d: spermatozoon e: secondary spermatocyte What is the correct order of appearance of these stages? a) b, e, c, d, a b) c, e, d, a, b c) c, b, e, a, d d) a, c, b, e, d e) d, b, c, e, a
C