Research Exam 3

A method of philosophy that is designed to liberate people from the traditional claims of the other branches of philosophy falls under the heading of deconstructionism and is called a. rationalism b. aesthetics c. empiricism d. poetry

d. poetry

When a national poll reports that its survey has a margin of error of 3%, it is referring to error due to Select one: a. recording the response b. respondents not understanding questions c. misinterpreting the results d. sampling

d. sampling

In a meta-analysis, the results of various studies on a topic are quantified using a standard measure (ES) that is called a. estimate of significance b. efficiency standard c. effect size d. error squared

C. effect size

The inclusion criteria in a meta-analysis are very much like a. delimitations b. research hypotheses c. basic assumptions d. limitations

a. delimitations

The first step in conducting a questionnaire survey is to a. list specific objectives to be achieved b. construct the questionnaire items c. write the cover letter d. select the sample

a. list specific objectives to be achieved

In calculating ES for a treatment effect between a pretest and a posttest, the text recommends the use of which standard deviation? a. the pooled standard deviation b. the pretest standard deviation c. the posttest standard deviation

b. the pretest standard deviation

A fundamental goal of philosophy is to examine reality primarily through a. reflective procedures b. experimental procedures c. descriptive procedures d. observational procedures

A. reflective procedures

In a meta-analysis, the researcher found that the mean for the experimental group in a study was 14, and the mean for the control group was 10. The standard deviation of the control group was 5. Based on these data, what is the ES? a. 0.80 b. 0.50 c. 0.20 d. 4.0 e. 5.0

a. 0.80

Which of the three branches of philosophy focuses on the value of things? a. axiology Correct b. metaphysics c. epistemology

a. axiology

Which of the three branches of philosophy focuses on knowledge? a. axiology b. epistemology c. metaphysics

b. epistemology

Consider the following questionnaire item (which uses a yes/no format): "Do you use objective test items or essay items?" What rule regarding item construction does it violate? a. Do not lead the respondent to answer in a certain way. b. Avoid using negative items. c. Do not use items that have two or more separate ideas in the same item. d. Short questions are easier to understand.

c. Do not use items that have two or more separate ideas in the same item

In a meta-analysis of 100 studies that compared boys' and girls' knowledge of AIDS, an average ES of 0.50 was found. This number represents a. a correlation of 0.50 b. a t ratio of 0.50 c. a difference of 0.50 standard deviation units d. a mean square (variance) of 0.50

c. a difference of 0.50 standard deviation units

A major difference in the purpose of a meta-analysis and a review of literature for a research paper is that the meta-analysis uses the literature a. to formulate the research hypothesis for the meta-analysis b. to document a need for a particular study c. for empirical and theoretical conclusions d. to determine what methods to use to conduct the meta-analysis

c. for empirical and theoretical conclusions

Which of the three branches of philosophy focuses on the nature of things? a. epistemology b. axiology c. metaphysics

c. metaphysics

A researcher tests the knowledge that 10,000 school children from the southwestern United States have about nutrition, and the scores are transformed into percentiles by grade level.This type of research is a ________ survey study. a. correlational b. longitudinal c. normative d. multiple-case e. developmental

c. normative

Scaled responses to questionnaire items such as strongly agree, agree, no opinion, and so on are referred to as ________ scale items. a. Binet b. semantic differential c. Gulick d. Likert-type

d. Likert-type

Reasoning that moves from a limited number of specific observations to general conclusions is termed ____ reasoning. a. speculative b. descriptive c. deductive d. inductive

d. inductive

To help ensure an acceptable return rate in a questionnaire study, the researcher should a. enclose or attach another copy of the survey b. make liberal use of open-ended questions c. use follow-up letters or e-mails d. a, b, and c e. b and c only

e. b and c only

A survey technique that asks a jury of experts to respond to a series of questionnaires in order to reach a consensus about important issues is the a. obtrusive survey method b. Delphi survey method c. normative survey method d. roundtable survey method

b. Delphi survey method

The practice of selecting a small random sample of a survey's nonrespondents is primarily intended to a. ensure anonymity of responses b. determine whether the nonrespondents are a different population from the respondents c. try to raise the percentage of returns to at least 50% d. identify outliers

b. determine whether the nonrespondents are a different population from the respondents

Choose the correct sequence for developing a questionnaire. a. delimiting the sample, pilot testing, determining objectives, writing items b. determining objectives, delimiting the sample, writing items, pilot testing c. delimiting the sample, determining objectives, writing items, pilot testing d. pilot testing, determining objectives, writing cover letter, writing items

b. determining objectives, delimiting the sample, writing items, pilot testing

Which of the following are most difficult to analyze in a questionnaire study? a. semantic differential items b. open-ended items c. yes/no items d. Likert-type items

b. open-ended items

It is common when looking at a distribution to encounter extreme or unusual scores that could have a misleading effect on the results. These extreme scores are termed a. deviants b. outliers c. residuals d. curve busters

b. outliers

In a meta-analysis, the ES for the experimental versus control groups was 0.68, which represents a percentile equivalent of 75. This means that Select one: a. the probability is 75% that the use of the experimental treatment will improve the average student's score from the 50th to the 68th percentile b. the average score of the experimental group was better than 75% of the control group's scores c. the control group's average performance was 68 out of 100 compared with 75 out of 100 for the experimental group d. the control group's mean was only 75% as high as that of the experimental group

b. the average score of the experimental group was better than 75% of the control group's scores

The fact that a meta-analysis quantifies findings from many studies is a frequently mentioned advantage. Another strong advantage of the meta-analysis over the normal review paper is a. the use of the computer in the literature search b. the description of the coding of study characteristics and the criteria for excluding studies c. the inclusion of theses and dissertations as well as journals d. the use of the "scorecard" count of the number of studies that share common findings (such as those that found statistically significant differences)

b. the description of the coding of study characteristics and the criteria for excluding studies

The most frequent and severe criticism of meta-analysis is that a. the sources used in the literature search are not identified b. the studies represent wide differences in methodologies, designs, and measurements c. the number of studies involved is generally too small d. meta-analysis does not allow the use of dissertations and theses

b. the studies represent wide differences in methodologies, designs, and measurements