Research

Longitudinal

A researcher administers a written test to evaluate knowledge of insulin administration and glucose monitoring to a group of subjects at annual intervals over the next decade. This is an example of which type of study design?

Target population

A researcher wishes to evaluate the management of chemotherapy side effects in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). Children with ALL are an example of which of the following?

External validity

Multiple replications of an initial study conducted in different populations produce findings that do not match those in the initial study. The initial study may lack which type of validity?

results indicate a significant difference when in reality there is no difference wrong statistical procedures are used

The researcher understands that a type I error occurs when the:

A thermometer that indicates the body temperature as 0.1° higher than the accurate temperature

The researcher understands that which of the following would be an example of systematic error?

no relationship between variables

The statistical (null) hypothesis in a research study states that there is:

independent variable can be interpreted as being responsible for the effects on the dependent variable.

The term "internal validity" refers to the degree to which the:

Concluding that there is a difference between groups when there really is no difference

There is a greater risk of making which error with a directional hypothesis?

PICO

To develop a clinical question when reviewing the effectiveness of nursing interventions, the nurse will use which format?

abstract, discussion

To help determine the relevance of a study to practice, it is recommended that the reviewer read which two sections of the study initially?

Results

To learn whether there is a statistically significant difference between the control group and the experimental group in a study, the nurse would review which section of the research report?

beneficience

Which ethical principle protects human subjects from harm?

general area concern required study

A research problem is defined as a/an:

concrete idea

A nurse researcher will measure the effects of infant and parent bonding on infant weight gain in the first 6 months of life. The nurse will evaluate the number of times each day that the parent holds the infant. This measure is an example of a(n):

BMI score

A nurse studies the effects of teaching the MyPlate.gov materials to preschoolers by providing this education to preschoolers in a single day care center and then following their BMI scores over a 5- year period and comparing their scores to those of children from another day care center. In this study, which element is represented by the O in the PICOS acronym?

standards of care

A nurse uses a care map to guide nursing interventions for patients with COPD. This is an example of using:

Consumer

A nurse who reads research articles and incorporates research findings into nursing practice would demonstrate which of the following research roles?

Attrition rate

A researcher begins a study with 250 subjects, and 50 subjects drop out before the study is concluded. The researcher will declare 20% as the sample:

Ratio

A researcher collecting ethnic data assigns the following numerical labels: 1 equals 0-5 years work experience 2 equals 6-10 years work experience 3 equals 11-15 years work experience 4 equals 16-20 years work experience This is an example of which type of data?

Nominal

A researcher collecting ethnic data assigns the following numerical labels: 1 equals Caucasian 2 equals African American 3 equals Mexican American 4 equals Asian This is an example of which type of data?

convergence

A researcher develops a new instrument to measure coping skills and conducts a pilot study to compare the new tool with an existing tool that measures this concept. This is an example of evidence of validity from:

reliability

A researcher performs a series of pilot studies to evaluate whether a measurement tool produces consistent results. This is an evaluation of:

Researcher does not have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis

A researcher reports that results of a study were not statistically significant. How is this to be interpreted?

accessible population

A researcher wishes to study the effects of a nursing intervention on children with cancer and obtains a sample of school-age children hospitalized for cancer treatment in a local hospital. This sample represents the:

obtained results are not likely to have been due to chance.

A statistically significant finding means that:

Bias

A study in which subjects are assigned by the researcher into experimental and control groups increases:

ratio

A study measuring the effects of a new diuretic medication records hourly urine output of subjects. This measure represents which level of measurement?

Quantitative research

A study was conducted to determine which palliative care measures patients prefer. Statistical analysis revealed that most of them ranked evening back rubs and calming music the highest in helpfulness. This research would most likely fall under which of the following categories?

spiritual perspective

An indirect measure would be used to measure which of the following? Direct measure (O2 sat, BP, etc.)

the researcher reaches a point of where no new information is collected and theoretical ideas seem complete; also known as data saturation.

Data collection in many types of qualitative studies is considered complete when:

the researcher reaches a point of where no new information is collected and theoretical ideas seem complete; also known as data saturation.

Data collection in many types of qualitative studies is considered when:

meta analysis of a topic of interst

Developing evidence-based guidelines involves which of the following?

Evaluation

During a critical appraisal of a research study, the reviewer determines that a study about blood glucose monitoring of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus has implications for patients with type 2 diabetes. The reviewer will determine this during which phase of the research critique?

5 years

For a study to be considered current, it should be published within the last:

Self-determination

If a researcher unobtrusively observes interactions among patients in a psychiatric hospital for the purposes of data collection, which human right may be violated?

Correlational

If a researcher wishes to describe variables and to examine many relationships in a study, which type of study design will the researcher employ?

Design

If a reviewer is asking "Is a means provided to examine all of the objectives, questions, or hypotheses and the study purpose?", what part of the study is being critiqued?

95

In a data set that has a normal distribution what percent of scores will be within two standard deviations above or below the mean?

inferential analysis

In a discussion that includes the analysis of data collected during a pilot study, the researcher discusses the relationships and differences in data sets and makes predictions based on this analysis. The researcher will use which process?

inclusion criteria

In a study of liver transplant recipients, the researcher specifies that the subjects must be 18 years of age or older and the recipient of only one liver transplant. These criteria are an example of:

inclusion criteria.

In a study of liver transplant recipients, the researcher specifies that the subjects must be 18 years of age or older and the recipient of only one transplant. These criteria are an example of:

exclusion criteria.

In a study of patients who have dementia, a researcher wishes to examine the effects of moderate exercise on patients' abilities to perform self-care. The researcher decides to use subjects between 70 and 80 years of age who have been diagnosed with dementia for less than 1 year. A patient who is 65 years old meets:

1% chance that the conclusion is wrong

In a study to examine motivational techniques to help adolescent smokers to quit smoking, the null hypothesis states that the intervention will have no effect on this population. The researcher establishes a level of significance of 0.01. When analyzing the data, the researcher concludes that there is a significant difference between subjects receiving the intervention and those who do not. In this study, a Type I error means there is a:

Physicians who may admit patients to the unit where the new practice will be instituted

In developing an evidence-based practice, who should the nurse include in any plans to implement a new guideline?

Experimental

In which type of research is there high researcher control, random sampling, and controlled setting?

Quasi experimental

Nurses in a hypertension clinic have found that many patients do not comply with their treatment regimen. They designed an intervention based on Bandura's social cognitive theory and wanted to study the effect of this intervention in a convenience sample. Which of the following designs would be best suited?

selection of a subset of a population to represent the whole population.

Sampling in research may be defined as:

Assumptions

Statements that are taken for granted or are considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested, are called:

assumptions

Statements that are taken for granted or are considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested, are called:

positive outcomes increasing.

The best measure of successful evidence-based practice is:

Research problem

The following is an example of a/an: The incidence of childhood obesity has increased 32% over the last decade (CDC, 2017).

identify the meaning and credibility of a study

The goal of a critical appraisal should be to:

0.05 or 0.01

The level of significance usually set in nursing studies is at either:

empirical literature

The literature review section of a research report includes a summary of which of the following?

Concept

The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease prevention. The nurse identifies various health promotion activities—such as proper diet, exercise, and hours of sleep per night—as components of self-care. In this example, "self-care" is a:

probability that a statistical test will detect a significant difference that exists.

The nurse researcher understands that power is the

theoretical frequency distribution of all possible values in a population

The nurse researcher understands that the normal curve is a/an:

explanation

The nurse reviews a study in which adherence to an asthma action plan is compared among groups of adolescents who received different asthma education. Which research method does this represent?

generate scientific knowledge to guide nursing practice.

The primary purpose of nursing research is to:

determine the extent to which human rights will be protected in a study.

The purpose of an institutional review board (IRB) is to:

describe experiences as they are lived.

The purpose of phenomenological research is to:

Identify the steps in the research process, determine the strengths and weaknesses, and evaluate the credibility and meaning of the findings.

What are the steps used to evaluate quantitative research studies?

Dieting status

What is the dependent variable in the following hypothesis: teenagers who have a high self- concept will be less likely to diet than those with a low self-concept? Dependent variable -- a test score could be a dependent variable because it could change depending on several factors such as how much you studied, how much sleep you got the night before you took the test, or even how hungry you were when you took it.

It pools results from previous studies into a single quantitative analysis

What is true about a meta-analysis?

interviews with and observation of subjects

What type of data collection method is most common in qualitative research?

systematic review

When addressing a health care question to determine best practice, the nurse identifies and appraises quality research using a structured, comprehensive synthesis of the research literature to determine the best research evidence available. This is an example of a:

Ratio

Which level of measurement has an absolute zero?

meta-synthesis

Which method will a researcher use to evaluate a group of qualitative studies?

Age, gender, height, and weight

Which of the following can be measured using direct measures?

Amount of control and precision exerted by the methodology

Which of the following definitions best describes rigor in quantitative research?

degree of change people will need to make

Which of the following is related to the feasibility of implementing a new nursing intervention?

Can these findings be applied to other groups or settings?

Which of the following questions relates to generalization?

Purpose

Which of the following would identify the specific aim or goal of the study based on the identified problem?

Review literature r/t the types of patients they see each day

Which of the following would new BSN graduates do if they wanted to develop and evidence-based practice?

experimental

Which research technique would be used by a nurse researcher who wishes to compare bonding patterns of neonatal intensive care (NIC) infants to non-NIC infants to test various theories about infant-parent bonding?

Model

Which will the researcher use to display the concepts and relationships in a theoretical framework?