Research Methods Chapter 2

empirical journal articles

-Report original methods and results in detail -What researchers are actually doing -a scholarly article that reports for the first time the results of a research study -contains abstract, into, method, results, discussion, references.

availability heuristic

-being persuaded by what easily comes to mind. -estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common

bias blind spot

-biased about being biased. -we don't see ourselves engaging in these biases or our errors in thinking -the tendency to think that other people are more susceptible to attributional biases in their thinking than we are

present/present bias

-failing to think about what we can not see. -The tendency to rely only on evidence that is present (e.g., instances in which both a treatment and a desired outcome are present) and ignore evidence that is absent (e.g., instances in which a treatment is absent or the desired outcome is absent) when evaluating the support for a conclusion.

confirmation bias

-we look for information that supports what we think and ignore information that ignore our belief. -focusing on evidence we like best -a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence -Doctors ask questions that they're looking for to make a conclusion of what's wrong with you

reseaarch

Advice that is based on ___ is most likely correct

confirmation bias

Asking questions to get the answer we want is

confounds

Different factors that could account for significant results are called

Confounds

Factors that undermine the ability to draw causal inferences from an experiment.

Remaining objective as you interpret scientific data

How would you adopt the mindset of a scientific reasoner?

T

T/F ? We tend to believe when an authority figure says something

intuition

We make mistakes when we base our reasoning on____ rather than on science

Journal articles

What is psychology's most important source?

Probalistic

findings are not expected to explain all cases all of the time. -behavioral research is _____ meaning there are exceptions of some cases

review journal articles

provide a summary of all the published studies that have been done in one research area