Research Methods Final

Which of the following phrases would NOT indicate that a researcher is making a causal claim? - "Curbs" - "Seems to decrease" - "Suggests a change" - "Is at higher risk of" Chapter 3

"Is at higher risk of"

Why might researchers including debriefings in their studies? Chapter 4

- I allows researchers to make research an educational experience. - It gives participants insight into the nature of psychological science. - It informs participants about the presence and purpose of deception in a study

When examining an association claim using a bar graph, what indicates an association between the variables? Chapter 8

A difference in the height between the bars

What is a double- barreled question? Chapter 6

A question that actually contains 2 separate questions

Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students in his two classes ( Intro Psych & Developmental) are with his teaching this semester by giving a survey. What is the population of interest? Chapter 7

All students in his class (not all students at the university or nationwide)

Which of the following is NOT an example of being a producer of research? - Administering a questionnaire of PTSD symptoms - Observing the behavior of rats who have been socially isolated - Attending a psychological conference - Measuring dopamine levels in patients with Schizophrenia Chapter 1

Attending a psychological conference

What type of graph should you use to examine an association claim with one categorical & one quantitative variable? Chapter 8

Bar graph

The two biases of intuition discussed in the text are: Chapter 2

Being swayed by a good story and being persuaded by what comes easily to mind

The need to balance the potential costs and benefits to participants taking part in a research study is done to address which principle of the Belmont Report? Chapter 4

Beneficence

Darth Vader believes that he is a nice person. To confirm this, he asks all his friends whether he is a nice person; they all agree that he is. Vader concludes that he is a nice person and says he has evidence of it. However, he does not ask any of his enemies if they think he is a nice person. This is an example of which of the following? Chapter 2

Cherry-picking of evidence

What is the difference between data that is collected anonymously and data that is collected confidentially? Chapter 4

Confidential research collects participants names but separates them from the data; anonymous research does not collect participants names

Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students in his two classes (Intro to Psych & Developmental) are with his teaching this semester by giving a survey. If he gives his survey to the first 10 students to come to each class, what kind of sample is that? Chapter 7

Convenience

A correlation-based statistic called ______ is commonly used to determine internal reliability. Chapter 5

Cronbach's Alpha

________ is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge a theory. Chapter 1

Empiricism

External validity is most important for which type of claim? Chapter 7

Frequency (less important in association & causal)

Another word for data is a/an _________. Chapter 1

Observation

For his Research Methods class, Felipe plans to watch how teachers treat children in their classrooms who have ADHD. He will evaluate how positively or negatively the children are treated. This is an example of what type of measurement? Chapter 5

Observation

A study told teachers that some of their students were " bloomers" and would be outstanding academically in the next year (In Fact, these students were no different than any other students). At the end of the year, the "bloomers" showed more gains in IQ than the other students. It appeared that the teacher had unintentionally treated the "bloomers" in special ways. This is an example of what? Chapter 6

Observer effects (Observer influences the results of the study- usually unintentionally)

Varying order of the questions in a survey helps control for this effect. Chapter 6

Questions order effect (Where questions presented first influence responses to later questions)

A common finding in the study of aggression is that exposure to TV is associated with increased aggressive behavior in children. You know this relationship may not be causal because you are not sure which occurred first- watching TV or being aggressive. You are questioning which of the rules of causation? Chapter 3

Temporal Precedence

You are concerned about external validity in an association claim. What would be the most important aspect of the study to consider when deciding if external validity is the problem? Chapter 8

The sample (specifically, how was the sample collected? Remember, random is better!)

Research studies are superior to personal experience because: Chapter 2

They include at least one comparison group & avoid confounds

Dr. Yoda measures job satisfaction & number of years of education. In examining his scatterplot, he sees that the cloud of points has no slope. This indicates which type of relationship? Chapter 3

Zero Association

In testing the internal reliability of a measure which of the following results indicates good reliability? a= 0.10 a= 0.95 a= -0.03 a= -0.98 Chapter 5

a= 0.95 (closer to 1 = better & you should never have a negative alpha)